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Derek Flood

Derek Flood

Posted January 16, 2009 | 09:16 PM (EST)

Iran: Asia's Other Rising Power


As Israeli tanks and soldiers pound their way through the Mediterranean's most destitute outpost, let's think about how we arrived at this point.

During the 2006 war between the Israeli state and Hezbollah, the Middle East raged with hell fire once again. Israel has been battling the Shia milita cum political party for decades most notably in the unsuccessful offensives of 1993 and 1996. The Israelis have tried to "dislodge" and "cleanse" the Party of God from southern Lebanon with both airstrikes and a failed twenty-two year military occupation. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have never been able to accomplish their goal of neutralizing their northern enemies much less quell internal and external Palestinian dissident factions. In July and August of 2006, the IDF and the Israeli Air Force (IAF), attempted to achieve the same goals with an unyielding strategy of occupation and collective punishment. However, there has been a drastic paradigm shift in the power dynamic of the Middle East, and Israel's political and military leadership hasn't altered policy or their grand designs accordingly. Today the IDF and IAF are reigning down terrifying technology on their southern Sunni enemies, Hamas in Gaza. In contrast, Iran's clerics appear relatively comfortable and unfazed.

In the recent past Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has publicly stated a sort of "let's not be more Catholic than the Pope" policy regarding Iran's patronage of Palestinian resistance movements. Though the Iranian government has said that if the Palestinians come to a lasting accord with Israel regarding their future that Iran would be forced to accept such an outcome, the Iranian establishment is only too pleased when tensions between Israel and its Palestinian and Lebanese neighbors become physically acrimonious. When Sunni Arab Hamas acts out its agenda in a violent form, it doubles as a fitting proxy for Iran's schizophrenic dreams of regional hegemony. In a clever dichotomy, Iran is both Persian and Shia (de facto anti-Arab/Sunni) on one hand while striving to appear broadly Islamic and anti-Western on the other. The Nasserite dinosaurs in Egypt and Syria appear pathetic in comparison. The Iranians, being enshrined as pariahs since the end of the Carter administration, are perhaps the only power in the region that feels no compunction whatsoever to acquiesce to any international status quo since the demise of Iraq and Afghanistan as fellow black sheep states following their respective Anglo-American overthrows. In short, Hamas is backed by a power with which the United States has essentially no leverage. With Israel, in the eyes of America's critics, the U.S. does not posses enough leverage to reign in its undisciplined client. American diplomacy is faltering either way.

While fearing and antagonizing Iran, Western powers and Israel failed to recognize its ascendency in the region and in the context Asia as a whole. While the Op-Ed pages of major American newspapers are constantly touting the "Rise of India" and the "Rise of China", they seem to missing a third and vital player: the rise of the Islamic Republic of Iran. While more as an Asian regional power than a world power, it is likely due to our bias and consistently backfiring, think tank-inspired policy that leads Americans to readily ignore this almost passé sea change. Pundits often decry Iran as a power in persistent decline and as a volatile "petro-authoritarian" clerical fiefdom ready to implode at any moment in some unwieldy demographic time bomb. None of these things have happened. Iran has been consistently gaining strength and has only been encouraged by rudderless American leadership for the last eight years.

Just as the Chinese are asserting themselves in the Pacific theater by vastly increasing their naval capabilities and the Indians are opening up consulates in Afghanistan, the Iranians are firming up their doctrinaire military proxies in the Middle East and Central Asia. Foremost among Iran's proxies are Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Gaza. Hezbollah are part indigenous resistance movement and part creation of Iran's Revolutionary Guards Corps. Hezbollah was formed in the early 1980's to resist the military occupation of Lebanon by foreign forces; those consisted of an invading Israel from the south and American, French, Italian and British troops landing in the country under the guise of peacekeeping.

Today Hezbollah is an extraordinarily powerful political force in the Lebanese polity holding ministerial positions in the country's cabinet and multiple seats in parliament. Hezbollah demonstrated it's heightened state of popularity within Lebanon when the group's leader Secretary General Seyyid Hassan Nasrallah held a vast rally in which several hundred thousand (perhaps half a million) supporters turned out in a nation of just 4 million. Nasrallah defiantly declared a "Divine Victory" over Israeli forces and claimed that his party's strength had not only remained undiminished, but rather the opposite had happened. Hezbollah had increased in strength and even formed an alliance with former rival General Michel Aoun's Maronite Chrisitian "Free Patriotic Movement". In a bizarre alliance achievable perhaps nowhere else but the Byzantine corridors of Lebanese politics, a secular Christian General once allied to Iraqi Sunni President Saddam Hussein can form a partnership with an audacious Shi'ite leader allied to the Iranian clerical establishment in Qom.

Though much of neo-conservative doctrine is viewed as bankrupt, the world is still forced to sift through its ideological rubble. Their talk of a "Greater Middle East" (read: Greater Israel) lives in intellectual isolation from reality. Sheikh Nasrallah's sheer defiance and emboldened stance are in large part the product of Iran's strengthening hand across its sphere of influence which now stretches from the Mediterranean Sea (Gaza) to the China's western frontier (Persian-speaking Tajikistan).

Since the last gasps of the Carter years, American policy has been to isolate Iran politically, economically and when possible, militarily, in retaliation for being tossed out along with the Shah in the turmoil of 1979 when embassy staff were humiliatingly taken hostage and paraded on the world stage. Four years later, the Cold Warriors in the Reagan administration were routed out of Lebanon after the Marine barracks and US embassy bombings in Beirut, both of which were later ascribed to Hezbollah (albeit inconclusively). Israeli foreign policy has coincided, at some points converged with, and at other points, overridden America's stated policy of post-revolutionary Iran as a sworn enemy to be thwarted at every turn. Today however, the notion of exporting sweeping eschatological revolution is now largely seen as defunct, and the only glowering a long dead Ayatollah Khomeni does these days are from billboards in Tehran and faded posters in Beirut's southern suburbs.

The American military inadvertently elevated Tehran greatly in its response to the Wahabbi-inspired Sunnist suicide attacks against the United States in the fall of 2001. American commanders struck out by demolishing the minimal infrastructure of the militantly anti-Shia Taleban government in Afghanistan. Well less than two years later, the US eviscerated the authoritarianism of a vehemently anti-Persian Ba'ath party in Baghdad. By smashing the vitriolic Sunni regimes on either side of the modern Iranian state, itself a truncated core of the millennia-old Persian empire, Iran could now vastly expand it's influence among it's destabilized neighbors across their broken borders.

American foreign policy had performed an awkward u-turn after being attacked not by oft loathed millenarian Shi'ites, but rather by radical young men who were the sons of several outwardly pro-American Sunni states. For decades, the United States was closely allied with regimes that were both majority and minority ruled by Sunni governments unsympathetic to the generally poor, pious Shia populace in their midst. Desperately trying to ignore Iran for years and trying to undermine Hezbollah while Lebanon festered in civil war and occupation were seen as appropriate measures of inaction that fit squarely into a long outdated Arabist, pro-Sunni paradigm.

In the post-9/11 environment, the US quietly proclaimed a transparent victory for human rights in Afghanistan in the name of the Hazara, an embattled pro-Iranian Turkic Shia minority in the nation's center. Shortly after Americas' perceived Afghan triumph, key players in Washington and London wasted no time courting at motley parade of long exiled Iraqi Shia dissidents who could be brought in from abroad and placed in power in a simplistic Pentagon plan in the coming aftermath of toppling the dreadful President Hussein. For a brief but crucial period, American and Iranian interests dovetailed rather neatly. Suddenly, Shiites, once thought as a bloc of anti-American firebrands in the broad Western political psyche, now seemed a reasonable alternative to some of these odious regimes. This scenario would suit both Iran and our own neoconservative demagogues quite well. The romance between the U.S. and Iran after 9/11 was short lived. It ended in a bitter break-up once American troops occupied Iraq. Iran insisted on muscling its way into Afghanistan and Iraq during periods of heightened vulnerability the way it had done previously in Palestine and Lebanon. Previously, the Iranians could inflict pain on America indirectly by antagonizing the Israelis whereas now they have been able to clandestinely battle the "Great Satan" itself.

The significance of those 34 days of destruction in the Levant in 2006 may have seemed inconsequential when compared to the ongoing fitna, or intra-Islamic sectarian warfare, in Iraq. But one should realize the "Iraq Effect" (my quotes) in the context of the Lebanon war and the ongoing violence in Gaza. Iran has not been isolated further by being flanked by US troops on both its' eastern and western frontiers as Pentagon planners would have dreamed. It has been fortified by such actions. As Israel risks treasure and futility in Gaza repeating many of its failures in Lebanon, Iran will undoubtedly feel victorious by default no matter who the tactical victor. As well as the industrial rise of China and the intellectual rise of India, a third power has risen in Asia and it is the Lion of Persia. Unlike the latter, this has certainly not been to everyone's liking.

 
 
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Zonie
Right & Left are part of a whole. Divided we die.
06:13 PM on 01/22/2009
Hmmmmmmmmm.........how many countries have the Persians attacked in the last 1000 or so years?

Whossafraid of Iran?

No real threat to the USA...........and.....Hey....Israel is all grown up now, war crimes and all..........they can fight their own battles.......

Time to reconcile our sins..........Iran could be an ally if we'd quit trying to slam dunk puppet kings down their throats........

Never met an Iranian I didn't like......absolute truth.......I think we ought to try this diplomacy bit a bitmore than........uh.........not at all.......
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Derek Flood
07:13 PM on 01/28/2009
Iran and the US were once staunch allies, particularly under Nixon/Kissenger. Who knows? If things shift in the region, either gradually over time or through some next upheaval, they just might be again.
10:44 PM on 01/17/2009
Iran's "ascendancy" is a myth, constructed by those who focus on who's been winning propaganda battles. If Iranian missiles held by Hezbollah and Hamas extend Iran's power, the latter has been shredded by the Gaza war, since those missiles didn't stop Israel from visiting unholy hell on Hamas, with impunity. But the real reason that Iran's power isn't what it seems is its economy, which is hostage to oil prices. Last November 23, Associated Press reported that oil exports gave Iran 80% of its foreign revenue and that international financial institutions estimated that Iran couldn't balance its budget unless oil was at $90+/barrel. Today it's $42, and perhaps headed lower unless the world economy rebounds. On November 11, Warren Strobel (McClatchy Newspapers) predicted that with oil prices around $40/ barrel, Iran's "foreign imports will be throttled, incomes will drop, Iran's currency will weaken and inflation will grow even worse...Ahmadinejad's populist spending programs, which have bloated the government budget...could sputter to a halt." Add to this Iranians' deep resentment of the ruling clerical elite because of its egregious corruption, and you have the makings of instability. Decisive influence may instead be held by Obama, whose success in rescuing the global economy is ironically essential if the Iranian regime is to keep subsidizing prices at home and keep giving subsidies and strategically inferior missiles to Hamas and Hezbollah so as to persuade journalists like Derek Flood that they are "firming up their proxies".
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Derek Flood
07:25 PM on 01/28/2009
If you've traveled the region in recent years and actually spoken to people on the ground, Iran is indeed firming up its proxies. Iranian influence is indeed expanding as far as Central Asia and North Africa. Iran is by no means some juggernaut as China is often perceived, but Iran's political strength has been growing steadily since 9/11. While Iran's traditional military assets are obviously inferior by Western standpoints, Iran has made great investments in "human capital" by cementing itself via a network of historic religious and linguistic roots. Persia was much bigger than the Iran of today and Iranians, whether loathing their own regime or not, are very well aware of their own identity and place in history.
09:01 PM on 01/17/2009
What the author fails to mention, is that despite what we are told and shown in America, the people of Iran are actually probably the most 'pro-American' in the region, and would be open to cooperation with the US. The big scary 'president' we see, spouting all kinds of nonsense, does not, in fact run the country. It may irk our 'friends' in Israel and Saudi Arabia, but if we opened dialog with Iran, and decided not to make them the enemy, we would have as much room to maneuver with them as anybody else in the region. As mentioned, Iran is Persian, and has its own culture. These are not a bunch of fanatics on monkey bars, they have a great education system etc. They became an enemy when we overthrew their democratically elected leader, installed a dictator, and when they deposed him, we gave Sadam Hussein money and weapons to kill hundreds of thousands of them in an 8 year war. Their government progresses through evolution now, not revolution. Interaction would go a lot further than using Israel and Iraq as examples of democracy in the region.
12:29 AM on 01/18/2009
Your points are not reflected on nearly enough. Thanks for your post.
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Hass
04:04 PM on 01/18/2009
The biggest danger than Iran poses to Israel is that IRan and the US may start to get along, undermining any strategic value of the US to Israel.

Remember, when Nixon decided to recognize China, he had to kick Taiwan to the curb.

Israel doesn't want to be Taiwan, and Israeli agents are active in the US to try to prevent that by fomenting conflict between Iran and the US to suit the interests of Israel.
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Zonie
Right & Left are part of a whole. Divided we die.
06:20 PM on 01/22/2009
spot on.
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Baghooli
Immortals!
07:20 PM on 01/17/2009
Lets face it, current Bush administration is basically staffed from Nixon administration, Nixon doctrine rightly deduced that US can not be the world police from 10000 miles away and therefore US should be a backup force for regional peace keepers and this is still true today, Iran was/is to be the one responsible for policing the territory of CENTCOM and recently separated from it "AFRICOM", agreement were made between two states of US and Iran and not any given regime or administration, Iran played it parts in cold war by keeping USSR biggest armed lackey bugged down in crucial part of world "Iraq" while covert ploy were being played in Afghanistan/Iraq/Eastern Europe and therefore brought the fall of USSR, regime in Iran had to be change in order to bring Iran in to war with Iraq after Afghanistan take over by USSR, Shah wouldn't do it and if he would, it would have been considered to be overt US war against USSR.
Strategically Iran is still the only power with resources and millennia's of experience which can manage her traditional domain (China frontier to Africa continent), meanwhile US will have to come back to inside of her borders because of distance from that part of world and future of her economical well being, current US wars are temporary and it is a prelude to setting the Nixon doctrine in to a right track again.
Iran is still a superpower by her own right to be wreaking with!
yappnmutt
humping legs for liberty
03:40 PM on 01/17/2009
perhaps usa policy in the middle east is changing once again as the realization that the best policy in the middle east was during the shah era when israel was our ally, iran was our ally and egypt came under our influence. this arrangement balanced all the competing political and religious entities in the region. its telling that iran filled the void created post iran revolution vis a vis israel by supporting both hamas and hezbollah as a way to contain israel's ambitions in the region. the fact that the usa has so far thwarted israel's desire to neutralize iran's power hopefully suggests that someone in the state department realizes that the usa must support iran in order to contain the country so that iran can help contain afghanistan, pakistan, iraq and israel while israel can help contain syria, jordan, lebanon and iraq while egypt is positioned to control israel, vis a vis syria, jordan, lebanon and saudi arabia contains egypt and the rest of arabia at the same time backing egypt up that's the only way everyone will remain in their own sand box with the usa acting as playground monitor with the ONLY big stick in the area. IRONICALLY, THE REAL WILD CARD is israel. israel has shown that it will act in its own interests at the expense of anybody else including their main benefactor, the usa. that attitude makes them very untrustworthy and, therefore, dangerous.
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Hass
04:05 PM on 01/18/2009
Israel doesn't want Iran to be a US ally because that would challenge Israel's primacy.
02:46 PM on 01/17/2009
Obama is in a unique position right now if he doesnt blow it. He has the good will of countries who are hoping for real direction change from the neo con govt..If he approches them as impartial, moral and fair to both sides and really listens we could have peace..
04:00 PM on 01/17/2009
Do you think that "impartial, moral and fair" would require absolute (no negotiation) enforcement of UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, at a MINIMUM???
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FightingTheRight
That isn't God's voice in your head.
11:07 AM on 01/17/2009
And this.

I've been posting this since the beginning of the war.


In the 80s the U.S. supported Saddam and Iraq in their war with Iran and the Ayatolah Khomenieh. Almost 20 yrs. later, we remove Sadamm from power and hold free elections in Iraq, the Shiites win a majority in the elections and control of Iraq. The Shiites have close ties to the new Ayatolah, who was a follower of the Ayatolah Khomenieh. So basicly , we did for the Iranians, what they couldn’t do for themselves in the 80s.
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Derek Flood
07:28 PM on 01/28/2009
The Reagan administration believed they were at once punishing the Iranians and their misdeeds of '79 and creating a twisted balance of power to divert Soviet influence in the gulf throughout the Iran-Iraq conflict.
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FightingTheRight
That isn't God's voice in your head.
11:05 AM on 01/17/2009
I've posted this from acouple of years ago.

To bad the NeoCons didn't pay more attention.

CHRIS MATTHEWS: Two years ago, King Abdullah of Jordan warned me of what was coming in the mideast. His prediction was dead on. He spoke of his fears and what the United States was doing in iraq, toppling one government, electing another, was creating what he called a shi'ia crescent, from Tehran through Baghdad to Beirut that threatened to dominate the Arab world, challenging modern Sunni governments in Egypt and Saudi Arabia and others with an axis of Shia power based in Iran.

When I look at the map today, that Shia crescent the King foretold has come to light. We converted Iraq from a country which has fought revolutionary Iran for eight years to a bloody stand still to a Shia dominated ally of Iran and created a boulevard of common religion and common regional politics.
10:49 AM on 01/17/2009
The problem here, as I see it, is one of where our attention goes. The Middle East is facing a humanitarian crisis that seems eerily like the African crisis that those of us who lived through the 80's heard about, leading to the now famous Live Aid concert. What I believe we need now is a Live Aid style humanitarian effort to be involved with the people of The Middle East, and completely subverts the governmental regimes of the nations involved.

The only way that effective political change will happen is if it comes from within, and the only way people will become interested in affecting political change is if someone (Namely The West) gives them the resources that allow them to focus on things beyond basic subsistence. The totalitarian regimes in the region have been suppressing and oppressing the people, and it is time someone came in with a plan to deal directly with the people, and let them make the changes they want in their governments themself.
07:15 AM on 01/17/2009
Thank you Derek.

It is too bad Eisenhower replaced Mossadegh with the Shah of Iran because of oil. Eisenhower made many significant messes for us dealing with foreign policy. I hope people will study the Eisenhower administration more.

Sincerely,

Ken Stremsky
10:49 AM on 01/17/2009
I agree-this was one of Eisenhower's blunders. However, Eisenhower was the last president to deal objectively with the Israeli-Arab conflict when he joined with Kruschev in ordering the Israelis, French and British out of the Suez Canal.
The real mess in the Middle East started after WWI, with Sykes-Picot and Great Britain's Palestinian "experiment", which was really the paying of a debt owed to international Zionism for its support during the "Great" war, which itself was precipitated by the imperialist Balfour declaration.
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is, and will remain, the festering wound in the region. No matter how much animosity there is between Sunni and Shia, Persian and Arab, Baathist and Islamist , all these differences are and will remain secondary compared to this one, overarching conflict.
Until an American president has the political will and fortitude to deal in an impartial, just and moral manner with the situation, all the world can expect is more and bloodier conflict.
07:06 AM on 01/17/2009
This is too bad for the Iranian people. I don't know if we don't have ANY leverage though, Iran does still import a lot of goods, chiefly gasoline. I think eventually though, the only hope is for the people to rise up and throw out the government like they did in '79.
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Hass
04:07 PM on 01/18/2009
Why should the Iranian rise up and topple the government? On the whole, Iranians today live longer, have more access to clean water and medical care, and are far better educated than before. And Iran is set to become a gas exporter by 2013 since it has not only greatly expanded refineries, but has converted its auto fleet to using CNG.