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David Freeman

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Are Politicians Psychopaths?

Posted: 08/27/2012 2:37 pm

It's no secret that politicians can be driven by outsized egos. I mean, who among us really thinks he or she deserves a seat in Congress -- or a desk in the Oval Office?

But can egotism alone explain why so many elected officials seem to get caught telling lies, having affairs, committing financial improprieties or engaging in other scandalous behavior? Not everyone is convinced that it can, and some in the blogosphere have gone so far as to wonder if bad-boy (and bad girl) politicians are actually psychopaths. And a recent article in The Atlantic asks of these pundits:

Could they be right? If these pundits mean that the targeted office-seekers are evil or "crazy," probably not. But if they are pointing out that politicians and psychopaths share certain characteristics, they could be on to something.
Just what does it mean to be a psychopath? Turns out psychopathy isn't a formal psychiatric diagnosis but a term first popularized by Medical College of Georgia psychiatrist Hervey Cleckley in his 1941 classic The Mask Of Sanity. Psychopaths seem superficially normal but tend to be cold-hearted, lacking in empathy, egocentric, manipulative, irresponsible, and antisocial. Or, as a 2007 Scientific American article put it:
Superficially charming, psychopaths tend to make a good first impression on others and often strike observers as remarkably normal. Yet they are self-centered, dishonest and undependable, and at times they engage in irresponsible behavior for no apparent reason other than the sheer fun of it... Psychopaths routinely offer excuses for their reckless and often outrageous actions, placing blame on others instead.
Hmm. That description could probably describe more than a few politicians -- though you and I might not agree on whom to nominate for psychopath status. But before indulging in any armchair analysis, I reached out to Dr. Martha Stout. A clinical psychologist who was long affiliated with Harvard Medical School, she's the author of The Sociopath Next Door and other popular books on emotional disorders (including a forthcoming text that explores the link between emotional disorders and politics). By the way, Dr. Stout tends to use the term sociopath instead of psychopath, explaining to me that the terms are often used interchangeably by mental health professionals.

Anyway, when I asked Dr. Stout if there's any truth to the contention that politicians are more likely to be psychopaths, she said in an email that no solid statistics were available to prove or disprove the hypothesis. Yet despite the lack of proof, she gave a surprisingly definitive answer to my question:
Yes, politicians are more likely than people in the general population to be sociopaths. I think you would find no expert in the field of sociopathy/psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder who would dispute this... That a small minority of human beings literally have no conscience was and is a bitter pill for our society to swallow -- but it does explain a great many things, shamelessly deceitful political behavior being one.

At one time, she continued, the terms psychopath and sociopath conjured up image of mass murderers and serial killers. "As it turns out, the majority of sociopaths/psychopaths never kill anyone with their own hands, nor do they end up in prison," she said. "A smart sociopath can avoid prison and find other, less conspicuous ways to satisfy his or her lust for dominating and controlling others, and what better way than through politics and big business?"

Which politicians deserve to be labeled sociopaths? Dr. Stout was reluctant to name names of living politicos, saying it would be unethical to do so. But she told me in the email, "I think most experts would agree that Hitler, Pol Pot, Nicolae Ceausescu and the like were sociopaths. But a leader certainly does not have to be an infamous dictator to be sociopathic." In fact, she said, sociopaths often are extremely charismatic. They may not feel "higher emotions" like love and guilt, they may not have actual consciences, but they study those of us who do -- and simply pretend.

Some have hypothesized that there are times when we want our leaders to be cold and calculating and even deceitful -- for example, in times of crisis or when our national security is at stake. But for the most part, it would seem to me a very bad thing when we elect men and women who feel they can say anything and do anything and damn the consequences.

What's a concerned citizen to do? Dr. Stout offered a not-so-modest proposal: along with releasing their tax returns and medical records (and, sometimes, birth certificates), maybe political candidates should be asked to prove their psychological fitness before their names go on the ballot. Though psychopaths can apparently fool even skilled psychiatrists into thinking they're normal, Dr. Stout maintains that standardized psychological tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (and someday maybe brain scans) might be able to tip voters off to candidates who exhibit worrisome personality traits.

"I'm not sure that we will do this," she said of psychological testing of politicians. "But given the stakes, it might be a decent idea."

If psychological testing really could distinguish great leaders from destructive creeps, it's an idea that gets my vote. What do you think? If you'd like to join the discussion, please leave me a comment.

 

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01:35 PM on 10/17/2012
Thank you. I've been interested in psychopathy for a while but never put two and two together until I read Robert Hare's "Without Conscience" last year (I realize you're supposed to underline or italicize book titles, but I don't have that capability here). I've been trying to explain to people how many of the public figures they vote for and probably think are great leaders are psychopaths, but cognitive dissonance makes that very difficult. I would say brain scans are the only way to detect them, when researchers can identify the difference between a normal brain and a sociopathic brain of course. The reason is that if normal psychopaths can fool a psychiatrist during an assessment, how well can a sociopath with so many resources and a good PR department do it?
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candoworker
I was a dolphin in a former life
04:48 PM on 09/17/2012
I found the following website extremely helpful when looking at politicians.

http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/15850/1/Characteristics-of-a-Sociopath.html

The characteristics and explanations provide a pretty good checklist. I'm not too worried if a candidate displays one or two charactistics, but when a candidate displays the majority, there is no way I would vote for the person.

Given the ability to find and research all that is out on the Internet, I find it difficult to use "the ignorant voter" as a viable excuse for not being informed.

Here are some sites to help:
http://www.govtrack.us/
http://www.politifact.com/subjects/pundits/
http://votesmart.org/
http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp
03:55 PM on 09/16/2012
Our major political and financial/industrial figures are indeed murderous psychopaths.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cruzecon
06:05 PM on 09/13/2012
The MMPI might be a good requirement for higher office. I am not sure how that fits into the Constitution however. I think the later 25th amendment that provides for a determination of the soundness of the President for making decisions might be used as a preemptive requirement.
12:15 AM on 09/13/2012
An easier question would be: How many politicians aren't psychopaths?
08:08 AM on 09/07/2012
if sociopathy -the anti-social personality disorder- is a genetic disease, that effects society in terrible ways. Why haven't we who are not sociopaths done something about this?

Why are the people -who suffer this horrible genetic/psycho/social pathology in government, in the media, in education, in corporate board rooms.. on the pulpit?

It is clear to me they should not be there, but they are!

Should they be screened out of these important social positions?

I think there are two main problems humanity has not faced up to.

Limiting the rights of people with specific genetic pathologies.

And teaching the public about this problem... which in effect will identify anti-social personality disorders as undesirables...

I believe the Psychological, and Sociological Communities, are confused themselves, and are failing in bringing this major problem to the congress for legislation help.

All powers and authorities of government come from the collective conscience of the governed, the people. When in the jury, the congress, the senate, the supreme court, when voting you must vote your conscience otherwise our Constitutional Federated Democratic Republic -limited and restricted by a bill of human rights- will fail.

The right to life, the right to our own conscience, and the right to free speech, are primary and fundamental to the functioning of society.

But what about pathological conscience and the resulting pathological influence, and pathological speech and the damage it does to our society and human civilization.
01:32 PM on 10/17/2012
The reason people aren't more aware of it is cognitive dissonance.
07:44 AM on 09/07/2012
I believe I see natural born sociopaths, attracted to each other, cheering each other on, villainizing and demeaning those who have a fully functioning conscience. I also see them hijacking "freedom and liberty" and turning it into freedom and liberty for them to do what they want, when they want, to whom ever they want, freedom and liberty to be unconscionable, freedom and liberty from laws and regulation, freedom and liberty from social conscience.

I am not surprised that unconscionable people see conscience as an attack on their freedom and liberty.

I believe American Style Capitalism, and GOP neoCon agenda and zionist agenda is heavily influenced by sociopathic tactics and agenda.

I also see American international politics, and especially American International Nuclear Politics, reeking of unconscionable tactics and agenda.

That is why I say, We are living in America's Hideous Epoch, The Rise of the Sociopaths.
01:31 AM on 09/07/2012
1-4 out of every 100, is a genetically determined -natural born sociopath.

no amount of socialization -normal growing up-, therapy or medicine will help them form a fully functional social conscience... their genes fail to wire the brain for a conscience.

According to the latest psychiatric diagnostic manual these people are genetically determined to be sociopaths, suffering "anti-social personality disorder"

It is a genetic disease, that causes a physiological miss wiring in the brain, with very negative effects in all social relationships in which the sociopath participates.

in short, it is a genetic/psycho/social disease with no cure.

the defect effects the psyche of the person -no social conscience-
01:31 AM on 09/07/2012
When calling this disease a genetic/psycho/social disease, I use the word psycho, as referring to the psychology of the person, or effecting the person's psyche.

so the problem is in the genes, manifests in the brain, creating huge social disturbances..

I make a differentiation between sociopath, and psychopath.

The psychopath is a far worse and dangerous condition.

The sociopath is not as severe disturbance.

When I talk about sociopaths, or natural born sociopaths I am not talking about psychopaths.

I offer this operational definition of "sociopath", one who often uses unconscionable tactics to accomplish unconscionable agenda.

there are two broad catagories... natural born genetic/psycho/social pathology.

and a much milder, acquired sociopathy.. the person has the wiring for a conscience and in fact has one, but their are "holes" in their conscience due to a failure in their personal socialization process.. they are not yet fully socialized... treatment can fill the holes.. a longer socialization process can eventually fill the holes.

It is the natural born sociopath that I focus on..

It is my opinion that natural born sociopaths need to be kept out of government, and out of international politics, especially international nuclear politics.

At the present time, our US Government, and the Israeli Government show no interest nor do they have the means to keep natural born sociopaths out of government.

Limit the rights? of natural born sociopaths, I say we must!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cruzecon
06:28 PM on 09/13/2012
Actually some tests for these conditions and others are part of security clearance screenings for higher level clearance. There should be a broader requirement both for civilians and military to undergo a thorough psychological screening before being granted any kind of security clearance, in effect barring people identified with these tendencies from joining the military in certain specialties. I am not sure how this would affect recruiting. We have a lot of troops coming home with psychological trauma precisely because they have a conscience that has a strong sense of right and wrong. In that regard allowing sociopaths to serve is necessary. We need killers during wartime it is sad to say and they will still need to be honored for serving. On the civilian side, even Senators and Congressmen need a security clearance to serve in some committees and posts. The requirements in place for the foreign service should be applied to every level of government. These are a few thoughts on the matter.
10:22 AM on 09/14/2012
A security background check, is to create a portfolio, their history, medical, marriage, criminal, political affiliations also psychological interview in certain positions. However I question if there is an effective means of detecting a natural born sociopath... this kind of problem requires getting to know the person over time.. A short interview is easy for them to slip through unnoticed. Generally it takes an interviewer well trained on the identification of natural born sociopaths. One out of twenty five are NBS look around you, do you think you know who they are? Most people can not identify them.

So an American runs for political office.... where in that process does NBS detection keep him out of office. There is none.

Identification of the NBS is a developing technology.. a Functional MRI Brain Scan is one way to make a positive ID, highly skilled interview and testing ay miss a few. A Genetic Test -it is a genetic pathology- still needs to be developed.

There is nothing at the present time to keep natural born sociopaths out of public office. The proof is to simply look into the GOP principals..

Where if ever was a natural born anti-social personality disorder disqualified for the senate or the house or VP or SupremeCourt or President?

it has never happened... maybe on a corruption or ethics violation -after the fact- but never for being a natural born sociopath.
05:52 PM on 09/02/2012
People generally don't seem to grasp the problem. Here is a great documentary by Dr. Robert Hare, PhD. and his colleagues on the problem at: http://youtu.be/KUbjaI3X5Qk People who are diagnosable as "Psychopath" have Defective processing ocuring in their Brains. This is a Physiological defect, and as such, it Is NOT treatable with medication or other 'therapeutic' approaches like CBT. This Physiological problem primarily prevents them from processing Emotions as other people do; which is directly responsible for their lack of empathy, remorse, or guilt over any of their actions towards The Welfare Of Others. This Means You. The Constituent. Even the field of Neuroscience is discussing the same threat the Individuals present. http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2001/11/fighting-mad-leader-disease Since we routinely require Commercial Airline pilots, the FBI, and CIA candidates to undergo "security level" examinations; then WHY wouldn't we require "security" screenings for politicians who decide the fates of Millions of Human Lives? It allows a breach of National Defenses from the Inside. The Military are well warned to watch out for "The Enemy Within," maybe we, the Citizens, should become more informed and active in protecting our Country. Voting a Psychopath into office when we have the ability to prevent them (from political positions) through security screenings, makes US citizens responsible! We are the Negligent ones, when we know better and we still chose to turn a blind eye.
12:48 AM on 08/31/2012
Here is a perfect example of psychopathy in action: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/south-africa-miners-charged_n_1843199.html?utm_hp_ref=world

Sit down with a good strong cup of something for your nerves and be prepared to read the whole thing; double checking to see that you really have it straight; that the authorities really did and said as reported.

Of course the South Africans are gutsy people: we could never go that far — could we? Not yet!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cruzecon
07:16 PM on 09/13/2012
Just having something called the common purpose law is proof enough it was the product not just of sociopaths but of sadists who know how the law will be applied.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
whirlpool
founder walnut tree congregation
11:46 AM on 08/29/2012
YES!!!!
Chigirl60
You Get What You Tolerate
10:49 AM on 08/29/2012
No formal screening, please. I'm sick of digging into everyone's underwear drawer to find out who they really are, as if that's where all the facts are hidden. Thanks to the amazing way information flows in this century, the life of any adult seeking public office is out there and often gives good clues as to his or her character. Romney stuck his dog in a cage on the roof of his car for 12 hours while he drove at a high rate of speed. That is relevant to me, despite the countless members of his party that tell me it's not because it was a dog, or it was a long time ago, or Fido liked it, or whatever. Todd Akin doesn't understand basic human reproduction and promotes legislation based on his ignorance, yet he's still being supported by his party. I read that message loud and clear. The problem isn't with the politicians; it's with the electorate.
10:02 AM on 09/08/2012
Blame the uninformed, blame the victim,

That is what the sociopaths try to make you believe.

They are trying to make you believe having no social conscience is superior, the promote each others sociopathy and are pushing to make it the new "ism" the desired cultural and national persona and philosophy aligned very closely Ayn Rand's philosophy of supreme selfishness and low social conscience and responsibility.
Chigirl60
You Get What You Tolerate
11:46 AM on 09/09/2012
Sad, isn't it?
06:24 PM on 09/16/2012
I personally believe the problem does lie with politicians and the electorate (which was probably devised by a psychopath trying to secure a sure win). Now that I think about it, maybe the civil engineers who design highway exit and on ramps are psychopaths too. Just a musing. I believe you can't trust the majority of politicians as far as you can throw one. Just look at how the politicians have the general public believing that our major budget concerns are Medicare/caid, Soc Sec and welfare recipients. Let's blame it all on the ones that have the least means of fighting back; Whose votes mean the least (to politicians). Our budget woes lie with much bigger budget eaters than Medicare/caid, Soc Sec, and welfare. We pay into the Medicare (and Soc Sec) system all of our work lives. Medicare A may be "free", but it only covers hospitalization. Each person has to pay out of pocket for parts B, C & D, or other insurance s/he chooses. The billions of dollars in welfare to other countries could be used to right our programs. Frauds need to be routed. An illegal immigrant can go to a welfare office with their bogus Soc Sec cards and get everything! Soc Sec cards are not checked at the welfare office. Politicians have deflected us from the real problems. Corporations are now entities. Our rights are carefully and meticulously being eroded. How much longer before corporations will be blatantly running "our" government?
06:00 AM on 08/29/2012
Dear Mr. Freeman: MY PARAGRAPH FOR ED - I started observing and studying "Alpha Males" in 1974, near middle age but silently gave up, what in 1960 had been a passion for intellect and honor, as well as math, music and science, rather than "Sell Out" to "THEM" in 1980!

Now, a bit before I die, this issue seems to be ready for consideration. But it has never been hidden, only cleverly marginalized. I found after sixty years, there is only one way to beat "THEM". Time!
Or as Churchill said about his enemies, outlive them. They will eventually, like a pack of isolated rats, eat themselves. And I think "They have gone about as "furr" as they can go" (Will in Oklahoma).

Of course the downside is, the rest of us never got our promised "Golden Parachutes".

Have you considered *the Socrates - Protagoras "Sophist Debate", or *Niebuhr's "Cool Ones, or *Freud-Jung "Oceanic vs. Pragmatic Feelings", or *Emerson vs. Thoreau "Liberal Angst of Freedom vs. Fate", or more clinical, *Isabel Myers-Briggs data on JUDGING vs. PERCEPTION vs "Passion/Temper vs. Pragmatic", and most especially, one of my most honored humans, *John Deans "Conservatives Without a Conscience" with his friend, Prof. Altemeyer and book on "AUTHORITARIANS", specifically his "Bombshell", "The Night the Authoritarians Took Over the World"?

If you are interested, please email me at backpack@voyager.net, but I am not a "Six Degree" Social Animal. Only available on the "lookinglass" or at lookingglassstudio.net

Sincerely, The BackPacker
 
10:40 PM on 08/28/2012
Voter saneness verification might be a more urgent need.
10:19 AM on 09/08/2012
We are talking about social conscience and social responsibility, and social citizenship, and social duty... Not personal sanity.