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Dean Baker

Dean Baker

Posted: June 14, 2010 03:47 PM

"Free Market Fundamentalism" Is an Invention of Progressives

What's Your Reaction:

The right showed once again that they have no allegiance whatsoever to the free market when House Republicans pushed through a bill that would prohibit the Federal Housing Authority from insuring the mortgage of anyone who had "strategically defaulted" on an earlier mortgage. The intention was to punish people who had taken advantage of this option and therefore make it less likely that others would go this route in the future.

A strategic default is when a person stops paying a mortgage even when they can still afford it, and instead turns the house back to the lender. This can be a desirable move for borrowers if the price of the house has fallen below the value of the home due to the collapse of the housing bubble.

In many states a mortgage is a non-recourse loan. This means that under the terms of the contract, the return of the home ends any commitment to the lender. Even in states where the loan is a recourse loan, it is unusual for lenders to pursue actions against borrowers after a foreclosure, even if they have not recovered the full amount of the mortgage by re-selling the house.

For these reasons, a strategic default can often be a good option for homeowners. In fact, strategic default is a standard business practice. Businesses often default on a mortgage and turn the property back to the lender when they decide that this is the more profitable route to follow. For example, Morgan Stanley recently went this route with five office buildings in San Francisco whose value was considerably less than the outstanding mortgage.

But Republicans in Congress aren't interested in leaving things to the market. They were concerned that too many homeowners were acting in their own best interest and thereby hurting the banks. So they decided to have Big Government step in and create an additional sanction for homeowners who strategically default.

The impact of this bill, even if it goes into law, is likely to be primarily symbolic. There is no easy way for the FHA to determine if a default was strategic. However, this does show clearly the Republicans contempt for the free market and the sanctity of contract: principles that many of them purport to hold dear.

After all, banks presumably understood the risk of default when they issued the mortgage. They understood that house prices could drop giving homeowners an incentive to default. The banks should have incorporated this risk into the interest rate they charged on the loan.

Now that the risk is turning many mortgages into bad bets for the banks, the Republicans want to re-write the rules to the benefit of the banks. Are we to believe that the boys and girls at Citigroup and J.P. Morgan didn't understand the terms of the mortgages they were issuing? Do the CEOs of these huge banks need a government bureaucrat to hold their hands and explain the terms of these mortgages to them so that the banks understand the risks they face when they issue a mortgage?

This is not the only case where the government is actively interfering in the market to help big corporations. Many of us were struck to discover that BP faces a liability cap of $75 million from its oil spill. This means that the government has given BP the right to do tens of billions of damage to people's property, livelihood, and lives and walk away with a tab of just $75 million. In what world is this a "free market"?

There is a similar liability cap for the nuclear industry. The Price-Anderson Act limits the liability from an accident to $12 billion. This means that people will not be compensated for any damage that a nuclear accident causes in excess of this amount, unless they get the taxpayers to foot the bill.

Again, where is the free market here? For those who think that nuclear power is a safe and clean form of energy, why not let the industry just buy insurance on the market like any other industry? If the market won't provide insurance at an affordable rate, is there some reason that the government should step in and make an otherwise unprofitable industry commercially viable.

There are endless more examples of the government actively intervening in markets on the side of the rich and powerful. This is not a surprise to those who follow politics. The only surprising part is that somehow those who routinely support such interventions can get labeled as advocates of the "free market."

This is not just their own labeling. Progressives routinely denounce their right-wing opponents as "free market fundamentalists."

It is absolutely baffling why progressives would help the right clothe policies whose only unifying theme is that they serve the interest of the wealthy as a principled commitment to the market. A principled commitment to the market is a view that has appeal to a broad segment of the population. The real priority of the right -- a commitment to serve the interests of the rich and powerful -- will only appeal to the rich and powerful.

Progressives have to stop doing propaganda service for the right. There are no free market fundamentalists here; everyone recognizes the need for a big role for government in the economy. The debate is over whether we want the government to serve the needs of the bulk of the population or just the purposes of the rich and powerful. Progressives must stop helping the right hide its real agenda.

 
 
 
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11:12 PM on 06/16/2010
"The free market myth is just that, or a theory, if you will."

I totally agree.

Other myths:

a. European countries are "socialist". No, they' re not. They are capitalist economies and their public sectors are now struggling to pay the benefits they promised and maintained for a while. France just pushed the "Minimum Retirement Age" to 62, requiring AT LEAST 40 years of work to get a government pension.

b. More regulations are good for the small people. Not true in many cases. Large corporations can easily maintain departments to handle regulatory work. Small businesses cannot do that.

c. Tax the rich. Well yes, but what happens when the rich take their wealth elsewhere? Very easy to do. Why no try better "give incentives to everyone, including the rich, to invest in their local economies".

d. "Socialism". There is no such thing, never was. The world now has mostly capitalist countries and 2-3 communist countries.

e. "Capitalism". No such thing. The U.S. happened to avoid destruction in WWII and was the only player for decades. Game over, now we have to actually work hard and save... :-)
The "reserve currency" status won't last for ever.

f. The "Euro dream". I'm a European. This is nonsense. Forcing everyone to fit into the German standards without German resources... what a flop.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
01:56 PM on 06/17/2010
c. Yeah, where are the rich going to go? They can't go to Europe, they'd be taxed to death. They can't go to Somalia, they'd just be dead. The USA has the LOWEST realized tax rate in the industrialized world, and the rich pay a smaller percentage of their income in America than those who pay NO income taxes at the bottom!
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
PocketWatch
09:33 AM on 06/16/2010
All these arguments are moot. There is no such thing as a "free market." Never has been, never will be. Any market, even two Paleolithic tribesmen trading furs for tools in the village square, do so in the context of rules based on their societal norms. Cheat, and you might be banished or never allowed to trade, for example. Societies allow markets and set the rules for those markets. The free market myth is just that, or a theory, if you will. It has been tried in many places, including here, and look at the result.


In economics (at least the sane version most of us learned in school and in practise), we learned about "mixed economies," where there are some industries and markets that are government owned or heavily regulated because they are too important or dangerous to leave to a for-profit entity. The rest have fewer rules to follow for a variety of reasons I can't list in 250 words. That is what has been proven to work best (read a history book or three).
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GandenT
11:55 AM on 06/16/2010
No markets at all without the rule of law...
12:52 AM on 06/17/2010
Correct.
09:10 AM on 06/16/2010
Why are there always only two choices. How about the government protect everyones rights equally? That's the only reason it exists, after all.
12:40 PM on 06/16/2010
Because, in many instances the interests of the majority and the interest of the powerful are diametrically opposed, a wealthy individual may not want to pay taxes because they have access to all that they need and do not rely of anyone for anything, but if government entertains those asparations and lowers taxes for the uber wealthy as income and earnings are dimenishing for the working class and adversely affecting tax revenues, those tax breaks will create a deficit and until congress builds the courage to raise taxes as necessary those who have suffered the most will carry the burden of their lack of courage. The same thing goes for providing everything for citizens the taxation requirements may hamper economic growth and activity hence straining everyone 's opportunities in the process.

If we look at history we see periods of good and bad, we just need to investigate each sides argument based on the reality of what happens.
12:51 AM on 06/17/2010
"How about the government protect everyones rights equally?"

I ABSOLUTELY agree. But I have lived in three countries and it never happened. It's not going to happen. Though I noticed that America is the most fair (despite the constant and daily criticism - in Europe we hide issues under the rug) - however, if the public sector increases too much, you'll see the "equality European version" which is public sector employee gets 200, you get 50 and shut up otherwise...".

The government is supposed to be there to protect our rights and safety, not to micro-manage our lives.

Kudoz to America for sometimes going against large corporations to protect individual rights - those things almost never happen in Europe.
Not kudoz to America for following a "European Corporatism" model ("Airbus" is the most innocent case) and bailing out corporations with taxpayers' money. Shame on them, they have bad upbringing - shame on their parents.
08:40 AM on 06/16/2010
Interesting. I take your point. Thank you for helping to refine my messaging!
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Soulsurfer
Solar Electrician,Longtime Surfin'Fool
08:16 AM on 06/16/2010
As a progressive, I must disagree...........it is the right that labels itself "Free Market Fundamentalists", since that is what they're always citing as keeping government small and deregulating business in general. We all recognize the fact that they love government intervention when it suits them, and that they spend untold amounts of money to buy legislative loopholes and influence regualtory bodies. The fact that the mainstream press and "news" organizations rarely report or point this out is proof that they're biased towards the elites, and are in fact owned and controlled by them. How to counter this behavior is the question.
09:13 AM on 06/16/2010
You're confusing "the right" with libertarians. Libertarians are a constituency of the right (sometimes), but the right wants to use the government to impose morality. The left wants the government to impose economic equality. Neither left nor right will just leave me the h*ll alone.
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GandenT
12:05 PM on 06/16/2010
"The left" does not wish to impose economic equality, it just tries to insure equal treatment and equal obligation under the law for all citizens. The fact that this would lead to greater "economic equality" is incidental to them but not to the right because the "right" wants to "conserve" entitlements that they enjoy which explains why they are the same people with the same issues generation after generation regardless of their party name(s) or flim-flam pseudo-philosophy such as libertarianism.
12:55 AM on 06/17/2010
Exactly my sentiment. They won't leave me alone either. They are paid with my tax dollars to talk about general ideologies and other nonsense for teenagers who can't get a decent date.
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05:19 AM on 06/16/2010
Yes, the emerging middle class (progressives) fought for rights under the Magna Carta against King John of England. but beyond that, the idea of free market was not laissez-faire. almost every event that promotes liberty was fought for by progressives.
09:14 AM on 06/16/2010
"Progressives" have been replaced by "the left", who have no interest in liberty whatsoever.
12:54 AM on 06/17/2010
I am not a leftist but I do not agree with that. The Leftists in America do not know what the left in Europe (or in the former Soviet Union) really preaches.

How many Leftists would want their personal property confiscated by the government? (Personally I don't care because I have no real estate property in the U.S., but under the extreme leftists, redistribution of wealth requires that all property be government property - and no elections, no free exit from the country, etc etc).
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GandenT
11:00 AM on 06/17/2010
According to who? Rush, Beck, Palin; huh? These people don't speak for progressives, liberals, or "the left"...
03:04 AM on 06/16/2010
Everyone does not recognize the role of government in the economy. There are plenty of libertarian anarchists who don't care, and plenty of criminal conservatives who believe that government is there to grease the wheels for their personal profit.

"Free Market" means "Whoever has the most money wins, and damn the little people who suffer for our wealth". If you believe progressives invented it, then you haven't been paying attention the last 60 years

We need a market that's intensely regulated, with a pair of handcuffs hanging over every decision made at companies big enough to affect anything beyond themselves in the big picture.
09:15 AM on 06/16/2010
And a 5 year plan and a supreme soviet.
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skatscan
12:41 PM on 06/16/2010
Sounds just like what would happen if we embrace Libertarianism. Of course it'll be a "free market" dictatorship so it's okay.
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hrpmap
Retired man still active..
12:17 AM on 06/16/2010
If you would like to post the real problem here, don't bother, the sencors will dump it.
Aesculus glabra
My micro-bio is empty
12:12 AM on 06/16/2010
"....everyone recognizes the need for a big role for government in the economy"

Simply daft. This is one of the worst economic pieces I've ever read here.
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HST
Conservatism = selfishness
11:36 PM on 06/15/2010
Republicants enthusiasm for the free market is what they use to hide their bias in favor of big business from the voters. .They truly don't care about people. That's why they want punish homeowers and let big banks gamble with taxpayer backed money. Its why they are against lifting the damages cap on BP. Government handouts are for big business only. The people don't count.
Aesculus glabra
My micro-bio is empty
12:13 AM on 06/16/2010
What a broad brush you paint with. Who do you think passed all those bailout bills for banks and big business? Democrats. Who got most of the money from Fannie and Freddie? Democrats
02:13 AM on 06/16/2010
"Who do you think passed all those bailout bills for banks and big business?"

You don't remember W. . .?
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HST
Conservatism = selfishness
03:39 AM on 06/16/2010
"What a broad brush you paint with."
That's what the ladies tell me.

"Who do you think passed all those bailout bills for banks and big business?"
Ironically, the Wall Street Journal mocks you:

WASHINGTON -- "Upending the government's relationship with the financial sector, the Bush administration outlined a plan Tuesday to prop up banks by injecting $250 billion into U.S. financial institutions, including nine of the nation's largest banks, and to guarantee new debt issues and deposit accounts used by businesses."

"CEOs were briefed Monday on the government's plan, said they don't expect that the government's new role as a major shareholder will subject them to additional regulatory restrictions."

"Treasury essentially forced nine major U.S. banks to agree to take $125 billion from the federal government. "
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122398468353632299.html

"Who got most of the money from Fannie and Freddie? Democrats "
I'll let Bloomberg Business Week enlighten you:

"Fresh off the false and politicized attack on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, today we’re hearing the know-nothings blame the subprime crisis on the Community Reinvestment Act — a 30-year-old law that was actually weakened by the Bush administration just as the worst lending wave began. This is even more ridiculous than blaming Freddie and Fannie."
http://www.businessweek.com/investing/insights/blog/archives/2008/09/community_reinvestment_act_had_nothing_to_do_with_subprime_crisis.html

Your sources for information haven't served you well.-LOL!
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Craig2
Living in the great State of Jefferson
09:49 PM on 06/15/2010
Oligarchs and Monopolists believe a Free Market is a market you control. If you are "To Big To Fail" you are well positioned to control the market. We realized this with the Bankster Bailouts. Privatize profits, socialize losses.

If you home is worth 50% less than you mortgage your interest rates has effectively doubled. Your 5.25% loan is now 10.50%, add that housing values will not likely return to par for five to ten years and property taxes and insurance costs are not likely to be reduced and realize that you home has become a money pit. Now, home ownership has an emotional component as well and that will be a part of any decision, but at some point the dollars and cents must make sense. 10.5% interest for ten years to reach par makes no sense.
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11:25 PM on 06/15/2010
The banks also made sure that the terms of home mortgages could not be altered in bankruptcy. They fought tooth and nail for that legislation. They barely pay lip service to the HAM program. So they really have no right to complain about strategic defaults, considering they were the ones that eliminated almost all other options for borrowers who are underwater in their homes.
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realitytrumpsbull
two 'alves of coconut!
11:45 PM on 06/15/2010
Housing values? Part of the problem here is that people are trying to speculate on property values. A house is something you live in, these people all think it's some kind of investment vehicle. One aspect of all of this is that you have problem gamblers, betting their homes on various outcomes or something.

Banks facilitate loans, enabling people to purchase things at current market value. The market was overpriced, lots of competition, lots of speculation, signing things like ARM's, all became too exotic, people buying up things called 'mortgage-backed securites', and finally the wheels fell off, with the final result that you had lots n lots of people moving OUT of their homes, foreclosure. And, unless people, and banks, and real estaters, and speculators generally agree to change their operations, it'll happen again. And government will be asked to fix the broken toy again, at taxpayer expense. I say let the housing market STAY broken, no more bailouts. Kick over the poker table and hand out the gambling citations.
09:48 PM on 06/15/2010
Exactly true. And when poorer conservatives rail against taxes and government at FOX's Beck and call, they're being used as ignorant shills for the oligarchs who pay few or no taxes at the expense of public services designed to help all the people, poorer cons included. If the financial and environmental disasters don't show conservatives that the Wall Street Casino is not their friend, they are beyond help.
02:47 AM on 06/16/2010
What makes you think conservatives think Wall Street is our friend? I assure you, we do not. The Republican party might think Wall Street is their friend, but also remember that the Democrats are in bed with Wall Street too. Real conservatives, no we don't think Wall Street is our friend.
11:19 AM on 06/16/2010
The Republican party is entirely conservative. That's an obvious fact that needs no further explanation or rationalizations from Beck, Palin and Murdoch's gang. Conservatives are running from the definition of "conservative" and trying to resuscitate a more benign definition when none has ever existed. The glorification of the word "conservative" (and their demonization of liberals) began long ago when the arch-conservative oligarchy realized that to keep and grow their wealth and power, they needed to make the people love conservative plutocrats and fight the liberals that fight for the people. They hire Luntz and other propagandists to achieve that, successfully confusing the definitions. When the conservative Republican party screws up big time as we are witnessing, they can blame the entire "liberal Democratic party", not the conservative democrats in it.

Real conservatives, the frugal, traditional, careful kind we've been conditioned to believe they are, have always morphed into the war-mongering, fear-mongering, jingoist, racist, reactionary plutocrat pawns, fascists and chickenhawks that pollute our environment and berserk our economy. Conservatives may have decided to stop defending Wall Street to shift the blame for all the recent and ongoing disasters from themselves. But if you were sincere, you would be calling for Bush and Cheney's heads on a plate for causing them.

Why Conservatives Can't Govern

http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2006/0607.wolfe.html
07:40 PM on 06/15/2010
What a laughable concept: the government can't take steps to limit its losses whithout it being a conspiracy to help the banks !

"But Republicans in Congress aren't interested in leaving things to the market. They were concerned that too many homeowners were acting in their own best interest and thereby hurting the banks. So they decided to have Big Government step in and create an additional sanction for homeowners who strategically default."

It might be an intervention in the free market if the federal was not already up to their neck in the mortgage market through Fannie & Freddie, so about 50% of the losses from strategic defaults are flowing right to the federal government. But the plain facts, which Dean knows, are that the federal government intervened in the housing market years ago, and helped create Dean's favorite housing bubble.
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Jannsmoor
07:48 PM on 06/15/2010
You must learn to prioritize. The economic meltdown was caused by Wall Street fraud, not Fannie and Freddie.
While I also believe they were mismanaged and should be completely reformed (into one organization which holds all owner occupied mortgages), you must remember it was Fannie and Freddie that saved us from another Great Depression. They have been the only institution buying mortgages from banks since 2007. Without them, housing values would have dropped another 50%, plunging America into an economic spiral.
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hrpmap
Retired man still active..
07:57 PM on 06/15/2010
Like the one comming down the pike right now. Their tampering didn't stop anything, just prolonged it. freddy and Fanny enabled the fraud, nothing more.
10:45 PM on 06/15/2010
The melt down can be directly attributed to repeal of the Glass Steagall/Glass Stiegal Act was repealed 9 years ago in 1999 by President Bill Clinton. And The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 under Jimmy Carter. I think you will find if you do a bit of research the Federal Reserve Bank is now holding 1.4 Trillion in Mortgage paper. Both Freddie and Fannie are for all practical purposes insolvent, the Federal reserve will end the day "holding all the paper" and as a consequence the real property.......
09:04 PM on 06/15/2010
How many times must this myth be put down. Here are the reasons this is nonsense - again!

1. The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 was irrelevant to the subprime boom, which was overwhelmingly driven by loan originators not subject to the Act.

2. The housing bubble reached its point of maximum inflation in the middle years of the naughties:
(see Schiller graph in reference at end.)

3. During those same years, Fannie and Freddie were sidelined by Congressional pressure, and saw a sharp drop in their share of securitization:

(see inside mortgage finance graph from 2009 in ref)

while securitization by private players surged:

(see inside mortgage finance graph from 2009 in ref)

Refs and more supporting material here:

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/03/things-everyone-in-chicago-knows/

This is so last year's news. Get current would ya.

lff
06:40 PM on 06/15/2010
Dean,
I think you are trying to be clever with the title of this piece but it doesn't make a lot of sense. Market fundamentalism is a pretty good label for what it is trying to describe. Some people might think that "fundamentalism is a good thing" but a lot of people don't. It is true that the word market fundamentalism was invented by...I think, George Soros... but the concept was invented by your fellow economists like Milton Friedman and Friedrich von Hayek.

What would YOU call neoliberalism in a way that Americans can understand what you mean?
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hrpmap
Retired man still active..
07:39 PM on 06/15/2010
In the 1970s some Latin American economists began using "neoliberalismo" to designate their program of market-oriented reforms. By the 1990s, however, the term "neoliberalism" had become a pejorative to classical liberal critics, who dismissed it as a catchphrase invented by academic radicals to denigrate the ideas of Milton Friedman and Friedrich von Hayek.[3]

This is as close as you can get
07:58 PM on 06/15/2010
Thank you for the historical perspective. Yes I think that Baker is "throwing the baby out with the bath water" here. We need a concept like "market fundamentalism" to describe the CLAIMS of Republicans and some Democrats (including Obama unfortunately) that they are simply servants of the immutable laws of the market.
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opprobrious
More speech. Less Flagging.
06:30 PM on 06/15/2010
Ever talked to your typical foam at the mouth Libertarian?