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Dean Baker

Dean Baker

Posted May 6, 2009 | 10:00 PM (EST)

Systematic Risk Regulators and the Power of Arithmetic


The current craze in DC policy circles is to create a "systematic risk regulator" to make sure that the country never experiences another economic crisis like the current one. This push is part of a cover-up of what really went wrong and does absolutely nothing to address the underlying problem that led to this financial and economic collapse.

The key fact that everyone must always remember is that the story of the collapse was not complex. We did not need great minds sifting through endless reams of data and running incredibly complex computer simulations to discover the underlying problem in the economy. We just needed some people who understood the sort of arithmetic that most of us learned in 3rd grade.

If the people at the Fed, the Treasury, and in other key positions had mastered arithmetic, and were prepared to act on their knowledge, they would have taken steps to stem the growth of the housing bubble. They would have prevented the bubble from growing to the point where its inevitable collapse would bring down both the U.S. economy and the world economy.

Just to repeat the basic facts: house prices began to diverge sharply from a 100-year long trend in the mid-90s as wealth created by the stock bubble began to exert upward pressure on real estate prices. After having tracked the overall inflation rate for 100 years, house prices were substantially outpacing inflation.

There was no remotely plausible explanation on either the supply or demand side for the run-up in house prices. Income growth was good, but not extraordinary in the late 90s. In the current decade, incomes actually fell slightly after adjusting for inflation. On the supply side, we built houses at near record rates in 2002-2006 indicating that there were no substantial constraints on building.

As another tell-tale sign that we were seeing a bubble, inflation-adjusted rents were not rising, indicating that there was no underlying shortage of housing driving up prices. Finally, housing vacancy rates were hitting record levels as early as 2002.

At their peak in 2006, inflation-adjusted house prices had risen by more than 70 percent, creating over $8 trillion in housing bubble wealth. There was no way that the loss of this much wealth ($110,000 for every homeowner) would not lead to a severe recession and create the sort of financial crisis that we are now seeing.

In normal times houses are highly leveraged with down payments rarely exceeding 20 percent. In the bubble years, it was common for homebuyers to borrow the full value of their home and sometimes even a few percent more. It should have been obvious to any serious economist or financial analyst that when the bubble burst, there would be hell to pay in the financial sector.

In short, all the evidence was right there for anyone who cared to see it. We didn't need some super-genius to solve the mystery. We just needed an economist who could breath and do arithmetic. But the DC policy crowd tells us that if only we had a systematic risk regulator this disaster could have been prevented.

Okay, let's do a thought experiment. Suppose we had our systematic risk regulator in 2002. Would this person have stood up to Alan Greenspan and said that the country is facing a huge housing bubble the collapse of which will sink the economy?

Remember, before the fall Greenspan was known as "the Maestro." Politicians, reporters and economists worshipped every pearl of wisdom that came out of his mouth. In fact, when he announced his plans to retire in 2005, many of the world's leading economists and central bankers gathered at Jackson Hole, Wyoming to debate whether Alan Greenspan was the greatest central banker of all time.

Alan Greenspan said that there was no housing bubble; everything was just fine. Would our systematic risk regulator have said that Greenspan was nuts and that the whole economy was a house of cards waiting to collapse?

Anyone who believes that a risk regulator would have challenged the great Greenspan knows nothing about the way Washington works. The government is run by people who first and foremost want to advance their careers.

And, the best way to advance your career in Washington is to go along with what everyone else is saying. If that was not completely obvious before the collapse of the housing bubble, it certainly should be obvious now.

How many people in government have lost their jobs because they failed to see the bubble? How many people even missed a promotion? In fact, the top financial officials in the Obama administration, without exception, completely missed the housing bubble. One might think it was a job requirement.

This lack of accountability among economists and economic analysts is the core problem that must be tackled. Unless these people are held accountable for their failures in the same way as custodians and dishwashers, there will never be any incentive to buck the crowd and point out looming disasters like the housing bubble.

The reality is that we have a systematic risk regulator. It is called the Federal Reserve Board. They blew it completely. We will do far more to prevent the next crisis by holding our current risk regulator accountable for its failure (fire people) than by pretending that we somehow had a gap in our regulatory structure and creating another worthless bureaucracy.

And of course we should teach our economists arithmetic.

The current craze in DC policy circles is to create a "systematic risk regulator" to make sure that the country never experiences another economic crisis like the current one. This push is part of a c...
The current craze in DC policy circles is to create a "systematic risk regulator" to make sure that the country never experiences another economic crisis like the current one. This push is part of a c...
 
 
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06:23 AM on 05/31/2009
As you said, it was not a lack of regulators and warnings, it was the deaf ear they gave to the warnings, and the inaction.

A complete failure.

Just more proof that we need qualified people in responsible jobs, not whoever is the politically correct, or brother or sister in law of a senator (just example not indicating a real person just the trend)
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PhilipTaylor
Legalized Bribery is an Oxymoron - must END
07:35 AM on 05/08/2009
No Credit Flows to Main Street after Bloomberg says over 7 months FED+Treasury have pumped

$12,800,000,000,000

in WE1FARE to Wall Street to get Main Street Credit Flowing.

Still ZERO FLOW - In fact it dropped more.
11:44 PM on 05/07/2009
How dare you make fun of the maestro! Never question somehow who reads the paper in a bathtub. The man was brilliant. Besides, his parents told him he was a genius.
08:55 PM on 05/07/2009
Yes, systematic. The people in charge knew much of what was going on and looked the other way. Like Enron, many of the outside accountants ,and lawyers and financial companies working with Enron knew what was going and did not do anything. And of course, the Board of Directors and the officers of the company. The outsiders probably hoped everything would work out ok and did not want to rock the boat or could not because of professional ethics. Fewer ethical restraints with the mortgage fraud meltdown than Enron. Systemic risk is a part of it but the systematic process was not working as it should. The people at the top were corrupt, incompent or lazy.
05:59 PM on 05/07/2009
as long as we are dreaming...what if reagan had never duped us with supply side economics...
04:35 PM on 05/07/2009
"Alan Greenspan said that there was no housing bubble; everything was just fine."

Alan also famously said--

July 24, 1998 - The House Committee on Banking and Financial Services, From Greenspan’s opening statement: …the Board continues to believe that aside from safety and soundness regulation of derivative dealers under the banking or securities laws, regulation of derivatives transactions that are privately negotiated by professionals is unnecessary. Regulation that serves no useful purpose hinders the efficiency of markets to enlarge standards of living.

Get that--Regulation of Derivatives is unnecessary!!!

How could one of the greatest minds of his generation get two such crucial things, so wrong? My guess is, that he didn't. That this is all playing out just the way the banks wanted it to, and with the help of people like Rubin, Greenspan, Summers, Geithner (all worked in the Clinton admin) and Senator Gramm and the Bush crime family, the greatest heist in the history of man is being played out right in front of us.
01:21 PM on 05/07/2009
This article is a description of the symptoms. The main systematic failure in this crisis was the credit default swaps and other derivatives that served as "insurance" for the investment banks and hedge funds. The assumption that these securities were worth something is what drove investment banks and hedge funds to take on unhealthy leverage. That, and in my view, grade inflation by the bond rating agencies, which are fraught with conflicts of interest because they are paid by the issuers. These are (derivatives, financial leverage, bond ratings) that need to have significantly greater regulation.
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GrannyForObama
01:05 PM on 05/07/2009
An excellent article but I must add I think we all need to take the blame on this. Where were all the mainstream journalists & media personalities in all of this? Except for a very few honest brokers most were giving a free pass to all the Emperors With No Clothes or else completely asleep at the wheel. And those few honest brokers were often derided by their peers for their lone efforts.

Likewise, we the American public were all too willing to accept an economic scenario that we knew was a house of cards, even if we didn't understand derivatives and the other complex mechanicisms that allowed all these shenanigans. We were all too eager for unrealistic returns on our real estate purchases. And too willing to turn a blind eye.

Those governing do so by the consent of the governed. It is therefore our responsibility, assisted by the fourth estate, to hold those who govern accountable. I am thankful for the Huffington Post. It gives voice not only to some very talented writers but also to countless individuals on all sides of an issue who are interested in having an accountable government.
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rlugbill
12:29 PM on 05/07/2009
Good point. Everyone in government is looking out for their own career advancement, not for the good of the country. The way to get ahead is to tell your superiors what they want to hear.

The superiors were put in place by politicians who depend on campaign contributions and support from industry groups. The industry groups lobby to put their people in powerful positions in Washington. There is no incentive to speak truth to power for government employees.

This isn't just about the banks and financial institutions. Every part of government is tainted by this same process.

If we don't find the cause of this problem and address it, it will be repeated.
01:10 PM on 05/07/2009
People in private industry are "looking out for their own career advancement" just as much, if not more, than people in government.

Career government employees, especially those in positions below the level of the political appointees but still at a high enough level to get something done, all are aware that administrations come and go. They also are aware that they have protections from being fired or disciplined for telling a political appointee something he/she does not want to hear. Therefore, they can afford to take positions that are not consistent with what their current (and transitory) politically appointed superiors want to hear. The only ones who act as though they have to curry favor with the then current crop of political appointees are those looking to leave government and go into private industry.

In any event, career advancement in the government, just as in private industry, can result from telling your superiors the truth rather than what they want to hear, as long as you tell it to them in a manner that does not make them feel stupid..
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FearlessFreep
A radical leftist with a JS Woodsworth avatar.
02:54 PM on 05/07/2009
Iraq is another example.
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Carl Caroli
I just don't understand people
11:27 AM on 05/07/2009
The problem is that ALL of the so called experts are so blinded by their own light they can't see the light of day and are too smug to care. Unfortunately the press and everyone around them genuflect at their alter, feeding that sense of self importance to the point of disaster. You don't become successful by having self doubts - it's a sign of weakness in industry and society in general. Introspection is not rewarded, therefore mostly pompous ass blowhards rule the roost. Look around government and big business - do you need anymore examples?
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ClarcKing
Citizen
11:12 AM on 05/07/2009
A good article. The loss of the population's physical productive economy is the basis of the present collapse: Through monetization, globalization, forced trade and usury; real physical productivity, Industry and jobs were lost to fantastical wealth/financial schemes promoted by the financier elite. As per Lyndon LaRouche, put the Fed into bankruptcy; create the U.S. National Bank. Issue credits and currency into the population's physical economy; introduce jobs and purchasing power into the economy. Stop the foreclosures! Enact the Homeowners and Bank Protection Act. Stop the bailouts; they won't work. Great physical projects are waiting to be started. Sen Lamar Alexander has proposed the creation of 100 fourth generation nuclear generation and distribution systems as a catalyst to getting the economy going again.The U.S. citizenry must organize and create the issues and focus for our political leadership.
10:58 AM on 05/07/2009
Could a transfer of American taxpayer wealth to investors of banks be done this way?

1. Loan for inflated homes that will eventually deflate big time. No bank ever loaned a dime they weren't certain they would get back with interest. So did some in Congress (which has sole power over the taxpayer purse) assure banks taxpayers would bail them out for the INFLATED asset prices?

2. Encourage spending, 2nd mortgages and whatever could increase bailout.

3.Meltdown time: Be "outed as bank w/ bad loans on the books. Stop loans. Have the media and reps repeat " taxpayers must pay up to save MAIN street or no loans or credit"

4.. Give banks hundreds of billions of taxpayer $ behind closed doors; don't let taxpayers know any details.

6. Have a few clowns act surprised when the banks still don't lend and hold out for even more. Say, “oops, it's worse than thought, we need more,"

7. Time meltdown as one president leaves and after oil prices were jacked up so high that Americans know they must do something to improve the economy!

8. Yay! You've made it to the top of ScamVille Heaven with others who add nothing of value to the world. Americans will be paying you more than they ever would have if home prices hadn't been inflated. And despite that so many lost their equity, they will also bail you out a second time!

*Don't forget to make charitable donations for cover.
10:41 AM on 05/07/2009
>the best way to advance your career in Washington is to go along with what everyone else is saying.

Funny, this works on the television show "Survivor" as well, right up to the final 3 or 4
10:41 AM on 05/07/2009
Many economists actually did warn the government and the Fed about the coming collapse of the bubble and the entire world economy, but nobody in the government listened. This was years ago.
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ThatOne4Me
10:39 AM on 05/07/2009
New math, for crooked ways.