iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Dave Cooper

Dave Cooper

GET UPDATES FROM Dave Cooper
 

Harvard Study: Coal Costs America $330-500 Billion Annually

Posted: 03/ 6/11 06:45 PM ET

A Harvard University study published on Feb 17, 2011, has determined that the true costs of using coal to generate electricity in America are between $330 and $500 billion dollars annually. The study, "Mining Coal, Mounting Costs -- The Life Cycle Consequences of Coal" by the Harvard Medical School's Center for Health and the Global Environment examines the costs for so-called "cheap coal" that don't show up on the monthly electric bill: the so-called "externalities" or hidden costs. In a time of huge budget deficits, Americans -- and our leaders in Washington -- should be looking at these costs.

All businesses try to externalize their costs. For example, Toyota requires its auto parts suppliers to warehouse their parts and deliver them to the assembly line on a "just-in-time" basis, so that Toyota doesn't have to build huge storage warehouses. Toyota's just-in-time system thus externalizes their costs for warehousing the parts onto their suppliers.

In the 1960's, soda manufacturers sold their product in returnable bottles. There was much less litter, because people would pick up the bottles and return them for the 2 cent or 5 cent deposit. In order to increase their corporate profits, Coca Cola and Pepsi switched to aluminum cans and then to plastic soda bottles. Today our roadsides and streams are filled with trash, and over 40 percent of the litter is drink containers. The taxpayers foot the bill when highway workers clean up the trash, and the soda companies make bigger profits: they have externalized their costs onto the public.

Coal companies are adept at externalizing their costs. For example:

  • When Appalachian streams become polluted with sediment and heavy metals because of mountaintop removal mining, the public pays to clean up the water so it's safe to drink -- but they don't pay the cost on their electric bill, they pay it on their water bill!
  • When a child in North Carolina suffers an asthma attack or ear infection because of a coal-burning TVA power plant in Tennessee, the North Carolina family pays the cost of the child's medication -- not TVA.
  • When a community in the Appalachian Mountains suffers from depreciated property values because a coal company is showering the town with coal dust, the homeowners pay the cost when they sell their homes and move away.
  • And when heavy coal trucks destroy the roads and bridges in the mountain towns, the taxpayers have to pay to fix the roads -- not the trucking or coal companies. According to the study, the price of coal-generated electricity would be $0.18 per kW-Hr higher if it actually included these externalized costs.

A few years ago the Indiana University School of Medicine did a study and determined that the public health cost of burning coal for Hoosiers was $5 billion annually. Pollution from burning coal causes heart disease, lung disease, and asthma and puts mercury into the environment. The American Lung Association estimates that 24,000 excess deaths nationally are caused by pollution from coal-fired power plants every year.

In Kentucky, the Mountain Association for Community Economic Development (MACED) did a study which found that in 2006 coal generated $528 million in revenue for the state of Kentucky, but it cost $643 million in state expenditures. Similarly, in West Virginia, Downstream Strategies issued a report which determined that coal's net costs to West Virginia for 2009 were $97 million.

The numbers in the Harvard study are astronomical, and will hopefully stir some public debate about coal's true costs. About five years ago, when Ontario's leaders calculated the public health care costs of burning coal and compared them to other forms of electricity generation, they found that burning coal was overwhelmingly more expensive than renewables and hydro-power. Because Canada's public health care system means that the health care costs of burning coal are being paid out of government coffers, Ontario is now phasing out the use of coal.


Here in America, we just put the costs of coal on the backs of poor people without health insurance and little kids with asthma, while the coal company makes huge profits.

We often hear that alternative sources of energy, such as wind power and solar power are "too expensive" and not cost-competitive with "cheap" sources of energy like coal. Now we know that is not true.

 
A Harvard University study published on Feb 17, 2011, has determined that the true costs of using coal to generate electricity in America are between $330 and $500 billion dollars annually. The study...
A Harvard University study published on Feb 17, 2011, has determined that the true costs of using coal to generate electricity in America are between $330 and $500 billion dollars annually. The study...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 26
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
quidam56
01:57 AM on 03/09/2011
Appalachia can't stand anymore of the progress and prosperity of the new and improved, clean, green, hybrid coal being mined by decapitating our mountains...www.wisecountyissues.com/?p=138 The cost to our environment and health care never shows up on the stats on the real cost and what it is going to cost us five, ten, or twenty years from now for "cheap" energy. Especially in this nations worst area to obtain quality health care standards... www.wisecountyissues.com/?p=62
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Overtone
See bio on the Aesop Institute website
09:47 AM on 03/08/2011
Black Swans herald a way to supersede coal.

These are unexpected breakthroughs in energy.

The first was demonstrated in January. A scientist believes it will begin a stampede!

See Cold Fusion and Black Swans at www.aesopinstitute.org

A 24/7 development program is possible for a flock of Black Swans that are being born.

The speed of change is now up to us.
05:51 PM on 03/07/2011
The objective of JIT is not to externalize the cost of inventory, it is to eliminate the cost of inventory. The successful supplier will also likely reduce inventory costs in the same manner. However, coal does externalize costs, particularly health costs. Ask the electrician if his power plant has 5-foot high or 500-foot high smokestacks. The logic of saying coal miners/users need to continue doing what they do because there's no other work is similar to saying it's okay for me to rob those coal miner/users to get the money to pay my health bills. What I don't understand is why there aren't any class action law suits on this? Where's Dickie Scruggs when you need him???
12:11 PM on 03/07/2011
Thanks for putting that together. I'll be downloading that latest study. This puts the "high" cost of clean energy into better focus.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Milks
Ecologist
11:14 AM on 03/07/2011
Minimizing the ability for companies to externalize their pollution costs lies at the heart of all pollution laws and regulations. Given the amount of external costs that escape those regulations, it is evident that our current control system has not worked as well as it could. We therefore need to devise a better system, one that instead of attempting to control such pollution after it is generated seeks to replace the power plants that produce that pollution in the first place.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Kringle
Resurrection of the Gifting Spirit
07:38 AM on 03/07/2011
The taxpayers cannot afford the environmental degradation of our food and water supplies by continuing to subsidize "Big Energy" interests, while they continue to pocket the profits.

All this news about "Terrorist Organizations", and though we have identified some MAJOR corporate interests who have been found guilty of threatening our food and water supplies, we have not yet called them out for what they are: Threats to our National Security.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Malcolm Hensley
Last of the Reagan Republicans
01:13 AM on 03/07/2011
These numbers are silly!

Think about it. China 2009 burnt over 45% of all coal burnt on the planet. Based on this Harvard study it had to cost China about $1.5 Trillion. Where did China get all this money? How is it they have so much of ours?

There obviously have to be a whole lot of hidden benefits to cheap dirty coal energy whether we want to admit to it or not!

Look I'm not a fan of dirty coal energy!

But silly numbers just weaken our case not improve it!
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
04:57 AM on 03/07/2011
The water remediation and health care is not done in china, so china does it cheaper.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Milks
Ecologist
11:05 AM on 03/07/2011
You cannot compare between countries so directly. You must factor in the cost of hospitalization, construction costs, etc. to arrive at a comparable number between countries. There have been several recent articles on the human cost of coal production and use in China in National Geographic Magazine (bibliography at http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/geopedia/China). Look them up.
photo
CivilDebate10
Low Info People = Statism's Best Friends
09:37 PM on 03/06/2011
Wow, this guy is an expert at anything? He actually uses the just in time and inventory requirements of Toyota as an example of externalizing? Unbelievable. News flash, requiring suppliers to be able to deliver parts quickly is NOT externalizing - it just means that the parts suppliers store the parts - but that WILL be reflected in the price charged by the supplier to Toyota - Toyota IS bearing the cost. This author is amazingly ignorant of economics.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
06:08 AM on 03/07/2011
Parts suppliers are put under more cost pressure to deliver just in time. They can try to charge more,
but still have to compete against other vendors. Toyota wins for sure, maybe the parts suppliers can too.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Russ Klettke
Business and fitness writer
09:57 AM on 03/08/2011
Even if your focus on this side issue is all true and that Toyota eats the cost through higher prices, then why do they do it? The best rationale I can come up with is risk reduction – which ultimately is still shifting a cost to an external party. Outsourcing in all forms still boils down to the capitalistic imperative – the point of the story – which is to reduce costs and maximize profits.
08:57 PM on 03/06/2011
I have asthma and work at a coal-fired power plant..I have nver been sick...only sick and tired of all the idoits making comments on something they know little or nothing about...I have worked in coal-fired power plants for 25 years, no problems...I am an electrician

I am currently working at the largest new coal-fired power plant in the US....I am employed by Bechtel at Lively Grove, Illinois...The web site is prairiestateenergycompus.com
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
04:58 AM on 03/07/2011
The muck drifts downwind before afflicting the vulnerable.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Kringle
Resurrection of the Gifting Spirit
07:40 AM on 03/07/2011
Talk to the folk downstream of the TVA coal ash spill...talk to the folk downstream of the mountaintop removal sites...
photo
John Galt2
My life is my own...
07:04 PM on 03/06/2011
"Toyota's just-in-time system thus externalizes their costs for warehousing the parts onto their suppliers."

Ummm....no; the parts supplier charges the cost of his warehousing in the parts cost that Toyota pays. Toyota in effect pays for only that fraction of warehousing needed for the parts it buys, saving money so that a lower price can be offered to the customer.

"Today our roadsides and streams are filled with trash, and over 40 percent of the litter is drink containers. The taxpayers foot the bill when highway workers clean up the trash, and the soda companies make bigger profits: they have externalized their costs onto the public."

Ummm...no; litterbugs offload their cleanup efforts on the public. Bottle deposits weren't offered to keep the environment clean; they were "bounties" offered to minimize replacement costs for new bottles. Plastic and ultra light aluminum cans reduce transit weight & save gas.


"Here in America, we just put the costs of coal on the backs of poor people without health insurance and little kids with asthma, while the coal company makes huge profits."

OK - let's put all those nasty coal mines out of business. What will all those ex-employees of the mines do once you have thankfully relieved them of a means of making a living that you in your smugness find objectionable? We all know what magnets WVA & eastern KY are for capital investment and job creation...
09:29 PM on 03/06/2011
Regarding your analysis re JIT inventory, I find it mostly correct and it does nothing to negate the author’s proposition that they externalized certain warehousing costs. Your statement that the cost savings would be passed on to the customer is naïve. The objective of a corporation is to maximize shareholder value. Cost savings would only be passed onto the customer if it resulted in an increase in earnings, which may not be the case.

Regarding your analysis re beverage bottles, you forgot to factor in the non-renewable resource costs of producing aluminum and plastic (fossil fuels). Humanity pays the price for that.

What to do with ex-employees of mining companies? That’s easy. Put them to work cleaning up the toxic waste sites they have produced over the decades. That should easily employ all of them for generations to come.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
doubleB
12:30 AM on 03/07/2011
re: the JIT stuff... I agree, but I'm going to take it a step further and say further analysis is needed before either John Galt2 or Mr Cooper can be declared right. Mr Cooper assumes that Toyota doesn't pay more for that externalized operation. However, if it's a single-source supplier, they can have a lot of clout, and actually make Toyota pay for it. You can't assume that just because a supplier has a part on consignment with a particular buyer that they eat all the cost. I've worked in factories and seen suppliers take their buyers to the cleaners many times.

And yea you're right... Mr Galt2 assumes Toyota will lower their prices, and that's not always the case either. They may just take the higher margin and either reinvest it into their business, raise salaries, or pay their shareholders.
07:16 PM on 03/07/2011
At it again, John?
Making assumptions -
that Toyota pays for storage in the cost of the parts
That we are out to unemploy coal mine workers (a vanishing breed, by the way, King Koal is doing fine on reducing his work force)

How about the SUBJECT of the article the "total" cost of using coal? Data backed with real numbers. Increased health costs, clean up costs, the decreased property value of surrounding area?

When decisions are made buyers (citizens, towns, states) deserve to know the total costs involved.

As for beverage bottles- on that I agree.
We were offered a choice years ago. Consummers chose cans and plastic---we own that decision.
You buy it -You clean up the mess.
Of course we can also choose to quit buying plastic and cans when the true cost is realized.
Just like we can reduce use of coal--when it's true costs are revealed.