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David Edison Sloane

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What Thomas Edison Would Do

Posted: 07/07/11 04:01 PM ET

Congress is debating whether to repeal a 2007 law that requires light bulbs to become more energy efficient. So people have asked me where Thomas Alva Edison would come down on the issue, since he invented the incandescent light bulb 132 years ago.

My great-grandfather would be all for keeping intact the Energy Independence and Security Act. The law requires light bulbs of all types to be at least 25 percent more energy efficient by 2012. To Edison, that would have been no big deal.

He would have immediately embraced the challenge of reducing the power usage of the incandescent light bulb -- and regarded it as a great opportunity to offer consumers a better and more ecologically sound product. Edison understood that incandescent lights burned up a lot of power. The present bulb, more or less unimproved for more than a century, still uses up to 90 percent of the incoming electricity as heat wasted in making the filament incandescent, not in making ''light'' as such.

As an inventor, Edison would have no interest in turning back the legislative clock. The wizard of Menlo Park dedicated himself to advancing human comfort, not freeze life as we knew it in 1879.

I know where he'd be this morning if he were still with us: in his West Orange, N.J., lab working furiously on a better bulb. And when he was done, it would be cheaper and more energy efficient. Repealing EISA won't improve anybody's life. He would have scorned the cynics who are trying to turn a technical challenge into a political football.

Moreover, my great-grandfather would be annoyed by the misleading and sometimes downright false statistics being thrown around in this controversy.

One red-herring is that an over-reaching Big Government is taking away our beloved incandescent bulb. Not true. Consumers can continue choosing from an array of more modern, energy efficient bulbs, including halogen incandescents, compact fluorescents (CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs.) By the way, are you telling me that we can send a man to the moon but the entire population hasn't got one electrical engineer who can improve the heat-loss-to-incandescent ratio?

Another argument that turns out to smell fishy is the red herring that CFLs are dangerous because they contain about 3 milligrams of mercury. Before I did the math, I thought so, too.

No one should minimize mercury as a pollutant, but intelligent disposal and recycling of everyday mercury-bearing products is the best way to keep it out of the environment. Among other household products that contain more mercury include thermostats, your watch battery and, oh yes, the fillings in your teeth (unless you have switched to plastic.)

A far greater human health threat comes from the mercury spewed by electricity-generating power plants. Once the new standards take full effect in 2020, mercury emissions associated with common household lighting would be reduced by 60%. That will also eliminate about 100 million tons of carbon dioxide pollution from the atmosphere each year -- the equivalent of taking 17 million cars off the road.

The light bulb furor highlights another crucial Edison conviction. Long ago he wanted the United States to abandon oil as a primary energy source.

In fact, near the end of his life, he told Henry Ford and Harvey Firestone that he wanted America to end its reliance on oil and other polluting fossil fuels and, instead, embrace clean, renewable sources of energy, especially solar power. Edison would be deeply disappointed by our inability to make more progress toward solar, wind and nuclear power that is safe and cost effective.

So Edison would strongly favor the most efficient light source that we can invent. He personally would be forging ahead to create and then market such a better product. And if that meant incandescents come in second, or third, so be it. No matter what, my great-grandfather would have welcomed with relish a brighter future for all.

Lastly, forgive my partiality to the elegant shape of my great-grandfather's bulbs. The spiral CFLs are plain ugly. But to each his own. There are plenty of alternatives on the market to choose from. Isn't that the American way?

I wonder if the misguided drive to reverse progress on light bulbs isn't part of a broader assault on our environment; if so, Edison would be appalled by it. Instead, he'd be pushing America to do more, much more, to clean up our air, water and land -- rather than trying to prevent such agencies as the Environmental Protection Agency from updating public health safeguards under the Clean Air Act, as some of the congressional fish-mongers are doing.

My great-grandfather would be calling us to put politics aside and get back to doing what Americans do best -- create better mousetraps... and better light-bulbs.

Dr. David Edward Edison Sloane is a professor of English at the University of New Haven.

 
 
 
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11:07 AM on 07/11/2011
Over 9% of the American population is unemployed here in the U.S. and these Neanderthals want to make America safe for Chinese incandescent light bulbs. I prefer Chinese CFL's myself.
02:54 PM on 07/09/2011
It is apparent that people here live in houses on railroad tracks (vibration) and their rent is paid by a coal company. I'm glad we've had people like Edison and Tesla who would embrace the challenges of the day rather than sit around and complain how we need to go back to the old way.

As far as who invented what, and who got credit for it, try comparing that to today. Giant corporations own all the patents, no one gets credit for their inventions.
11:25 AM on 07/09/2011
RE Coal power mercury from incandescent use, being worse then CFL mercury

Now that IS a red herring that keeps doing the rounds...

Clearly, power plant mercury needs to be dealt with too
- but that is already being done under EPA admin Lisa Jackson, with new technology -notice the EPA regulations just the other day, with "scrubbers" that also reduce mercury emissions.

The reason why CFL mercury is a greater problem,
is extensivel­y covered here, including the USA EPA data etc
http://ceo­las.net/#l­i198x

For example, the fact that electricity does not just come from coal,
or that mercury release INSIDE a room is rather different from outside,
or that the supposed amount of energy usage advantage of CFLs have recently been found not to hold up...

In a nutshell

1. We know where the ever decreasing local coal power plant chimneys
are and we can treat their emissions with ever increasing efficiency at lower costs.
2. Compare that with a broken CFL at home, with mercury release on the spot.
3. Also compare that with future billions of scattered broken CFLs
elsewhere, when we do not know where all the broken lights will be,
and so it is much harder and often impossible to do anything about them.
4. Also compare that with any recycling process of CFLs, with its own mercury release,
and the mercury release of the CFL shipping transport from China (the ships use bunker oil),
and back again for new CFL manufacturing.
03:06 PM on 07/09/2011
power plants emit mercury as an aerosol--(and are trying very hard to get delays in meeting standards) that has far more health risks than the mercury in a bulb --but you knew that-right?
so make the bulbs here! transport reduced/ jobs!
use LEDs instead if you are that worried about mercury
if recycling is a problem--fix the recycling!
03:25 PM on 07/09/2011
she343, explain something to me, residential lighting makes up about 6% of the total draw on the grid, and is used during the off peak hours. So, when the draw is really that negligible, how is this going to make any difference?
10:47 AM on 07/09/2011
RE "One red-herring is that an over-reaching Big Government is taking away our beloved incandescent bulb"
No red herring - a rose by any other name is still a rose (to really mix metaphors!)

It is a BAN:

1. Setting a standard that does not allow certain products is of course the SAME as banning them.

2. Setting efficiency standards that (by 2020) any of today's known incandesce­nts - Halogen or otherwise - cannot meet is the SAME as banning them too.
Regulation explanatio­n and official links http://ceo­las.net/#l­i01inx

It is surely a great PITY not to allow simple safe types of lighting - like grandpa Edison invented.
Light bulbs don't burn coal or give out CO2 gas, other energy savings in Electricity Generation, Distribution and Consumption are much more relevant, and significant, as described and referenced on the above linked ceolas website.

3. To say that if I climb Mount Everest I can smoke a cigarette, does not mean that I will smoke a cigarette.
This "not a ban" run-around argument is typical of the pro-regula­tion deception arguments

4. The further issue is that energy standards change product characteri­stics
- a fuel efficient car may be lighter, flimsier, less safe, or slower and more poorly accelerati­ng then the equivalent without fuel efficiency standard

- similarly, replacemen­t-type Halogen bulbs are still different from ordinary incandesce­nts,
in light quality etc, apart from costing much more for marginal savings, which is why they are not popular either with politician­s or consumers
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AcademicFreedom
Often banned; always factual
08:28 PM on 07/08/2011
Edison would have yelled, screamed, and demeaned his employees. Of course he wanted to move away from oil. Too bad he used his money and squashed Tesla - the world would be a better place with less Edison and more Tesla.
02:09 PM on 07/08/2011
In the winter, we replace most of the CFL's in the house with incandescents. We use lights more in the winter and we like the glow of the incandescents more than that of the CFL's during the darker winter days. The portion of the energy given off as heat is used to heat the house. Basically 100% efficiency...light and heat when you need both.
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Rick Daley
09:53 AM on 07/08/2011
I disagree. I think he would have publicly electrocuted an elephant in an attempt to preserve his own ideals and direct shock and outrage at his competitors.
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spriddler
09:27 AM on 07/08/2011
"There are plenty of alternatives on the market to choose from. Isn't that the American way?"

Choosing would be the American way. Banning a popular product is certainly not.

If people make lighting products that are preferable to customers over traditional incandescent bulbs, can be sold at an attractive price, and are ecologically sound/energy efficient Congress won't need to lift a finger. Forcing people to buy an inferior or much more expensive product is distinctly un-American.
03:10 PM on 07/09/2011
so.........why the law against patent medicines? they were populat with the people that were addicted to them!
Carry your arguement to it's logical conclusion--- gov. should never do anything you diaspprove of--even if it benefits all of us!
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spriddler
09:21 AM on 07/11/2011
That is not the logical conclusion at all. I don't think the government should be in the practice of banning products for reasons outside of protecting public safety.
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ssb752
Married to Betty Jo Bialosky (Nancy)
08:39 AM on 07/08/2011
The fact that this is even an issue or discussion goes to show how much influence the producers of energy in general, and electricity in particular, have over politicians and their media sidekicks. A lot of comsumables go into boiling water to make most electricity. When it comes to oil, remember the message is "less dependence on foreign oil," not less dependence on oil. Drill, baby, drill, mine, baby, mine, pump, baby, pump, burn, baby, burn, consume, baby, consume, buy, baby, buy.
dhodge
Atheist Libertarian, No god, No gov't.
07:24 AM on 07/08/2011
Hire Nick Tesla.... That's what I'm guessing Tommy would do!...
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PTAOfficerforObama
It's arithmetic, stupid
08:36 AM on 07/08/2011
HA! He tried to but he wanted to take credit for Tesla's work and Tesla wasn't too keen on that.
09:26 AM on 07/08/2011
steal his ideas, pass them off as his own, pay next to nothing for it and then ruin his career, allowing him to die destitute. yup.
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homer winslow
Truth in Beauty, Beauty in Truth
10:59 AM on 07/08/2011
That is truly the American way, if you are a republican that is.
04:46 AM on 07/08/2011
The danger of flourescent bulbs is when they break inside your living space and contaminate things like carpeting and food that children roll around on and/or eat. Even small amounts of mercury have a huge effect on the brain (killing the cells of it) once it gets into the body. That risk alone is enough to make using incandescents a better choice in many situations.

Also, the author made the absurd claim that the law doesn't take away peoples' ability to get incandesent bulbs. "One red-herring is that an over-reaching Big Government is taking away our beloved incandescent bulb. Not true. Consumers can continue choosing from an array of more modern, energy efficient bulbs, including halogen incandescents, compact fluorescents (CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs.) " All of those are not incandescent bulbs. Taking away incandescent bulbs is EXACTLY what the act does.
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JohnTheMac
Now, why don't you go home and get your shine box?
07:49 AM on 07/08/2011
We've had fluorescent bulbs for almost 100 years. BIG ones too! In offices, homes, shopping centers, etc. Where was all the concern?
Also, if the CF bulb fell on carpeting, it's unlikely it would break, so it sounds like a scare story it is.
And when the child playing in the toxic carpeting gets a cavity, what do you think it gets filled with?
08:41 AM on 07/11/2011
There was the same concern. But there was never any effort before to outlaw the alternatives. Bulbs can break and then spill out onto the carpet, like if they land on a table or something.
I hope you don't give your kids mercury fillings. I also hope you don't actually think that playing on a carpet can cause cavities.
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Jim Milks
Ecologist
10:05 AM on 07/08/2011
Mercury has multiple forms. Elemental mercury (found in CFLs) is the least toxic form. Methyl-mercury (formed by burning coal in coal-fired power plants) is the most neurotoxic form. So really, it comes down to a choice: do you go with lightbulbs that contain ~0.4 mg of elemental mercury in them and create the equivalent of 1.2 mg of methyl-mercury over their lifespan or do you go with lightbulbs that do not contain elemental mercury but create the equivalent of 5.8 mg methyl-mercury over their lifespans.

As for costs of CFLs vs incandescent, when you include operational costs and replacement costs, CFLs are cheaper than incandescent despite their greater upfront costs.

See:
http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/cfl-vs-incandescent-battle-of-the-bulb

http://www.easywebcalculators.com/cf.htm
08:42 AM on 07/11/2011
Its not about the total quantity of mercury, its about where its located. Direct contact with mercury is about 100% damaging than having mercury in another location where it doesnt touch you, like sequestered in the ground.
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lrobb
Gold Standard = four paws and a tail
03:33 AM on 07/08/2011
The major problem as I see it is one of cost. The government is removing a useful product which costs about 50 cents a unit and requiring us to substitute something costing almost 10 times as much. Average consumers can also do the math, and they don't like the new total.

At such time as new efficient bulbs cost the same as incandescent and can be trashed without special handling the government is welcome to mandate their use. Until then it is just another federal overreach.
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bigmadd
Retired Teamster & Vet USN
09:01 AM on 07/08/2011
I lived in California during those rolling black outs and watched my gas and electric bills soar through the roof. One of the fist things I did was replace the incandescent light bulbs in my house among other things like wrapping the hot water tank etc. With the efforts on my part I was able to greatly reduce my cost. I now live in a all electric house in Missouri and still do the same things I did when I lived in California and my electric bills a alot cheaper so I more than make up the cost of buying the CF bulbs, And the light in my house at night is better and easyer on your eyes.
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lrobb
Gold Standard = four paws and a tail
09:49 AM on 07/08/2011
The problem is one of complexity. As you stand in front of the light bulb display you must remember what your electric company charges per killowatt hour and whether or not you are in their discount period, at what amount of usage a surcharge kicks in, etc.

Then you have to convert the wattage on the bulb to killowatt hours and try to determine where the bulb might be used and for how long each day. Then you look up the average lifespan per each bulb.

Or, if you are a normal human, you buy the cheapest thing that will work.

I have replaced every single bulb in my house with CFL as they burned out and kept track of the cost of our lightbulbs over the last three years. My cost in 2010 was almost 6 times my cost in 2006 and I have noticed almost no difference in the numbers of killowatt hours I use. Not to mention my electric company has raised its rates every year and I am paying considerably more than I did in 2006.

Frankly, I would prefer to just go back to the old bulbs. Since I live in SC and our state legislature has OKed production of incandescent bulbs for manufacutre and sale within the state I will get to do this for the forseeable future.
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Jim Milks
Ecologist
09:55 AM on 07/08/2011
You are obsessing over the up-front costs. If you include operational costs, operational lifespan, and replacement costs, CFLs are cheaper than incandescent (see http://www.easywebcalculators.com/cf.htm). As for mercury, yes, CFLs do have a small amount of elemental mercury in them and require special disposal (which is free from many retailers, including Home Depot). However, CFLs decrease emissions of methyl-mercury from coal-fired power plants, which is the most neurotoxic form of mercury. See http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/cfl-vs-incandescent-battle-of-the-bulb

No matter how you want to argue it, the facts show that switching to more energy-efficient bulbs (such as CFLs) makes economic and environmental sense.
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gurukalehuru
cwtc7
03:21 AM on 07/08/2011
Everything should be recycled. That's just the way garbage should be disposed of. It could be a hell of a jobs program, too.
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Rational Thought Plz
Is the Micro Bio Half
01:27 AM on 07/08/2011
If you've been highly disappointed with CFLs in the past, try an LED bulb. I prefer the ones with a white diffuser so it feels like an incandescent, but only uses 1. 8watts. Totally worth the expensive price per bulb.
01:15 AM on 07/08/2011
The people that complain about the light from non-incandescent bulbs remind me of the audiophiles that complained about transistors in the mid 1960s. The complaint then was that transistor circuitry removed the warmth from the sound, i.e., the 60 Hz hum from the filaments was gone.

Giving away my age again, huh?
mikiao
Empty my micro-bio is.
10:34 AM on 07/08/2011
Or the people who complain about the lack of pops and clicks on CDs.
Bah...my grandparents hate CDs because they don't have that extra noise like the records do.