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Dean Baker

Dean Baker

Posted: October 25, 2010 03:56 PM

Little brothers exist to be abused by their older siblings. The United Kingdom has willingly played the role of abused sibling for the United States for decades.

When our president wanted to launch a harebrained invasion of Iraq, no one was more outspoken in his support than Prime Minister Tony Blair. Who is our closest ally in our Vietnam-style occupation of Afghanistan? Yep, it's the Brits again. And now the new Conservative-Liberal government is taking the lead in trying to use government austerity to restore prosperity.

Those of us who oppose austerity in the United States are delighted. The U.K. is jumping out front to lay off public sector workers, raise taxes, and cut government programs and supports across the board. It is doing this at a time when the economy has nearly 8 percent unemployment and considerably excess capacity in almost every sector of its economy.

This drive to austerity comes at a time when the short-term rate set by the Bank of England is 0.5 percent and the rate on 10-year bonds is just 3.0 percent. The timing is also perfectly wrong in that most of the U.K.'s major trading partners are also suffering from weak economies and therefore unlikely to provide strong export markets. Nor are they likely to tolerate a substantial devaluation of the pound against their currency.

It is really difficult to come up with an economic theory as to how the U.K. austerity drive even could work in principle. The U.K., like the U.S., had enormous overbuilding of residential housing as a result of its housing bubble. Does anyone think that the drive to austerity will lead to a new round of building? (The bubble in the U.K. does not appear to have fully deflated, but this is another story.)

Households in the U.K. are hugely over-extended as they borrowed based on their housing-bubble-generated wealth. Will government austerity cause heavily indebted households to go on a consumption binge? That one does not seem terribly likely, and probably not desirable even if it were to take place. Households will need to accumulate some savings to support themselves in retirement. Another boom based on consumer debt is certainly not a good long-run story for most of the population.

Turning to the business side of the story, demand growth is generally the most important determinant of investment. Demand growth is almost certain to slow precipitously in the context of the sharp cuts being put forward by the government. If firms are not investing now, it is hard to believe that they will invest more when the economy weakens, no matter how excited they might be over the prospect of lower budget deficits.

Finally, it is not clear the government is expecting much of a boost on the trade side, but if they are it would come about through a marked depreciation in the pound, which would raise the price of imports, thereby encouraging the consumption of domestically produced goods. This would also have the effect of raising the inflation rate in the U.K., the comparatively high level of which has been a cause of concern to the Bank of England. If the Bank of England (foolishly) responds to higher inflation by raising rates, it is very hard to see what possible route to growth the deficit hawks would have left to turn to.

There are not many instances of countries adopting the sort of polices that the British government is now embracing, but the examples we have are not encouraging. For example, we have Herbert Hoover's efforts to balance the budget in 1932 and Franklin Roosevelt's drive in 1937. Both resulted in a considerable worsening of the economy. Of course, the U.K. had its own experiments with austerity in the middle of the Great Depression, which also did not turn out well for fans of economic growth and full employment.

But, these episodes took place in the distant past and memories in politics are short. However many of us in the United States may feel sorry for the ordinary workers in the U.K. who will be the victims of their bankers and hare-brained elites, it is hard to avoid the feeling that it is better them than us.

Hopefully our little brother will be able to remind every one in the United States of the foolishness of pursuing austerity in the middle of sharp downturn. The Brits will have our gratitude and our sympathy.

This piece originally appeared in the Guardian.

 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Guitarsandmore
devoted father, community activist, musician, reti
02:27 PM on 10/27/2010
U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates wrote in January 2009 that the U.S. should adjust its priorities and spending to address the changing nature of threats in the world: "What all these potential adversaries—from terrorist cells to rogue nations to rising powers—have in common is that they have learned that it is unwise to confront the United States directly on conventional military terms. The United States cannot take its current dominance for granted and needs to invest in the programs, platforms, and personnel that will ensure that dominance's persistence. But it is also important to keep some perspective. As much as the U.S. Navy has shrunk since the end of the Cold War, for example, in terms of tonnage, its battle fleet is still larger than the next 13 navies combined—and 11 of those 13 navies are U.S. allies or partners."[32] Secretary Gates announced some of his budget recommendations in April 2009.[33]
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Guitarsandmore
devoted father, community activist, musician, reti
02:25 PM on 10/27/2010
The 2009 U.S. military budget accounts for approximately 40% of global arms spending and is over six times larger than the military budget of China (compared at the nominal US dollar / Renminbi rate, not the PPP rate). The United States and its close allies are responsible for two-thirds to three-quarters of the world's military spending (of which, in turn, the U.S. is responsible for the majority)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Guitarsandmore
devoted father, community activist, musician, reti
02:23 PM on 10/27/2010
Military Budget of the United States
Budget Breakdown for 2011

DOD spending -...................................$721.3 billion – Base budget + Overseas
FBI counter-terrorism -.............................$2.7 billion
International Affairs -......................$10.1-$54.2 billion
Energy Department, defense related -.......$20.9 billion
Veterans Affairs -....................................$66.2 billion
Homeland Security -...............................$54.7 billion
NASA,satellites -...........................$3.4 – $8.5 billion
Veterans pensions-................................$58.4 billion
Other mandatory -...................................$7.5 billion
Interest on debt incurred in past wars $57.7 – $228.1 billion

Total Spending..........................$1.003 – $1.223 trillion
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Guitarsandmore
devoted father, community activist, musician, reti
02:20 PM on 10/27/2010
Military Budget of the United States
Budget Breakdown for 2011

DOD spending - …………………………..$721.3 billion – Base budget + Overseas Contingency
FBI counter-terrorism - ……………………..$2.7 billion
International Affairs – ………………$10.1-$54.2 billion
Energy Department, defense related - ……..$20.9 billion
Veterans Affairs - ………………………….$66.2 billion
Homeland Security - ……………………….$54.7 billion
NASA,satellites - …………………….$3.4 – $8.5 billion
Veterans pensions ………………………….$58.4 billion
Other mandatory – …………………………..$7.5 billion
Interest on debt incurred in past wars $57.7 – $228.1 billion

Total Spending…………………….$1.003 – $1.223 trillion
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
joe kim
09:08 AM on 10/27/2010
We are stimulus spending and kicking the can down the road as Mr. Baker has suggested. The can appears to be getting bigger, and our economy continues to languish. 1.7 trillion printed by the fed in the past year, another 1.8 this upcoming year (300 billion every 2 months for the foreseeable future). We are decreasing our standard of living with each dollar printed, and we are increasing our debt burden, with little to no increase in our GDP.

Is this our solution? This doesn't appear to be working either. I wonder if we are making things worse? The fed promised not to monetize, but here we are monetizing our debt, the fed is now the 2nd largest holder of US debt, and as soon as QE II kicks in we will be number 1.

Mr. Bernanke said QE was a huge success....if that is true why do we need QE 2? Or never ending QE? It appears to me that someone is lying.

Either QE worked and we don't need anymore, or it didn't work and we're gonna keep printing money because that is the only thing these clowns can think of. We haven't done a single thing to actually fix our problems.

I could continue on, but I don't think what we are doing is helping, maybe the Brits have it right, maybe we just need to try something different.
08:25 PM on 10/26/2010
With the 30 year decline in British manufacturing, the only things holding up the British economy are financial services, housing and government spending, all of which are in decline. Thanks a lot Mr. Blair.

If there is one major lesson for th US on this, is keep your manufacturing base. The day you stop building stuff is the day you gobto the poor house.
05:22 AM on 10/27/2010
well said unscum . . . the UK must increase its manufacturing base . . . reliance on the financial and service sectors is a recipe for disaster and that is just what tony bliar was for the UK . .
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
deluk
hot mess...
07:11 AM on 10/27/2010
The UK is the worlds sixth largest manufacturer, nobody realises it because it's in things like aerospace and pharmecuticals.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
deluk
hot mess...
06:55 PM on 10/26/2010
I think the UK plan of austerity is a bad one. They should wait until the global economy improves before putting in this plan. To lay off 500,000 people at this time is a bad idea. Well as they say, its their funeral.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
inmyhumbleopinion
Vote third party.
05:53 PM on 10/26/2010
They got at least one thing right: cutting the military budget. Let's see if we have the same guts to stand up to our bloated Pentagon.
08:13 AM on 10/27/2010
fanned inmyhumbleopinion . . . great blog
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Seaniebhoy
03:38 PM on 10/26/2010
While I am all for cuts in military spending and getting people off the dole...anyone from Ireland or England can tell you what will happen from prior experience. The government (even the Lib Dems) will talk big, but the banks will keep their wealth, the military will keep their guns, benefit cheats will keep their ill-gotten gains...while the council binman and brick layer will be on the breadline, the NHS will have its pocket picked and education will be slashed.
02:13 PM on 10/26/2010
The UK didn't seem to notice when Ireland was gagging on its austerity medicine, economy shrinking by 20%... sure the people didn't vote for austerity but Nick Clegg was so determined that it was necessary that he refused to tell the electorate nor his Shadow Chancellor about his commitment to same during the election.
02:08 PM on 10/26/2010
Oh, so you think we can spend our way back to prosperity. It has never worked before.
02:14 PM on 10/26/2010
It always works. Austerity never works. Never. Not once.
12:41 PM on 10/26/2010
from Channel 4 News:
http://www.channel4.com/news/uk-economic-growth-better-than-expected
02:08 PM on 10/26/2010
Then lets cut back unemployment benefits to 26 weeks. No, make that 13 weeks.
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12:29 PM on 10/27/2010
Great idea. And leave the major banks alone for all the great work they are doing?

and our bloated military and our bloated dept of homeland security for the work they are certainly not doing to protect us?
and all the pork that our supposed fical conservatives are gleefully grabbing, that is keeping our moribund economy on partial and very temporary life-support?
Blame the victims? Look for a handful of cheats among millions in dire straights?
How about looking at the elephants in the bathtub.

Tin, you talk foolishness. Our administration is clearly clueless, and so are the people you evidently listen to.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Leadsled
Love-child of the ghosts of FDR and Napoleon
12:33 PM on 10/26/2010
IS/LM has pretty accurately explained what is wrong with the US and UK economies. Basically every aspect of the UK's austerity push seems to be calculated specifically to make things worse rather than better.

But could this be the point? The financial elites and conservative politicians throughout anglo-american society seem to be on a concerted plan to essentially "refeudalize" our societies. Cutting the social safety net, making taxation regressive rather than progressive, engaging in draconian social policies, trying to restrict the free flow of labor, bankrupt the governments of the respective countries. Strikes me that this all seems to represent a goal of essentially transforming the majority of the population into 1984 style "proles" or in other words, serfs.
12:18 PM on 10/26/2010
We will have some interesting data coming out of this recession. Germany and now the UK are cutting public expenditures, France is trying, Greece and Spain are being forced to cut back on public spending because no one will loan them any more money. Even Cuba has indicated that they can't continue with the load of public costs they have built up.
12:38 PM on 10/26/2010
yup and the US is still spending like crazy . . . . I think that will end in tears
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guveqzero
Inventor and Innovator
11:59 AM on 10/26/2010
Isn't it amazing, the stupidity of bankers? Or, did they just get drunk again? Why are these people in charge of the money supply? How can we replace them? Maybe, we need to make them elected positions instead of appointed for life. Currently, there is no accountability for these bankers, so change is not forthcoming. Both the UK and France are making it easy for our own brain dead economic policy makers to make better decisions. But, they are all arrogant, foolish and hard to remove from office.