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Is the Bible True?

Posted: 04/01/11 08:09 PM ET

Wait! Don't answer that question too quickly. If you do, you'll likely judge the Bible's veracity by categories established 1,500 years after it was written. Perhaps I should explain.

Disillusioned by the religious fervor that fed the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), the early architects of what would later be called the Enlightenment demanded that all claims about the natural world be verified by the exercise of human reason rather than dogmatic pronouncement. In doing so, they distinguished between values (things one may believe but can't prove) and facts (things one can, and therefore should, prove). For these early modernists, both values and facts represented truth claims, but each of a different order. Over time, however, rationally verified facts -- and the scientific method to which they led -- became so productive and influential that it wasn't all that long until notions of truth became associated almost exclusively with facts.

This preference for facts over values created a crisis for many religious traditions during the 19th and early 20th centuries as biblical scholars, embracing the rational-critical methods of scientific, historical and archeological study, realized that many of the descriptions and claims of the Bible did not withstand critical scrutiny. The sun, as it turned out, did not revolve around the earth, and the world was not created in seven days. Moreover, it became apparent that not only did the Bible provide unreliable historical and scientific information but the biblical writers also often contradicted each other. In Matthew, Mark and Luke, for instance, Jesus drives the money changers from the Temple in Jerusalem shortly before his crucifixion and dies on Passover. In contrast, according to John, Jesus clears the Temple at the beginning of his ministry and is crucified on the day before Passover.

The dubious nature of biblical "history" and "science" and the multiple discrepancies among the four evangelists led to a great schism in Christianity, each side assuming that truth is equated unequivocally with facts. On the liberal side of the divide, scholars concluded that because the Bible was not factually accurate it was in a profound sense not true. Witness, for instance, Bart Ehrman's recent post on who wrote the Bible (and, for that matter, his entire literary career). Conservatives, on the other hand, asserting that the Bible was obviously true, concluded that it therefore must be factually accurate. Hence, they have written tomes that rival the Bible itself in length that engage in intellectual gymnastics in order to iron out all the "so-called" discrepancies in Scripture.

Both sides, however, miss the literary nature and intent of the Bible as stated within its own pages. Take for example Luke, who in his introduction acknowledges that he is not an eye-witness to the events he recounts but depends on multiple other stories about Jesus. He writes what he calls "an orderly account" so that his audience may believe and trust the teaching they have received (Luke 1:1-4). Or consider John, who near the end of his gospel comes clean about carefully arranging stories of Jesus so as to persuade his readers that Jesus is the messiah (John 20:30-31). The gospels -- and, indeed, all of Scripture -- do not seek to prove but to persuade. And so John, convinced that Jesus is "the lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world" (1:29), portrays Jesus as clearing the Temple of money changers at the very outset of his ministry because he, himself, is God's sacrifice. Similarly, Jesus dies on the Day of Preparation at the exact moment the Passover lambs are slaughtered. John's aim is thoroughly theological, not historical.

For this reason, the Bible is filled with testimony, witness, confession and even propaganda. Does it contain some reliable historical information? Of that there is little doubt. Yet, whenever we stumble upon "verifiable facts" -- a notion largely foreign to ancient writers -- we should keep in mind that the biblical authors deployed them not to make a logical argument but rather to persuade their audiences of a larger "truth" that cannot be proved in a laboratory but is finally accepted or not accepted based on its ability to offer a compelling story about the meaning and purpose of the world, God, humanity and everything in between. To attempt to determine whether the Bible is "true" based only on its factual accuracy is therefore to make a profound category mistake, judging its contents by standards its authors were neither cognizant of nor interested in.

By way of illustration, recall for a moment the scene from Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction when the two main characters, Jules and Vincent, argue over how to explain what happened when a drug dealer unloaded his handgun at them at close range but missed them entirely. Vincent (played by John Travolta) believes it's a freak occurrence. Jules (played by Samuel L. Jackson) considers it a miracle. Jules' defense of his judgment bears closely on our discussion. In response to Vincent's assertion that what happened didn't qualify as physically "impossible" and therefore could not be considered miraculous, Jules says, "You're judging this the wrong way. It's not about what. It could be God stopped the bullets, he changed Coke into Pepsi, he found my ... car keys. You don't judge shit like this based on merit. Whether or not what we experienced was an according-to-Hoyle miracle is insignificant. What is significant is that I felt God's touch. God got involved."

Jules' sense of the criteria necessary to assess truth is far closer to that of the biblical writers than that of not only Vincent but also both contemporary liberals and conservatives alike, as he asserts that the ultimate criteria of truth isn't factual accuracy but a compelling, even transformative witness. Clearly there are many ways to answer the question of whether the Bible is true. If you are interested primarily in its factual accuracy, then your options are clear and you might as well pick a side. If, however, you're interested in a way out of the stalemate and false dichotomy of the present conservative-liberal debate, then you might join Jules in putting the matter differently. When you read the Bible, that is, do you feel God's touch? Does God get involved?

OK, now you can answer the question.

David Lose, author of Making Sense of Scripture, holds the Marbury Anderson Chair in Biblical Preaching at Luther Seminary.

 
 
 
Wait! Don't answer that question too quickly. If you do, you'll likely judge the Bible's veracity by categories established 1,500 years after it was written. Perhaps I should explain. Disillusioned b...
Wait! Don't answer that question too quickly. If you do, you'll likely judge the Bible's veracity by categories established 1,500 years after it was written. Perhaps I should explain. Disillusioned b...
 
 
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06:52 PM on 04/09/2011
Why does this particular subject matter at this website attract so many people who make rude put- down type comments? I guess this site reasons that this subject matter provides a playground for so many of its users to come to and unleash their sense of superiority against anyone who believes in the Bible ot the BIble itself, because frankly I see no other reason for such an overwhileming majority of these articles chosen by the editor of this area to be slanted as they are--the content at the religion area of this site as regards Christainity is overwhleminly attacking or taking pot shots against it. Rarely ever have I seen articles posted by anyone from a non-liberal view point. Well this post probably won't see the light of day, but felf like expressing my view anyway,
08:16 PM on 04/09/2011
actually if you state your view probably wont see the light of day to prove their 'tolerance' they may post it. funny
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FoxReincarnated
Red Ninja Warrior
01:36 PM on 04/09/2011
The bible is not a histroy book. Look into a real history book about life in that time and place. Bethlehem was a graveyard in the time Jesus supposedly was born there.

As for true, Im not an ex christian for nothing. Greek, Norse and Egyptian mythology holds more truth than the bible, thats a fact!
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FoxReincarnated
Red Ninja Warrior
01:30 PM on 04/09/2011
As for true, Im not an ex christian for nothing. Greek, Norse and Egyptian mythology holds more truth than the bible, thats a fact!
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FoxReincarnated
Red Ninja Warrior
01:29 PM on 04/09/2011
The bible is not a histroy book. Look into a real history book about life in that time and place. Bethlehem was a graveyard in the time Jesus supposedly was born there.
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johnb123
All I ask..just be reasonable....do things my way
01:44 PM on 04/09/2011
You know nothing about history then. Compare people, places and events in the bible. Than compare them to history.
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Mr Ruthless
I can smell your BS
01:12 AM on 04/10/2011
Spiderman lived in NYC, NYC is a real place, but it doesn't mean Spiderman exists.
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FoxReincarnated
Red Ninja Warrior
02:46 PM on 04/09/2011
You just implied that snakes and donkeys talk, and Moses parted the sea. Whales cat swallow people, and Ive yet to see a Necromancer. Also, If Jesus bringing the dead to life is true, thats considered dark magic. You win the prize for world's biggest sucker!
08:43 AM on 04/09/2011
Is the Bible true? It says that God created man in His image. The truth is that man created God in man's image. Everything else stems from that, whether we are speaking of values or historical fact.
12:50 AM on 04/09/2011
When I read the Bible, I feel something alright. I feel the genocidal, war mongering Almighty, who commands the Jewish armies to slaughter their enemies, but keep the virgin girls for themselves. The rage of the Almighty as he drowns every man, woman, child and beast on the planet in a homicidal fit. I feel the intolerance against those who would choose not to believe in Yahweh, and that of course, they must be killed. I feel that shellfish are an abomination, and that I must detest their carcasses. I feel that Lucifer, once an angel subordinate to God, was kicked out of heaven, only to rise up as God's equal to tempt Eve with Knowledge, which God being omniscient, knew would happen before he ever created the world. I feel how God had no choice but to rape a Middle Eastern woman with ghost sperm, so he could be born and then die, to save us from the sins he put on us in the first place, knowing all along that all of this would transpire as he is omniscient. I feel the burning flesh of humans, roasted alive by the parties of God as the Church burned witches, warlocks and heretics. I feel the point of the Christian sword at my throat, the rack breaking my spine and my life snuffed out by priests during the Inquisition.

Oh I feel something all right.
11:30 PM on 04/08/2011
Nope.
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Nabil Muhammad
12:20 PM on 04/08/2011
Now, if Author can just please explain how "God's touch" feels like (?)
06:35 PM on 04/07/2011
Totally irrelevant.

The issue is not whether the bible is true or not true. It doesn't matter if someone "feels" it is true or not true. The issue is that the monotheists take their texts as "inspired by god" or even "the word of god". It isn't. If god were almighty, omniscient and just, how could she be so incompetent?

So given that what is written in these scripts is just the opinions of men, why do religious insist on imposing their interpretation of these texts upon those who consider them nonsense? That is the problem with the bibles. That is the problem with religions. The "liberal-conservative debate" is irrelevant. The belief that any of these tomes have anything to do with the supernatural is less the problem than the activism of their adherents to reform the world according to their confused messages.
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gal416
is a Bible verse † † †
06:16 PM on 04/07/2011
Not if hell is your final destination.
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owlafaye
Love, laugh, be happy and free, God is dead
11:13 AM on 04/08/2011
The fear gambit eh gal416? If they don't believe your foolishness, threaten them with Hell...laughter. Works on a few people suffering from false guilt but not on intelligent, clear thinking, rational beings.

gal416 spends a lot on Windex...but its not her eyes folks...its her mind thats cloudy...laughter
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maatpublish
writer, publisher, producer, & social commentator
05:45 PM on 04/07/2011
The Christian bible is no more or less true than any other sacred text. This would include the Vedic texts, the Torah, the Koran, the Enochian texts.. Why does one "Word of God" have to be the end-all be all" ? I personally wish that there was more reading of the sacred texts of others and interfaith work that was going on in the world. There would be far fewer arguments and perhaps a little more understanding and acceptance between peoples of different faiths if there were.

In the end, the only one who can judge what is more true for you in matters of faith and religion is the person who professes and practices that faith.
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johnb123
All I ask..just be reasonable....do things my way
03:31 AM on 04/08/2011
It isn't? What sets the bible a part from others is prophecy. The Jews are back in the land. That was a major sign.
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04:16 AM on 04/08/2011
It's not the first time they are "back in their land".

There isn't a single prophesy in the Bible that could not have been vaguely dreamed up by a bronze-age mud farmer. None of them talk about germ theory, electromagnetism, planetary formation, calculus or anything else that would have actually mattered. Instead, we get interpretive dances about temples and promised lands. Earthshaking.
06:17 PM on 04/08/2011
How often have Jews been back in the land? How long have they been there since the last time? ~70 years and before that and before that and before that? What is your point?

Eventually people return. Eventually there is a fire.Eventually there are pests. Eventually there are floods. Eventually there are famines. Eventually is "eventually". The whole topic lacks intellectual rigor.

Let me ask you how often the religious sects have predicted the end of the world and the return of Christ? Hundreds of times? Far more than that. I guess the signs are ubiquitous and it takes the reading of tea leaves and the great Probability Machine to figure it out.
05:43 PM on 04/07/2011
Jules has a weak argument though. He presents no evidence God stopped the bullets. If you don't have evidence for to support your belief then you should re-evaluate your belief, not profess it as true.
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Yvonne Serocki
wellness is inspired
04:42 PM on 04/07/2011
I answered the question at www.newheavenonearth.wordpress.com as it is too long to post here. Read the last two posts, as I broke the answer into two parts as it was so long. The two parts are: Is the bible true? and What is the word of God. Read it and comment here on Huffington Post, as I am very interested in your comments, feedback, reflections, and thoughts!
09:15 PM on 04/08/2011
You wrote on your blog: "So the answer to the question 'Is the bible true?' is: a) yes, b)no, c)both yes and no, and d) neither yes or no! All of these are true! However, I believe we are asking the wrong question."

Are you serious? The Bible IS true, IS NOT true, IS and IS NOT true, neither? Really?

You do see the irrationality of your position, do you not? You seem to have developed a catch-all explanation for the Bible, an explanation as malleable as the supposed "truth" contained in the Bible.

And why is it the wrong question? Is it because saying it's the wrong question is the easiest way to avoid facing the reality that the Bible is purely the work of fallible human beings whose inspiration for writing came not from God but from their beliefs about God? Is it the wrong question because so much of what we know about the world today demonstrates the fallibility of the Bible and its authors, and, thus, defending it as true presents an obvious affront to reason, and you don't want to be seen as unreasonable?
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Yvonne Serocki
wellness is inspired
02:23 PM on 04/09/2011
The answers are different depending on your level of consciousness, or conscious awareness. Things of the Spirit are contained, for most people, in the higher unconscious (meaning they are hidden from your ordinary, normal state of consciousness). The so-called evil, hateful, angry, resentful, unwanted, disowned parts of ourselves are hidden in the lower unconscious and are triggered by comments on the Huffington Post site when something is presented that is not in your CONSCIOUS awareness. It creates a discord, or stress within your psyche and to feel better you must project the hidden unconscious unwanted feeling out to the person or thing you blame for your own hidden discomfort or pain. I understand your pain. I used to be there, suffering with everyone else. I am free now. Free to flow seamlessly from ordinary normal consciousness to higher Spiritual consciousness to the lower unconscious and bring it to the light so I can continue to heal from the past. This is what we are doing here: bringing the light to the places within us that were darkened from conditioning, mistruths, and control from those who sought power over us.
04:24 PM on 04/07/2011
The one thing I fail to understand is the extreme hatred of Christianity. If you believe in the resurrected Jesus, why should another hate you so? I guess the same people are full of hate and need something to direct their hate at. When I was younger these same people hated Dr. Martin Luther King for being a Christian and trying to bring people together. that is my take and if you are so inclined, Go with the Peace that passes all understanding.
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AZLibDem
If you're speeding, you're an "illegal"
08:46 PM on 04/07/2011
See the post from "gal416" above; it's typical of the response we get.
06:24 PM on 04/08/2011
A takes a great amount of mental gymnastics to call the posts here "hate". It is rather self-absorbed to think it is that. Yes, many evangelical Christians (special Christian sects that have a literal interpretation of the King James Bible and an obsession with time after death and the end of the world) post here and some people treat them with annoyance. I've read many of these posts (over the last few years) and the posts aren't about hate. It is about annoyance of people who post "I am right because I say I am or because my Bible says some place in it". Better intellectual arguments would be far more appreciated. The poor arguments are really frustrating on this blog. If people would post with far better and well thought arguments at least a discourse could happen with some context and thoughtfulness.
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Yvonne Serocki
wellness is inspired
01:44 PM on 04/07/2011
The bible is the word of Spirit AND probably some man-made additions from the perspective of the culture and period of time it was written. The word of God is not the ink, the page, the paper, the tree the paper came from, or even the bible itself. There is meaning behind the words, but the word of God is not the meaning itself. It is the experience of the word, but not the experience itself. It is the exegesis of the word of God, but it is far more than the critical intellectual or theological interpretation. It is the way it makes you feel, but not the feeling itself. The word of God is greater than any concept, thought, feeling, sensation or experience. The word of God is not the thing itself, not the word itself, but what it points to! The word is a signpost, a symbol, a pointer, a messenger (don’t kill the messenger or reject the messenger!). The word is a symbol standing for the hidden thing itself.

Before you critically judge this post, please read the full explanation of my perspective on www.newheavenonearth.wordpress.com written in the last two posts "Is the bible true" and "The word of God" then comment or reflect and share your thoughts!
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way2sunny
11:33 PM on 04/08/2011
yeah, no thanks -- I've heard enough
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scoobanchi
Would you like a slice of pie?
03:31 AM on 04/09/2011
Yeah, Yvonne_Serocki, you really like this book. I get it. Calm down and ground yourself. Think it over this time using rational thought and not crazy mutterings. I really enjoyed the book Catch 22 but... Dang.