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Dean Baker

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Raising the Minimum Wage Is Cheap and Easy

Posted: 07/23/2012 4:23 pm

There are some policies that are pretty much no-brainers. We all agree that the Food and Drug Administration should keep dangerous drugs off the market. We all agree that the government should provide police and fire protection. And, we pretty much all agree that workers should be able to count on at least some minimal pay for a day's work.

The minimum wage is non-controversial. The vast majority of people across the political spectrum support the minimum wage. In fact, one of the big accomplishments of the Gingrich Congress in 1996 was a 22 percent increase in the minimum wage. The only real issue is how high it should be. There are good reasons for believing that the minimum wage should be considerably higher than it is today.

At the current rate of $7.25 an hour, a full-time year-round worker would have gross pay of less than $15,000 a year. This is less than half of what the average Fortune 500 CEO makes in a day. It would be hard enough for a single person to survive on this income, imagine trying to support a child or even two on this money. And, close to 40 percent of the workers who would be benefited by a minimum wage increase have kids.

The counter-argument against raising the minimum wage is that it would actually hurt the people we are trying to help by reducing employment. There is little basis for this claim. The impact of the minimum wage on employment is one of the most heavily researched topics in economics.

Most recent research finds that it has no impact on employment. Even the research that finds job loss shows that the effect is small, suggesting that a 20 percent increase in the minimum wage may reduce employment of young people by around 2 to 3 percent.

While it's not desirable to see anyone lose their job, it is important to remember the character of these jobs. They tend to be high turnover jobs that people leave after working relatively short periods of time. Job loss in this context is not likely to mean people being fired, rather it means that firms might be somewhat slower to hire. This would cause a typical low-wage worker to spend somewhat longer between jobs.

The dollars and cents might mean, for example, that a typical low wage worker ends up working 2 percent fewer hours in a year, but they take home 20 percent more pay for each hour that they work. This nets out to an increase in pay of 18 percent, a deal that most workers would likely consider pretty good.

In terms of whether we can afford a higher minimum wage, it is worth remembering that the minimum wage in 1968 would be almost $9.22 an hour in today's dollars. In spite of the high minimum wage in the late 1960s, the job creators of that period pushed the unemployment rate down to 3.0 percent.

And, the country has not gotten poorer in the last four and a half decades. We have policy wonks running around Washington who seem to think that cell phones, computers, the Internet, and all other innovations of the past four decades that we now take for granted have reduced our standard of living.

This is of course nonsense. Productivity has increased by more than 120 percent since the late 1960s. If the minimum wage had kept step with productivity growth and inflation it would be over $20 an hour today.

The real problem in our economy today is not a lack of productivity. The problem is that the gains from productivity growth have not been broadly shared. The wealthy have used their power to rig the deck so that most of the benefits of growth have gone those at the top. They have used their control of trade policy, the Federal Reserve Board, and more recently the Wall Street bailout, to ensure that those at the top have gained at the expense of everyone else.

A higher minimum wage is an important step toward reversing this rigging. It should not be too much to expect that workers today should get at least as much as they did 45 years ago, and perhaps some dividend to allow them to share in the benefits of economic growth over this period. A minimum wage of $10 an hour would be a big step in the right direction.

 

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There are some policies that are pretty much no-brainers. We all agree that the Food and Drug Administration should keep dangerous drugs off the market. We all agree that the government should provide...
There are some policies that are pretty much no-brainers. We all agree that the Food and Drug Administration should keep dangerous drugs off the market. We all agree that the government should provide...
 
 
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08:56 PM on 08/19/2012
This has got to be one of the more idiotic government policies EVER... and you want to increase the minimum wage. When will you all realize that price control always have unintended consequences that are far worse than whatever socio-economic result-equalized goal you are trying to "fix?"

In this case, people with low skills are basically left out of the workforce. The young and the "less-fortunate" have no hope of acquiring work which will lead to the skills which they could actually make more, not to mention the self-worth that people attain by holding down work rather than sitting at home playing video games all day.

Whoever gave you a job to write this column should also be re-thinking the requirement that everyone be paid a minimum wage. It looks like you need to sharpen your skills before trying this for a living.
09:56 AM on 08/02/2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH5RTBr5sp0&list=UUsuoybbAIvoTWcCMCkgJ2jw&index=0&feature=plcp.

Minimum Wage: Why is the government mandating poverty? How are you allowed to pay a wage that even working more than full hours, ensures that you live in poverty?
09:07 PM on 08/19/2012
What about people that are unskilled (i.e. teenagers and physically or mentally disabled people?) They don't need to make enough to raise them out of poverty, because they have other sources of income - parents, etc. But by instituting a minimum wage, you push these people out of the workforce and rob them of the dignity they might have achieved by an honest day's work.
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thereisonlyoneparty
more amazing than you
11:08 AM on 07/30/2012
Raising the minimum does nothing. It is not possible to just arbitrarily claim that labor is somehow worth more now when there is no reason for it to be worth more. There is no way to do it. Prices adjust. Real gains from increases in the nominal price floor for labor are lost very quickly. Look at real income vs nominal income when changes are made to minimum wage. The benefits are there, but they erode rapidly. Why? Because the market adjusts. It has to. There no reason for people to be paid more. Value of labor does not increase. The numbers associated with the value increase.

The dope that wrote this piece wrongfully assumes that the value of a dollar must remain constant. $10 is more than $8 and it always will be.

It is not surprising that it never goes the other way. Even when the costs of goods increases. People want the president or local government to reduce the cost of petroleum products when the increase in costs has a basis in the real world. Increases in food costs are viewed as bad even though supply has dropped due to drought or other issues. Such increases cannot be justified. But pay me more because I say so.
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OC Surfer
A second is 30 nanoyears.
11:21 PM on 07/27/2012
If you have a full-on safety net you don't need a minimum wage. If someone wants to work for someone else for a dollar a day let them, and let them keep the full safety net no matter how much they make (no "means testing").
There would be millions of new jobs, and everyone would have food, shelter and healthcare at a minimal level.
10:33 AM on 07/25/2012
What most of you don’t understand is that the minimum wage is where you start from if you want to make more money you do a good job and your reward is a promotion and a pay raise. Or you work until you find a better job. Someone that is unskilled at everything needs to be trained that cost money and time you just can’t put an unskilled worker in a $20 an hour job you run the risk of that person hurting themselves or others or making a defective product. You have to start someplace and work your way up because of hard work. Anyone that starts their working carrier at a minimum wage job and stays there until retirement does not happen unless that person is a complete moron or super lazy.

Not only do the employers have to pay a wage they also have to pay workers comp, payroll taxes, insurance etc. if minimum wage was $20 an hour that is about 3 times more then it is now so instead of paying $6 for a burger and fries it would cost $20 that would be the same for groceries and any other goods and services that have minimum wage employees so any benefit for increase minimum wage would be nullified also there would be less chance for advancement . You act like people are either super rich or on minimum wage it’s not like that in the real world.
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Unclebuggies
07:19 PM on 07/25/2012
First , no one's talking about $20, Jed. The article mentions a 20% increase. You know the difference, right? We're talking about $9 or $10. Second, even the worker making minimum wage only for a year or so until that big promotion and raise needs to support him/herself until the raise comes in. Can't be done on the current minimum wage, not even for a little while.
10:37 AM on 07/26/2012
To quote the author “If the minimum wage had kept step with productivity growth and inflation it would be over $20 an hour today.” Most minimum wage earners are living with parents or relatives. If for some reason that support structure is not there well get a second job. I would do what I have to do to feed and house my kids. “I can’t” is not in my vocabulary. The government is trying to crate a dependent society when 35% of the population is on some type of government assistance compared to around 8% 20 years ago raising the minimum wage a little would do squat! We have to compete with China and India we need the economy to grow not the welfare lines!
08:54 PM on 08/19/2012
You're talking about $9 or $10? I remember when *I* was a kid (mid 20s now) mininmum wage was around $5. Now it's $8. How long until it's $20?
04:35 AM on 07/25/2012
just putting this out there for some perspective - in Australia our minumum wage is $15.96 an hour.
09:10 PM on 08/19/2012
What is your point? America should lead by abolishing the minimum wage, not rushing to follow the social justice, egalitarian, equal-results crowd around the world.
11:16 PM on 07/24/2012
It isn't cheap and easy for the individual who lose their jobs because of it. If you are stupid enough to say that raising the minimum wage doesn't effect hiring then why not double the minimum wage? It doesn't effect hiring. If you reply don't be silly doubling the wage would hurt hiring then I respond how do you know raising it 38 cents won't cost a job.

How can these liberal Democratic fools play around with economics that they don't understand anything about. We sit here watching Europe implode from the catastrophic failure of the Welfare State and then articles like this appear.

Do liberal Democrats just live with the heads in the sand ignoring reality 24-7-365????!!!!!
08:55 PM on 08/19/2012
"How can these liberal Democratic fools play around with economics that they don't understand anything about. We sit here watching Europe implode from the catastrophic failure of the Welfare State and then articles like this appear. "

You just answered your own question.
10:00 PM on 07/24/2012
The statement that minimum wages need to be raised to $9.22 is a lie. If you go by the price of cars, gasoline, housing, bread, coffee, cigarettes, public transportation, paperback books, medical care, college tuition, and other common expenses the minimum wage should be about eighteen dollars an hour.
08:58 PM on 08/19/2012
Your comment exposes the real problem even more. Who could afford to hire anyone at a minimum of $18 an hour? Few employers could afford that because relatively few employees are worth it. The real question folks should be asking is, *why* does it cost $18/hour to live as well as people used to live on $1/day? It's because of inflation, which is entirely due to the Federal Reserve. The answer is not to force employers to start paying employees more. The answer is to reduce costs for the employee! The way to do that is to fix our economy, by #1 GETTING RID OF the Federal Reserve.
09:11 PM on 08/19/2012
Say hello to double-digit unemployment...
09:16 PM on 07/24/2012
"You people" don't need a living wage or healthcare benefits.
07:55 PM on 07/24/2012
Good idea Dean. I would add two additional changes. Cancel all interest debt, national and individual and abolish usury from the face of the earth.
09:15 PM on 08/19/2012
I'm curious what principles drive the types of ideas that you propose. My guess would be some type of mumbo-jumbo about social justice... which is code for equalizing results. Sounds like communism to me, but what do I know. Every time societies have tried to define equality as guaranteeing equal results, they have grown unproductive and quickly disappear from the face of the planet. So you either know this and wish for the U.S. to fail, or you're ignorant and should get an economic education before you corrupt others with your ignorance.
08:16 PM on 08/20/2012
DC...don't tell me, or yourself, what you know....tell us what you see!
10:41 PM on 08/20/2012
I see unemployment above 8% for 42 months in a row!! It breaks my heart to see good young men and women losing their soul because they don't have the skills to enter the workplace at a pay rate that some deem as "minimum." It is the same thing that happens in public education. We give our children one size fits all environment and then wonder why they don't flourish. It is an absolute travesty what we are doing to the youth of this country.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ReverendKen
Devout Hedonist & Radical Atheist
06:57 PM on 07/24/2012
I am not an economist and I cannot possibly know what America's minimum wage should be. I own a small business and I do know this, a worker that is happy with their pay does not steel from me and works harder for me. I pay people what they are worth and no one that deserved a raise ever had to come to me and ask for one.
06:35 PM on 07/24/2012
We have to do more than just raise the minimum wage. We need to tie in the lowest paid wage, including part-time and outsourced (otherwise, those will just be another loop hole) directly to the highes paid executives. If we put in limits as to how much more the top executives could make(including benefits), over the lowest paid workers, then the rich could still be rich, but maybe only up to 30 times richer than the lowest paid worker. This would spur the economy, because more people would be able to afford vacations, cars, and even clothes and food. This would increase productivity and that would mean more jobs. If we don't do something like this soon, we will be a nation of rich "Corporate Kings" and a middle class that is becoming smaller and smaller, as those of us who have lost our jobs aren't even mentioned anymore. Unfortunately, the job market is much worse than most people realize. Most states have reduced the time limit you can collect and when it is up, you are no longer counted, even though in most cases people haven't given up looking, they are just no longer counted. Capitalism is only good when there is not greed. Socialism seems to work in Sweden, maybe we need to give it a try!
09:00 PM on 08/19/2012
If you like Sweden so much then go live there.
09:23 PM on 08/19/2012
Ah... you show your true colors in the end that you are in favor of socialism. America is not just another country. It is not simply a geographic location. America is an idea... a set of principles that were so radical at the country's founding that they changed the world for the better. No where on earth have people achieved such economic gains in such a short period of time. All the while, we live in relative peace and stability. (What are those defining principles, you ask? Liberty, E Pluribus Unum, & In God We Trust.)
04:04 PM on 07/24/2012
Are you being obtuse on purpose? The impact on employment exists, is relatively small perhaps and certainly difficult to measure.

The elepants in the room that you seem not to be talking about are (1) who actually works below minimum wage and how many of them are there and (2) the biggie -- the economic impact.

Suppose the minimum wage was $100 per hour. It's easy! The side effect would be that all products made by human labor, pretty much everything in other words, would incorporate that new wage and all of a sudden a $5 burger would be $100.

The number of burger's that an hour's minimum wage work can buy is unlikely to change.

A hidden burden exists -- pushing everyone into higher tax brackets means more money for government per hour of your labor.

Take out the "cheap" part and we'll probably agree. It's easy.
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Jeff Wolverton
(not my real name)
10:20 PM on 07/24/2012
>> "Suppose the minimum wage was $100 per hour"

...or you could suppose it's 30% higher than it currently is and see the devastating impact.... by simply by looking at Australia. (or England, or Canada, or New Zealand; all places with a higher minimum wage than the United States, yet the impact on employment wasn't detrimental. They all have LOWER unemployment rates than the US.)
10:59 AM on 07/25/2012
Is there ANY hope that you can follow my reasoning? I have said nothing about unemployment. Life WILL go on -- at $100 for a burger.

In other words, the number of burgers per day that a minimum wage worker can buy is unlikely to ever change. All you do is "revalue" the value of his labor. You can CALL it anything you want - $10 per hour, $100 per hour -- it makes no difference. it is still "minimum" and all goods and services will recalibrate prices onto the new normal.
11:00 AM on 07/25/2012
Now then; the scheme I have just laid out works only if the United States had closed borders. It doesn't; so the higher the minimum wage RELATIVE TO nearby nations, the more that low-worth work goes to those neighboring nations.
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Unclebuggies
07:33 PM on 07/25/2012
Stop exaggerating. The burger doesn't increase in price by 20 times when you increase the labor rate by only 14 times. And in increase in the minimum wage by only 20% WOULD be very cheap. Assuming the whole cost of that mythical burger is labor, and assuming all that labor is currently subject to the minimum wage, and that none if it is foreign labor not subject to the wage (not a realistic assumption in the beef market, since much is now foreign-sourced, by the way), then that burger now costs $6 at the most. And that's a crazy example, since we KNOW there are materials costs involved, and other labor costs not subject to minimum wage. Realistically the price increase is probably 2 to 5%.
08:42 PM on 07/25/2012
"The burger doesn't increase in price by 20 times when you increase the labor rate by only 14 times"

You worked harder than I did. $100 for a burger is a WAG; the exact price cannot be calculated in advance even by skilled economists -- although I suspect they will quite naturally throw a number out there with an air of precision.

It is easier to create an illustration if the values you give are sufficiently exaggerated so you can see the impact.

An increase of 20 percent in the minimum wage, if no one actually was that low, would have no impact whatsoever.

If *everyone* was at minimum wage, then a 20 percent increase will increase the labor cost of everything by 20 percent. Some industries are 100 percent labor, others considerably less. Some industries have almost everyone at minimum wage, others have no one at minimum wage.

So it is quite complex and rather impossible to say with precision; so why do you try?

The fact is that most goods will increase more than zero but less than 20 percent in price. People that were already above minimum wage will see the higher prices, but not higher wages. That spells a decline in standard of living for everyone *except* the minimum wage workers.

But that's the point. The left engages in re-distribution by hook or by crook; or both at the same time ;-)
03:41 PM on 07/24/2012
As long as we do not assess the real value of our “human resources & energy” in relation to one another, any manipulation of our remuneration will further our economic problems. For your information Google “The World Monetary Order to Come”.
02:31 PM on 07/24/2012
Tie the tax rate to minimum wage, 0-3X minimum wage is the 0% bracket, 3-6X the 5% bracket, on up to 100X and above being the 90% tax bracket, with the brackets working as they do now with money earned up to 3X the minimum wage not taxed (standard deduction), 3-6X taxed at 5%,6-12x taxed at whatever is decided is fair for that bracket, and so on with the bracket size doubling each time so that only half the total income is taxed at the bracket rate, the rest at lower rates so it becomes truly "progressive". You want to pay less taxes, just raise the minimum wage.
09:03 PM on 08/19/2012
You're wasting your time. Want to be taxed less? Tear down the red light cameras in your town. Warn people about speed traps. Hire lawyers, defend yourself, and clog the courts with B.S. cases. Yelling about taxes is stupid when you are taxed every day from the time you wake up to the time you go to sleep, under every word in the dictionary *except* "tax" i.e. ("fees", "fines", "charges", "costs etc)