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Daniel Gulati

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Why We're Unhappy

Posted: 12/01/11 05:20 PM ET

At a recent dinner party, I was speaking with a friend who had just been promoted to vice president at a well-known New York hedge fund. The promotion was unexpected, involved an immediate 50 percent pay raise, and came with broad new responsibilities. When he should have been feeling optimistic and excited about his new position, why did he look like the unhappiest person in the world?

This isn't uncommon. In the course of writing Passion & Purpose, I was fortunate enough to meet and interview hundreds of young leaders, many of them "rockstar" twenty-somethings who command high six-figure salaries, are in stable relationships, and have all the career options in the world. Yet, when I asked them whether they were following their passions -- really doing what they loved -- they would soon describe how they actually felt about their seemingly perfect lives: lost, hesitant and uncertain. One respondent summed it up by saying, "I don't know what I want to do, but I know it's not this."

Many of those I interviewed echoed her sense of hollowness, a sense that seemed to be largely career- and situation-agnostic. This set up an intriguing puzzle: With all the ambition, choice, and ability in the world, why are these young leaders getting swept away in an undercurrent of unhappiness and anxiety?

The answer is both surprising and unique to this generation. Young leaders face three main threats to their sense of happiness and well being.

First, they realize that large companies aren't safe options anymore. Gone are the days where working for LargeCo meant a career for life. After the financial crisis, the large scale, immediate layoffs at financial institutions and large corporations shattered prevailing expectations of job stability. As a result, many are becoming hesitant of the promises made by large companies, instead choosing to pursue careers in the family business or in government. The latest round of 75,000 Wall Street job cuts will only add to this looming feeling of insecurity.

Second, Facebook and social networks are increasing anxiety. This is a generation of social media junkies -- they're on an average of 2.4 social networks, with 28 percent getting their first Facebook hitbefore even rolling out of bed. As Facebook gets better at connecting the world, it has become much easier to peer into one another's lives and see what others are doing. As one investment banker put it: "Hearing about everyone's exciting new jobs on Facebook makes me dread going to work even more." This increased sharing and personal transparency is not just a privacy issue; it's causing everyone to (consciously or subconsciously) compare themselves ever more frequently to friends and peers. This is problematic, since studies have repeatedly shown that comparing yourself to others is a primary source of unhappiness.

Finally, young leaders have more career choices than ever. Their parents sent them to college in droves: 54 percent of Millennials have college degrees, compared to 36 percent of Boomers. Of course, parents did this so their children could have more options. But is having all the career choices in the world unequivocally a good thing? Barry Schwartz, author of The Paradox of Choice, would say no. Through my interviews, I saw that the bewildering array of professional options open to today's young leaders is forcing them to focus on "optimizing" choices, which can be an excruciating exercise and added stress, especially as the list of available options gets longer. It puts the focus squarely on making the "right" decisions, with their parents looking hopefully (or sternly) over their shoulders. For a young leader, this pressure only heightens feelings of insecurity about whether or not they've walked through the "right" door and makes them more afraid to fail.

But there is good news. Individuals can overcome these new threats. If you're a young, ambitious individual feeling hesitant and hollow, here are three ways to combat those pesky doubts:

1. De-emphasize prestige and compensation. Money is important, but not at the cost of doing something you love. Taking a job just for the plush office and expense account might be a short-term strategy that compounds feelings of unhappiness further down the track. Without a doubt, the individuals I met who emphasized meaning over money tended to be happier overall than those who didn't.

2. Start experimenting. Commitment is important, but so is flexibility and intelligent experimentation. Try new things; try hard things. Ask your manager for a chance to lead a new business. Speak at an industry conference. Go on a secondment to another country. This way, you'll keep challenging yourself and avoid that feeling of being locked in.

3. Spend time defining your passions. It is a difficult psychological achievement to find what we want. The pursuit itself is hard, and it takes time. Like Clayton Christensen did, spend an hour a day thinking about what things you're passionate about. You're allowed to be passionate about different things, so consider more than one option. Adopting a portfolio of passions, rather than racking your brain for that one answer, will help you move away from impossible optimization and enable you to move forward.

These are just some of the techniques I've seen young leaders adopt to move forward with confidence. With some focus and effort, there is every reason that our next generation of leaders should be happy and ready to act with purpose.

What else can you do to make your work life happier?

This post was originally published on HBR.org.

 
 
 

Follow Daniel Gulati on Twitter: www.twitter.com/danielgulati

At a recent dinner party, I was speaking with a friend who had just been promoted to vice president at a well-known New York hedge fund. The promotion was unexpected, involved an immediate 50 percent ...
At a recent dinner party, I was speaking with a friend who had just been promoted to vice president at a well-known New York hedge fund. The promotion was unexpected, involved an immediate 50 percent ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Pointless Agony
Currently an undergrad at the University of Tennes
12:07 PM on 12/05/2011
People are realizing that the American Dream does not bring true happiness. These people are in search of a higher calling, a higher meaning to life, which is God!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mark Anhalt
The best mind-altering drug is truth
10:58 AM on 12/05/2011
I think some of these younger people are feeling they have become entangled the problems America faces and are finding this web that has spun around them can become inescapable. The daily work routine becomes boring and the person they wanted to be is not the person they have become.
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WI Patriot
Defending the Constitution.
12:16 AM on 12/05/2011
I am making 6 figures fixing the mistakes of Millennials and boomers - since we are better educated than them. And in 10 more years I'll be doing the same thing when the higher education bubble bursts, (don't ask me to explain - if you haven't figured it out you are hopeless)

I mean seriously - how does a generation get dumber than the one before them? We'll put that cash to good use. Honest.
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Ed Baker
Militant Moderate
05:03 PM on 12/05/2011
Yes, I find myself in this same position myself, every single day. I have boomers on my staff. I've tried to hire Millennials - what a waste of time.

I'm guessing your in your 40's. :)
11:23 AM on 12/04/2011
“why are these young leaders getting swept away in an undercurrent of unhappiness and anxiety?â€
- “large companies aren't safeâ€
- “more career choicesâ€
- “compare themselves ever more frequently to friends and peers.â€

Those looking for safety with limited choices and whose decisions are dictated by the opinions of others are not really leaders. Leaders thrive on risk, welcome choice and, if they compare themselves with others, it is with other with leaders rather than peers. The author notes that “54 percent of Millennials have college degrees, compared to 36 percent of Boomers†- there cannot be a majority of leaders and a minority of followers.
frank1946
Tell the Truth
12:55 AM on 12/04/2011
When you have no access to Capital and your Currency is declining in value and the Big Corporate
and Big Government Vision is dimming then you are left with ANXIETY !

Being Smart and an Academic Genius may not matter much ?

Try Bartender School ? Feds pay for it !
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Aesops
10:25 PM on 12/03/2011
We're unhappy because we've been chasing a chimera since we were kids. When society is growing in perceived affluence, parents have more time to try to get their kids "just right", since compromise isn't forced. That was the 80's. We've become mindless "optimizers" and have fooled ourselves with our own BS about the benefits of social networks (they are superficial and not real) and careers (they can't provide the meaning you need).
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
11:18 AM on 12/03/2011
Could part of the unhappiness stem from young people realizing that our government is owned by the entrenched big corporations and their money? Could it be that they realize that the individual is not as important as a large corporation's donation to a candidate or incumbent? Do they know that elections can be stolen, rigged, so their votes do not really matter?

Do they see that their ideas, their dreams, their ambitions need to be tied to some big money-making scheme for those ideas, dreams, ambitions to come true?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
09:57 PM on 12/03/2011
Exactly what I was thinking but expressed better than I could have done. Our nation seemed to be an honest and caring place to me when I was young. I am now 64 years old, and all of my faith has evaporated as one after another every civic virtue, every principle, every moral stance, every impulse to be compassionate and share with our fellow beings has been trampled by the love of money and power. We are a nation in steep steep decline.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
03:24 AM on 12/04/2011
"Our nation seemed to be an honest and caring place to me when I was young."

The key word is "seemed".

While we definitely had and still have some great virtues, Myth America has always reigned supreme.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
07:10 AM on 12/04/2011
Too many of our moral values have been tossed aside in the name of "expediency", "globalization", and worst of all, "politics". Seems like we live in a world that now says "Laws were meant to be broken", especially if it benefits those in power.
09:43 AM on 12/03/2011
Good idea, more hippies thinking about what they "want" rather than what is realistic.

Please, keep getting those Art History degrees and contemplating why you can't find work. Then maybe your masters in Philosophy will come in handy.
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DSevere
Deviant mind
01:09 AM on 12/05/2011
Hey, I dropped out of college -- and have spent my entire life making my living as a freelance writer and subsequently as a filmmaker. Currently, at age 46, have a production company with my husband and while we'll never be rich, we do okay and we're really happy.

If you really love what you do obsessively, passionately, and give it your all, work your butt off for it, whatever success you will have will be sweet, and you will not care what people are doing on Facebook.
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Mark Anhalt
The best mind-altering drug is truth
11:09 AM on 12/05/2011
hippies? really? hippies are extinct aren't they?
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joeisright
Semper Fi
09:19 AM on 12/03/2011
Hell i'm happy. What is the story here?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
09:58 PM on 12/03/2011
The story is that you are in a minority, joeisright.
06:21 AM on 12/03/2011
A portfolio of passions, Like;)
10:32 PM on 12/02/2011
Rich people whining about being "unfulfilled."

I'm young, well educated (B.S. from top 20 university) , and I have a great work ethic having had some sort of job since I was 14, but im unhappy because I can only get a retail job paying $10/hr.
09:44 AM on 12/03/2011
Uh huh. I call BS. I bet your resume says something entirely different than your post.
01:05 PM on 12/03/2011
Why would i lie about this? I had a research job through the stimulus package that paid decently (15/hr). Funding ended and I was laid off in march. Interned for free for 6 months only to become bitter as I was asked to train a few of the PAID employees. Kept applying for professional jobs but never got a response from any online job posting so I went to my local mall and got a job selling jewelry for $10/ hr. No lies, no exaggeration. At this point I would do just about anything for $40000 per year. I'm even looking into cocktail waitress positions at strip clubs for extra money.
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Ed Baker
Militant Moderate
05:08 PM on 12/05/2011
Move elsewhere.
03:55 PM on 12/02/2011
Sorry, the suggestions are nothing we haven't heard for, nor are they realistic for most of us young people who are unhappy. Because we went into debt to get college degrees, we can't afford to follow passions and not think about money/prestige in our careers. One thing I've learned after attending college and grad school is most great jobs either don't pay much or are incredibly hard to get/take a lot of time to get while most of the high-paying jobs are horrible and/or take over your life and don't allow for balance.
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David Balmer
01:05 AM on 12/05/2011
Here my kids don`t have debt from their studys, but were actually paid during there apprenticeship time. America doesnt have this system sorry to say. Really cool!