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Daniel J. Graeber

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Time to Switch to Switchgrass

Posted: 04/12/2012 6:26 pm

Scientists in the United States announced plans to use remote sensing data to map grasslands in and around Nebraska in order to determine what areas are best suited for cellulosic biofuel derived from switchgrass. USGS officials said it would take much of the "guesswork" out of deciding where to plant crops for the use of biofuels on U.S. grasslands. With what could be considered standard forms of alternative energy -- wind and solar power -- gaining momentum, most of the guesswork for biofuels may be in its future.

Expensive gasoline does strange things to U.S. consumers. It prompts them to do everything from investing in a hybrid vehicle to trading in their gas-powered lawnmowers for old-fashioned reel mowers. With gasoline hovering near historic ties, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey announced plans to use satellite data to find the best places in the Platte River Basin in and around Nebraska to assess where it's best to produce switchgrass for biofuels.

Switchgrass is a good crop in that it grows fast, tall and taps into water not readily available to other plants, including most food crops. Because of this, it's relatively easy to turn into a fuel source. The White House last year announced plans for up to $510 million in investments to back biofuels for military transportation and the Navy said it wanted half of its fuel to come from renewable sources by 2020. In May, an $80 million project was launched in Missouri to make jet fuel from switchgrass.

USGS scientists have developed a method for mapping grasslands that could be well suited for growing biofuel crops. This boils down to good and basic natural resource management. But just as scientists note that just because it's green doesn't make it clean, switchgrass has its problems. Critics complain that it actually requires more energy from chemicals, heat and electricity to produce a viable fuel from switchgrass. Furthermore, replacing conventional gasoline with biofuels produced from switchgrass would actually give off more of some types of greenhouse gasses.

Production of biofuels produced from perennial crops like switchgrass can offset some of the emissions tied to fossil fuels. Agricultural considerations, however, could lead to higher levels of greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide. Meanwhile, the Navy is reportedly spending four times as much for biofuels than it would on conventional jet fuel. Reports of the $1,000 hammer aside, that's hardly a wise investment.

The EPA announced this week it was examining a 15-percent ethanol mix for gasoline engines. Presumably, that's part of President Obama's trumpeted "all-of-the-above" energy strategy, but even his predecessor George W. Bush found something to love in switchgrass. Much of the ethanol produced in the United States comes from food crops so moving to switchgrass seems like a logical step. It's too expensive now, but as technology grows, so too will the Nebraska prairies used for biofuels.

By. Daniel J. Graeber

Cross Posted at Oilprice.com

Daniel Graeber is a senior journalist at the energy news site Oilprice.com. He is a writer and political analyst based in Michigan. More of his articles can be found on his Authors page at Oilprice.com

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gneep
if it wasn't always the same, it'd be different
12:22 PM on 04/16/2012
swichgrass MY rear end! Try hemp.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
03:09 AM on 04/17/2012
and use it first. we pay to dump stuff, that's what we need to use for bio fuels.
12:13 PM on 04/16/2012
Daniel.

Interesting article. We designed this wonkie greenhouse that sits on 20 acres of so-so farmland ,we ended up with a facility design that gives 50-90% shade to grow American Ginseng,a profitable looking crop. We insulated the outside tunnels of the greenhouse with switchgrass for a great R-factor. We would be able to crop it every year like cutting grass. We did combust some of this stuff without any additives. It is extremly volitile. The U.S. Navy is on to something. Our new company has the name Switch in it after our discovery of this grasses potential. We would probably ask $500/ton for what would have been waste.It came from the atmosphere so if some goes back it might be alright to use as energy. Were a long way off of building this thing but since we only have to plant switchgrass once every 10 years it just made too much sense not to pencil it into the equation.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
12:58 AM on 04/15/2012
WASTE is the only bio fuels we need or should use.
09:11 AM on 04/14/2012
Burning corn in SUVs is already insanity, so now we want to cover more ground with another biofuel crop? We destroy our arable land, drain our aquifers, pollute our rivers, make dead zones of our coastal waters, drive up food prices while using as much energy from fossil fuels to raise and process the crops as would have been there had we burned the fossil fuels directly. Biofuels are no more than ecologically and economically destructive handwaving that benefits the fossil fuel industry and big agriculture simultaneously.
11:31 PM on 04/15/2012
While I agree with you when it comes to biofuels from soy beans and corn and ethanol in general, this is not the case in all instances. It is feasible to make biofuels from native vegetation that does not require fertilizers, irrigation, pesticides, herbicides, or traditional agriculture techniques. They can be grown on land that is not suitable for food crops and therefore don't compete with or effect these crops. The root systems of these plants never have to be disturbed so they remain to keep the soil where it belongs. One technology that I find very promising is from Cool Planet ( http://www.coolplanetbiofuels.com/about.html ). Check it out. They report a cost of production of $1.00 to $1.15 (at the 50,000,000 gallon per year scale) for refinery quality gasoline, prior to the additives stage, the same as the gasoline that comes out of the fractional distillation process for oil produced gas.
08:46 AM on 04/17/2012
I've actually been a switchgrass fan for 20 years or so, but even switchgrass has its problems. It's still incomparably better than corn or soybeans. Even the link you provide does not prevent soil loss and would still play into the hands of the biotech industry, with concomitant threats to the insect and bird populations; and using corn still takes food off the table to burn on the highway.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Linus521
In wildness is the salvation of mankind
01:41 AM on 04/13/2012
They want to kill grassland ecosystems for one specie of biodiversity, the native switchgrass! While switchgrass is native biodiversity, one specie does not create the one whole organism of the whole organism that is an ecosystem. Ecosystems, like the human body are one, whole organism, requiring countless organisms, body parts, cells and their functions and contributions to create the one living, natural and wild organism or the life giving body of planet Earth, her ecosystems and the wealth of all her plant and animal biodiversity!

We are killing the Earth to save the climate! Why is Earth a living planet? Earth is in the eco-nomy of all life because of her wild, natural ecosystems, and ecosystems are life giving and supporting because of the vast wealth of both plant and animal biodiversity, the bricks and mortar of man's only house, Earth. We know, agriculture and cities heat up and dry out the climate; we know that science claims, when man kills ecosystems for any reason, he is, "suicidal", and when man destroys biodiversity, he is killing the Earth -- about as safe for mankind as thermonuclear war.

Are we going to devour the Earth's ecosystems or the eco-nomy of all life for dead planet fields of switchgrass, solar dead fields and planet slaughtering windmills; kill Earth for the climate while man kills evapotranspiration, opens the Earth to the heat of the sun, killing sheltering clouds while plastering the Earth with death.

Man exists only because of wild, natural ecosystems.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DougDeWitt
progressive social-capitalist
11:10 AM on 04/15/2012
I totally agree... fanned.
12:27 AM on 04/13/2012
"An 18 Wheeler cannot run on solar or wind." - T. Boone Pickens (Morning Joe 4/11/12)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DougDeWitt
progressive social-capitalist
12:08 AM on 04/13/2012
Daniel... I so appreciate your piece. There are far too few "experts" in the field of renewable energy who understand the distinction between "renewable" and "green". I wholly agree with you... just because switchgrass and other biofuel substrates are considered "renewable" fuel sources because they grow quickly, does not make them even remotely "green" or clean.

Any carbon-based fuel source will generate carbon-dioxide, the ultimate greenhouse gas and the primary contributor to global climate change. Is biofuel a preferable alternative to foreign oil? Perhaps yes, with the caveat that it will do nothing to alter our primary problem worldwide, it will simply help us geopolitically.

By far a better alternative for producing electricity is clean, green hydrogen-fired steam generation www.nativesunenergy.us produced from clean-burning hydrogen fuel. There is no carbon footprint, no greenhouse gas emissions, in fact there are no emissions of any kind, toxic or otherwise.

As for automotive technology, I don't see "saving the planet" as ever making a significant difference in peoples' preference for the venerable internal combustion engine. No, the big motivator in moving away from ICE's is going to the price of gasoline... when unleaded regular is more than $10 a gallon, people might accept electric alternatives by default. One day it might be the only way they can afford to get to work!
02:31 AM on 04/13/2012
How are we going to transport store this hydrogen?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alvdh1
09:48 AM on 04/13/2012
Your comment clearly indicates your lack of knowledge on energy issues.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Roosevelt Democrat
11:35 AM on 04/13/2012
AMMONIA?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Roosevelt Democrat
11:37 AM on 04/13/2012
I drove by a natural gas station they were selling it at $1.83/gallon of gasoline equivalent.