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Dr. Boyce Watkins

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The Madness of Not Paying College Athletes

Posted: 03/17/11 10:22 AM ET

With March Madness upon us, perhaps it's time to think about what it means to be an American. We should also reconsider what it means to be a college student. As it stands, the 700-plus men and women signed on to play in the largest post-season extravaganza in professional sports (wait, did I say "professional"?) are treated neither as Americans nor as college students. Instead, they are expected to exist in a peculiar socio-economic purgatory created by March Madness that we might call pseudo-amateurism.

In pseudo-amateurism, you get to live the lifestyle of a professional: your schedule is rigorously controlled like an animal at the zoo. You are given massive amounts of media training so you can protect your brand in the public eye. You are expected to practice several times per day, and even on weekends. Oh, and that academic thing? You can do that too, as long as it doesn't interfere with your full-time job.

But don't worry. Psuedo-amateurism doesn't deprive you of all the "thrills" of being an amateur. The one thing that keeps you amateur is the size of your paycheck. You'll be surrounded by millionaires, all of whom need you to show up so they can sell your services, but your compensation will be perpetually restricted to free tuition and a shiny new pair of sneakers. We should all be impressed with the business model of the NCAA, America's most powerful corporate gangsters: Get Congress to look the other way while you consistently violate both labor rights and anti-trust law so you can maximize profits by legally keeping your workers from having access to the revenue stream.

After teaching on college campuses for the last 17 years, I've seen up close how major sports competition can wreak havoc on the life of a young person. I've seen kids taken out of my class to play on ESPN games in the middle of the week. I've seen student-athletes wonder how they can help their mothers after they were evicted from their apartment in the projects. I've seen athletes lose their academic opportunities because they couldn't play on the field. I've even witnessed an athlete or two who received a college degree without ever learning how to read (with faculty serving as primary accomplices for their mis-education).

Perhaps it's time to start being realistic. The billions generated by March Madness rival the money earned from the post season of nearly every professional sports league in the world. At $613 million, the NCAA is earning over 40 percent more ad revenue than the entire NBA playoffs and over 60 percent more ad revenue than the entire post season for Major League Baseball. Given that professional basketball and baseball players bring home millions to their families every year, one has to wonder: What is the NCAA doing with all that money?

The money doesn't disappear just because the players' families don't get it. Instead, we see coaches exercising every inch of their labor rights, signing blockbuster deals worth tens of millions of dollars. One can't help but wonder if the NCAA is engaging in a form of academic apartheid, given that most of the individuals doing the work to earn this income are African American, and those receiving most of the economic benefits just happen to be white. One also has to wonder about the American public's perception that "a scholarship is enough," and whether we somehow think that a kid from the inner city should be happy with whatever he's given, in spite of what's been taken from him. The truth is that almost none of us would accept a scholarship as compensation for a job that generates tens of millions of dollars for somebody else.

At the end of the day, the bottom line is this: athletes and their families deserve labor rights. Whether the athlete gets a degree is irrelevant when compared to the millions that have been extracted from him, and even if he goes on to play professional sports, this makes the crime no less significant. The truth is that college athletes in revenue-generating sports are treated as neither Americans nor college students. Their ability to enjoy college is stripped by the rigors of their professional sports schedules and Draconian training regimen, thrust upon them by money-hungry coaches who could care less about education. The idea that Congress has conspired with the NCAA to allow athlete labor rights to be taken away in a manner that would be illegal in nearly any other industry adds insult to injury. Keeping athletes and their families in poverty while coaches and administrators get rich is not only fundamentally un-American, it is an embarrassment to us all.

 

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01:49 AM on 03/25/2011
Wow. How backwards thinking is this??

First of all, college is an institution of higher education. Sports is supposed to be secondary. Instead, it's all about the money. Instead of encouraging the concept of paying student athletes, how about we make these sporting events about SPORTS and not MONEY? That would be a good place to start.

Top college athletes get full scholarships. With most students swimming in debt by the time they graduate, these athletes, who are already accorded all sorts of privileges, are way ahead of the game by graduating without major debt. Isn't that payment enough?

For these athletes, sports is emphasized over education. Since most of them do not go on to play pro sports, they will have a harder time in the real world once they graduate. College sports are supposed to be amateur, and should stay that way.
07:56 PM on 03/22/2011
Thank you so much for this post, it's right on. It lifts my spirits to see these thoughts put in print.I have felt like this for years. These young people are adults, and they are working two jobs at least by being college athletes. College sports bring in huge money, in terms of ticket sales, merchandising, and alumni donations. Being a college athlete should bring you a full, substantial salary to be spent how you see fit (including tuition, books, etc), labor rights, and the best health benefits available.

College athletes cannot be not owned by their colleges and that's how it seems to be. A gilded cage is still a cage. Further, the seething mass of deceit and underhandedness that has grown like a tumor to exploit and outwit the NCAA system is no environment for a young person coming to maturity.
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10:49 AM on 03/22/2011
As an a-plus high shcol student and b-plus high shcool athlete, i sure as heck would have liked free tuition, books, computer, housing , medical care, excellent food, a personal trainer and all the other perks of D-1 jock stardom on campus....alas, the juxtaposition of values on college campuses...these kids and their families surely know what they are getting into.....they are hardly chattel.....in fact, they are quite pampered during those 4 yrs.
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doughnut70
12:41 AM on 03/22/2011
Two comments. First, the players are not supposed to have to put in the hours they are now required to play and if we enforced the rules such as not having them practice or play for more than 20 hours a week, the scholarship would be more than enough. The second comment though is that you dodge the key fact that market study after market study shows that people won't show up to watch paid players. The NBA sells itself as the best in the world. The NCAA sells itself (falsely) as a bunch of college students playing in their spare time. If people were willing to watch paid players, then there would be a minor league for basketball, but they are not.
01:07 PM on 03/22/2011
imho college teams are minor leagues for basketball
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Thordeer
Greed has won over principle.
05:32 PM on 03/21/2011
The author is absolutely correct here. And the commentators who think we should not pay athletes? What made you the geniuses who determine salaries out in the work world? Why is 50k in scholarship plus living expenses the right amount? In all other spheres of business, you would doubtless support the free market determining the wages. Why not here? There is obviously hundreds of millions of dollars of economic value being created in big time mens college basketball and football, simply because people are willing to pay a lot too see them. The rest of the economy runs on the principle of paying what the market can bear. The NCAA cartel should not be allowed to control player incomes.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
05:35 PM on 03/22/2011
Nothing against paying college athletes...I just don't want my tax $$$ and tuition to go towards supporting that effort.
03:32 PM on 03/25/2011
How do you feel about your tax dollars paying coaches millions, which is often much more than any professor gets paid?
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f0rTyLeGz
Everything is falling.
04:33 PM on 03/21/2011
My 2¢s... I think college athletics is out of control. Too much money for too many decades. It's boys (and girls sorta) playing GAMES with balls of different shapes. Huge venues, with coaches making multi-millions per YEAR. Legions of lawyers and doctors are on the payroll, and the student athletes have complicated schedules flying around the country to PLAY GAMES. What is the outcome of all this... boys jumping up and down thumping their chests and sticking a finger in the air.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
05:37 PM on 03/22/2011
f0rTyLeGz

Right on target. I don't really understand how kicking a ball up and down a grass field is related to producing educated scientists, engineers, doctors, nurses, teachers, etc.

Get colleges out of sports.
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f0rTyLeGz
Everything is falling.
07:07 PM on 03/22/2011
Andy Griffith wrote and performed this in 1953. It was very popular... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FibbKyBTJX4 What It Was Was Football. I just remembered that he was called "Deacon Andy Griffith" back then.
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detroitblkmale30
Wise Men Still Seek Him
01:51 PM on 03/21/2011
Completely Agree. Well said. Its far past time that the atheletes are paid for what they bring to the university. Pay all of them, thats fine. Obviously they will be being paid comensurate to what they bring in so football and basketball players would make alot more than squash players, but hey everyone gets paid. They bring in millions of dollars to the university and they get what $30-40k in return in non tangible earnings?(you cant eat books or wear them to class)


Not to mention the fact that especially in football and basketball, these students not only pay their own way to college, they pay for financial aid and other programs for their fellow students through the income generated by the atheletes. Dont believe its all that much money? Look at the BCS payout for the 2011 National Championship game. $21 MILLION. Thats right. Divide that by 100 kids on the roster. Each player brought in $210,000 to their university. They saw none of it.But they did "make" about $10,000 in tuition for that year. Nice. "Hey kid, Thanks for the near quarter of a million, here's 10 grand in non-financial educational benefits, dont spend it all in one place"

Let's not even get started on merchandising and ticket sales.

So equitable. Not.
03:17 PM on 03/21/2011
What about the coaches, trainers, managers and various other people who are part of the football program? I don't think you can say just the players are responsible for the entire payout.

And in addition to tuition, student athletes get their meals for free, their housing for free, their books and fees covered, and they get to travel, and play the sport they love in big stadiums and on TV.

So would you pay all the players regardless of their families' financial situation?
And should the players at the University of Florida get paid the same amount as the players at the University of Central Florida?
Do you go by gate receipts? TV revenues? What about the Mountain West schools that aren't on TV as much as the SEC?
If a high school running back would rather focus on track and field in college, but he sees his buddy get a better paycheck for playing football, don't you think the school's track team will suffer?

And with all this money going out to athletes, what happens to the programs that would have used that money otherwise? It's not like a state university can just keep all the TV revenue. They have budgets that have to balance and those budgets are audited every year. So the money that comes in for football and basketball helps support the scholarships and travel and expenses for soccer, rowing, softball, etc. Should those programs suffer so we can pay the basketball team?
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detroitblkmale30
Wise Men Still Seek Him
04:12 PM on 03/21/2011
You can actually, the coaches ARE being paid for their time, many in the millions of dollars(head anyway)

Yes I would pay all. This is not an issue of financial status. This is about compensation for work provided.

It all depends on whether the NCAA is paying the students in which case its all equal pay for the most part or teh schools are paying out of their revenues. If the latter is the case than obviously UF players make more than UCF players, they deserve to, they make it to bigger time bowls.

Yep I would include all of those revenues. Mountwain wwest players wouldnt make as much. Sorry guys.They would figure it out. Besides those programs wouldn't have alot of the resources they have by your own admission if it werent for say the football program in the first place.

I'm a lot more concerned with players, the majority of whom will not play in the NBA/NFL etc. who make millions for their school over their time there and see none of that revenue personally.
03:42 PM on 03/25/2011
"And with all this money going out to athletes, what happens to the programs that would have used that money otherwise?"

All what money, I don't think people are suggesting that they get the same as NBA contracts just compensation above tuition, room and board, for the value they bring to the school. Some of these bigger schools already pay coaches $2 million a year, if the school took a chunk of the coaches salary and paid the players a stipend above the tuition no other sports would suffer.
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
05:40 PM on 03/22/2011
I'm tired of paying for college sports programs. Decouple the teams from the university, and then the team can pay the "student athletes" whatever the market will bear.
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detroitblkmale30
Wise Men Still Seek Him
11:24 PM on 03/22/2011
Im just curious. Paying from sports in what way? How would separating them from colleges ever work?
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inmyhumbleopinion
Vote third party.
10:57 AM on 03/21/2011
Completely disagree.

I responded to Jalen Rose's post on this subject, too. The bottom line is, either all NCAA athletes get paid or none of them do. As it stands, many of them are getting a free ride to school. $50K per year isn't enough?

And as I pointed out in that other response, the athletes who have no chance of going pro and who are just doing it for the love of the game, are using this opportunity to actually get a college education. Women athletes' graduation rates are much higher than the men's, and men who participate in sports like crew, for example, also use their scholarships to get an education. These athletes put in no less practice time or travel time (particularly if they are Division I) than basketball players or football players.

So, perhaps Dr. Watkins, the question you should be asking is why are so many male athletes not prepared to attend college as a college athlete? If they don't have what it takes to perform academically, why are they getting recruited by some of the best academic institutions in the country?

It's time for the NCAA to enforce academic recruiting standards so the majority of athletes who don't go pro can actually get an education.
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Konrad Klean
likes the taste of the red pill.
06:39 PM on 03/20/2011
Or they could try getting into college on their SAT's, Essays, and High School Academics like everyone else.

Professor, you make some points the sharpness of which is not immediately eminent. Perhaps I am laboring under a misunderstanding, but athletic scholarships are in their own way a gamble on the part of the students; the objective of whom is being drafted into the professional leagues.

As a professor of finance you are familiar with the concept of risk being commensurate to the rewards. Given the revenue streams received by even the poorly ranked players in the professional leagues the forgoing of 2 to 4 years of "full time work" is a fairly good initial investment. Let us briefly examine the opportunity costs of the players then, along with those of traditional students.

While the income data for college students isn't readily available and I hesitate to use median income data for people with "some" college education let us be kind and assume $20.00 per hour, for season length (26 weeks) and see how that stacks up as an ROI.

Athlete Loss Due to Season 20,800 (before tax) * 4 $83,200
(Add) Cost of Attendance on an Athletic Scholarship $ 0
Total Investment including forgone pay: $ 83,200
Athlete Return Value (salary): $531,463

Traditional Student Annual Loss $(83,200)
(Add) Cost of Attendance without a Scholarship $196,608
Total Investment including pay received: $ 103,408
Non Athlete Return Value (salary): $ 48,661 (Bloomberg 2010)

Athletes are the victims here?
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kcampbell
Laryngitis for a generation
10:30 AM on 03/21/2011
The NCAA tournament distributes money to conferences based upon how many games the member teams play in the tournament. Then the conference divides that money equally among the member teams. For participation in the tournament the NCAA gives teams a travel allowance for each game that they play, but the real money comes from their share of the conference money. For example the MVC received $2.95 million based upon its success between 2000-2005, whereas the Big 12 received $14.4 million. Teams that make it to the first round this year and lose receive $82,000 in travel money, and they receive more if they advance.

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_much_do_college_teams_receive_in_'prize_money'_for_attending_and_or_winning_in_the_NCAA_tournament#ixzz1HFDcNv7l
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ruolivert
12:08 PM on 03/21/2011
Perhaps I am laboring under a misunderst­anding, but athletic scholarshi­ps are in their own way a gamble on the part of the students; the objective of whom is being drafted into the profession­al leagues

That is a huge misunderstanding because the vast majority of scholarship athletes don't go on to play the sport professionally. You're looking at this issue through the prism of the few that go on to become pros
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Konrad Klean
likes the taste of the red pill.
03:08 PM on 03/21/2011
Run the same numbers then, scholarship coverage of tuition maintains their investment to the opportunity cost of holding down a job like most college kids do, minus the academic tuition. Which, as I pointed out, in case of most private universities is in the 50k/year neighborhood for 6 months of playing a sport.

Those who are lucky get to make 340k+ before graduation. How many traditional college students make that sort of a salary upon graduation? Not many. I still fail to see how they are victims here, or how Dr. Watkins' comparison of the NCAA to slavery is appropriate (it is made on his website fyi)
06:12 PM on 03/20/2011
No one is keeping athletes and their families in poverty. Did the NCAA put them in poverty or were they already poor? What makes you think that giving them money will take them out of poverty? Are there not lottery winners who no longer have any of the cash they won because they blew it all?

I am tired of people suggesting that money will end poverty. Ideally it would but some people are going to be poor no matter how much money they are given? Why? Because they don't know how to manage it. There are plenty of rags to riches to rags stories out there.

You're not really doing any of these kids any favors by enforcing the idea that they should have dollar signs gleaming in their eyes. You might do them more of a service if you encouraged them to place more of a premium on a good education and for some of them better communication skills.
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Konrad Klean
likes the taste of the red pill.
07:15 PM on 03/20/2011
Pretending that giving people money will help them is an enduring myth of the American mythology. Lets not bother with facts of how that works out for many celebrities who, as you said, blew it and then had to file for bankruptcy.
03:19 PM on 03/21/2011
Nicely said.

It's like the old line, "Give a man a fish, he eats for a night. Teach him to fish and he eats for life."
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Thordeer
Greed has won over principle.
05:34 PM on 03/20/2011
I agree with the author. And all you commentators?: You all seem to want it to come out the way you idealize it. "College is for learning," etc. Well college is also for dating, for research, for resume building, and it turns out there is tons of economic value in college sports, for whatever reason. I guess people like to root for their colleges. The thing that's wrong is letting the NCAA act as a cartel to suppress the wages of the main producers of the main thing of value on a college campus. It's outrageous. Some people argue for a few more thousand per student-athlete. The right appropach is to remove the uniformity and the ceiling and let the athletes get a good chunk of the millions of dollars in revenue they are worth to the schools.

My wife and I had lots of jobs while in college and no cartel told our employers we couldn't earn what the market would bear.
06:38 PM on 03/20/2011
There is little to no economic benefit to the university. All income generated by the athletes stays in the athletic department. None of it is used to help non-athlete students. And no, having a good sports programs does not get an university better students. Northwest, Vanderbilt, and Rice have mediocre sports programs but are top 20 schools. Auburn, Alabama, and Oklahoma are second tier schools. People do not pass up going to Vanderbilt or Rice because of the sports programs.
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mtn viking
This space for rent.
12:16 PM on 03/21/2011
This is not true. Colleges with successful athletic programs generate more income and more donations in all areas. When Rice makes it into the NCAA tournament, their donations go up. Alumni are more likely to donate to schools with successful athletic programs.

These athletes make substantial amounts of money for their schools. That income is far in excess of the cost of their free or reduced tuition from scholarships. These students have the equivalent of unpaid, full time jobs. They should at least get minimum wage for the hours they put in.
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detroitblkmale30
Wise Men Still Seek Him
02:58 PM on 03/21/2011
Sorry that is not true. Many universities recycle athletic money into the universities at large, particularly where financial aid is concerned. Thus that would help the university receive quality students. Those schools have mediocre programs because they historically have not invested in athletics(scholarships, coaches facilities etc), not because their athletics have not invested in the schools. Just because students attend universities because of their good acadmics doesn't mean that athletics don't improve the quality of life at the school. Stanford is doing just fine at both.
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Konrad Klean
likes the taste of the red pill.
06:40 PM on 03/20/2011
Learn how to do math. Then go do math on risk vs reward and pay mitigation for athletes and non athletes. $ 345,000 annual salary received as a minimum by MLB players (lowest of the sports) definitely makes up for missing out on 6 months of flipping burgers.

This is why they get free tuitions, which by themselves are far above their earning potential coming out of high school. Thanks, move along.
08:09 AM on 03/21/2011
Except that only a tiny fraction of college athletes go on to play in the professional leagues. It was a nice try, though. Better luck next time.
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moAb
"when bad men combine, the good must associate”
12:18 PM on 03/20/2011
I would have far more sympathy for this man's argument if he felt the issue did in fact include the attainment of a degree. That is the primary reason anyone spends time at an institution of higher learning. If your ticket there is a sports related scholarship great, 'free money', but the goal should still be an education. By treating such athletes as 'pros' or 'semi-pros' one would basically be saying that they are in fact just another type of employee rather than a student. If you have issues with the way the billions of college/university dollars are spent/used...tackle that problem directly. But to rationalize that the athletes should get paid (when they already are paid in essence) is ludicrous. If they don't like like that arrangement they do not have to accept such largesse. Someone else is very likely to accept the current terms without qualms.
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Konrad Klean
likes the taste of the red pill.
06:45 PM on 03/20/2011
He's also making it appear as if the NCAA is abiding by this "victimization" due to the ethnic factor.

On top of that he is a FINANCE professor. I just ran some numbers on his allegations relative to "post-graduation" income on the part of lowest paid major leaguers and the figures are mind blowing. 500k a year starting with a minimum of 345k min seems like a pretty good return to me.

In related news the weighted salaries of people who actually graduate college with an average indebtedness somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 are 48,000 and change. This is in contrast to the above mentioned athletes whose debt upon graduation or withdrawal is 0.

College athletes are the victims, they also never forgo studying in favor of keggers.
01:25 AM on 03/20/2011
Two better solutions:

1. The players can all go play in professional minor-league basketball, and leave space in the classroom for students who want to be in college, or

2. Take away all the TV contracts and let them play just because they enjoy it, for whatever fans are willing to attend the games.
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liberalsrheros
GOP's voter suppression, an insult to veterans.
09:48 PM on 03/19/2011
if we were to pay athletes, it should be all scholarship athletes in all sports. if the expectation is that they are going to be able to help their mothers from being evicted i think the author is suggesting too high a figure. the student athlete should be able to pay expenses, have a reasonable amount of money to spend for typical college recreation and afford to travel home to see their families. they ought to have free health care for 5 years after graduation and longer if they've suffered a disabling injury. fancy cars and condos and an extravagant night life, well, that ought to be paid for by the nfl, nba mlb etc. if i were guess at a figure, maybe something that would correspond to an average first year salary of graduate of that institution minus what payments that student would have to make on a student loan in a year.
06:46 PM on 03/18/2011
It is a student's choice to become a college athlete. It is their choice to spend hours practicing instead of studying. They already get a free ride to college (and just for sports! Not for their academic achievements....usually.), so why should they get any more than that? What makes athletes more special than a student that works a part-time job that usually takes up most of their free time? Those students with part time jobs don't get a free ride to college! I honestly do not think that a student athlete should be paid for something that they choose to do when they already get free tuition.