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Dr. David P. Gushee

Dr. David P. Gushee

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Tea Party Libertarianism and Christian Ethics

Posted: 07/29/10 07:07 AM ET

The rise of the "tea party" contingent on the Republican Right signals a resurgence and intensification of libertarian strands in American political ideology in a time of great economic stress and political division. This libertarianism stands in sharp contrast with most recognizable Christian traditions of social thought. The contrast deserves unpacking.

I understand today's surging libertarianism as an early species of the ideology of political liberalism. Liberalism, which emerged in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, begins its approach to politics with the freedom and sovereignty of the (property-owning) individual as its fundamental starting point. The individual exists prior to the community, and enters as an equal into community with other individuals in order to protect his life and secure his property. He (gender-exclusive term intentional, in light of the history) does this by making a "social contract" with others in which each gives up a small measure of his freedom in order to secure heightened personal and economic security. The state is the product of that contract and serves essentially as a night watchman which allows individuals maximum freedom to pursue their goals as long as they do not harm others. On this theory the state pursues no real vision of the common good but instead protects individual liberties to pursue life's goods as each person desires.

But political liberalism evolved throughout all of the western democracies in the 19th and 20th centuries toward an approach that recognized a growing range of government responsibilities and at least a partial vision of a common good. This evolution was triggered primarily by the excesses of unfettered industrial capitalism, whose brutalities in the name of the liberties of free enterprise sparked moral outrage everywhere they appeared. Beginning in the late 19th century, western democracies began regulating free enterprise with varying degrees of intensity and also established the beginnings of a social safety net to deal with capitalism's losers and victims. One factor in the growing role of government was the hard-headed recognition that if capitalism did not submit to some government intervention, its miseries and moral outrages might lead to the communist revolutions prophesied by Marx and Engels. Government 's intervention was not Communism but was intended to prevent Communism.

So in the United States the long journey began with the legislation of the Progressive Era and intensified in the New Deal under FDR. Most Democratic political leaders since the 1930s have embraced these evolutions in political liberalism and continued to tinker with them for incremental gains in social well-being, while most Republicans have been far less enthusiastic. Still, it has been a long time since we have seen major national politicians so openly pine for the political economy of the 1920s.

I said in a recent interview that libertarianism is not an intrinsically Christian worldview and that Christian embrace of it makes for an uneasy marriage. My friendly Christian "tea party" correspondents beg to differ, but any review of the great traditions of Christian social and political thought bears out my claim.

The options are so rich. We could begin with the social thought of the pre-liberal "Christendom" era, in which the state was generally understood to be partner to the church in advancing a Christian social order that included care of both bodies and souls. Or if you don't like Christendom, we could look at the way Protestant social ethics responded to the urban squalor and workplace sufferings of Gilded Age capitalism with insistent demands not just for the factory-owners to soften their hearts but also for the government to pass laws to limit their depredations.

If you don't like Protestant "Social Christianity," there is the very rich Catholic social teaching tradition, which began with Pope Leo XIII's analysis of these same problems in 1891 and has continued unabated to this day. Catholic social teaching has constantly called for a more organic understanding of society and a vision of the well-being of the national (and international) community as a whole rather than merely its atomized individuals. The Catechism today teaches that the proper role of the state is to "defend and promote the common good of civil society."

Or if you don't like the Catholic social teaching, there is a great deal of historic and contemporary evangelical social engagement that calls for the state to join with others, each in their proper role, to advance public justice and the common good. Evangelicals were involved in most of the great social reform efforts of the 19th and 20th centuries, most of which called for government intervention -- whether in restricting workplace racial segregation or the market's role in providing abortions.

These kinds of Christian traditions certainly understand that individuals matter, but that if so, it is especially those individuals whose needs go unmet and whose rights are routinely violated that matter most. These traditions also affirm that humans are social beings, and therefore the well-being of the communities we have created also matters. They understand that we were made by our Creator not just to claim rights for ourselves but to serve one another, and that a society governed by raw libertarian individualism cannot be the best we can do. Today's libertarian resurgence is at best an uneasy fit with Christian principles. I will never back down from that claim.

 
 
 

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The rise of the "tea party" contingent on the Republican Right signals a resurgence and intensification of libertarian strands in American political ideology in a time of great economic stress and pol...
The rise of the "tea party" contingent on the Republican Right signals a resurgence and intensification of libertarian strands in American political ideology in a time of great economic stress and pol...
 
 
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02:58 PM on 09/14/2010
Having followed Dr. Gushee for quite sometime, it seems strange for him to write such an article attacking "The Tea Parties." Mainly because he is such an advocate of the Separation of Church and State. Many of the issues he writes about here are actually the responsibilities of the Church. Many of these have been taken over the the Government which one would believe he would object to. IN fact, the Tea Party is about LOWER FEDERAL TAXES and for GOVERNMENT to get OUT of things it is not supposed to be involved in. Lower TAXES - Government OUT of Social Issues so much - more money in the hands of The People - More money going to Charity and The Church - the Church fullfills IT'S RESPONSIBILITY and the Government does it's job of defending America sothe American People can freely maintain the Freeist & Most Successful Nation in history. It appears the fine Dr. crossing is the very lines he has insisted upon for many years. www.ameritianity.com
10:44 AM on 08/18/2010
A simple thought: when did we cease, as people of God, to be our brother's (and sister's) keeper? I am involved in health care every day, for those who cannot afford it and our rugged individualism is killing people. As Christians, how can we live in community if we cannot overcome our desire for an individual faith? Christ did not call us to an individual faith, but to a faith community, to love our neighbor is community. Not love our Christian brother, love our neighbor. And as a contemplative, I must find the face of the living Christ in every person I encounter, without respect for religion, social status, or merit.
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Ravi Abunijad
11:43 PM on 08/01/2010
I don't mean to shut down the main arguments right away, but I don't believe that the Tea Party's anti-government sentiment translates into any type of libertarianism (though normally that would be a sensible comparison).

In contrast, the Tea Party has at best a very loose relationship with civil libertarianism; linked perhaps only by the most overt symbolic gestures, such as right to gun ownership. Tea Party adherents no doubt enjoy freedom of speech, but they also embrace social networks and public figures who oppose many civil liberties and rights. In that regard, I believe the Tea Party is quite authoritarian - given their attitudes toward immigrant groups, one could even argue that they are somewhat fascist. So, I cannot accept the premise that they are at all libertarian in nature.
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markpkessinger
12:34 AM on 08/01/2010
As a person of faith, I think the larger question -- larger than whether or not any particular political movement's or party's ideologies are compatible with Christian precepts -- is the question of whether our entire economic system, of "free market" capitalism, is fundamentally compatible with traditional Christian teaching. Many evangelicals (not all, but I would wager most), have made a golden calf out their notion of "personal responsibility," to the point that they feel little or no sense of collective responsibility for the poor or less fortunate. If they, themselves, are not directly affected by a particular socio-economic problem (e.g., deep, long-term, structural unemployment), I believe they conclude that it must be because of their own relative success (subtext: their own moral superiority) at the "personal responsibility" business, and thus, they tell themselves that, for example the long-term unemployed simply have not taken personal responsibility for finding and keeping a job. They can then piously (and perhaps even on some level sincerely) propound on the dangers of fostering "dependency." Of course, by this point, they are so far afield of what is taught in the Gospel as to be almost unrecognizable. They seem to forget that within the Jewish milieu in which Jesus taught, tithing (10% off the TOP, thank you) was a religious requirement, and the money was used to provide a sort of social safety net for the poor.
09:12 AM on 08/01/2010
As a American Christian I know our culture has produced far to much individualism and we don't hear the collective mindset taught by the Lord we claim to follow. For instance, when Jesus taught His disciples to pray He did not lead them to say - forgive "me" my debts and lead "me" not into temptation...but, forgive "us" our debts and lead "us" not into temptation... Something hard for and American Christian to do.

This morning I was reading about Christians and money and came across the following passage that I am sure is familiar to you. Your comments are much in line with it anyways.

Deut 8:13-20 ... when you have eaten and are satisfied, and have built good houses and lived in them, and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and gold multiply, and all that you have multiplies, then your heart will become proud and you will forget the Lord your God ...you may say in your heart, 'My power and the strength of my hand made me this wealth.' "But you shall remember the Lord your God, for it is He who is giving you power to make wealth... "It shall come about if you ever forget the Lord your God and go after other gods and serve them and worship them...you will surely perish. "Like the nations that the Lord makes to perish before you, so you shall perish...
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Pyrum
04:47 AM on 08/02/2010
One of the "other gods" referred to in your passage is likely the government. There's a reason why socialists are so often also atheists.
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Pyrum
04:53 AM on 08/02/2010
Keep in mind when people start thinking along the lines they pay their taxes and the government is responsible for providing that safety net for the poor, they tend to shirk their personal responsibilities and stop donating to private charity completely.
03:08 AM on 07/31/2010
Tea Party isn't libertarian. Libertarianism can be compatible with some Christian ideas but I am no expert on this. The only thing I can be sure of is that a large number of Tea Partiers do not support true libertarianism, they are quite much for intervention when it comes to sexuality, drugs, immigration, etc.
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ynori
One nation, indivisible
12:46 AM on 07/31/2010
Being an agnostic Libertarian, I guess I am off the hook, eh?

I would just like to point out that I registered Libertarian nearly 20 years ago because the Libertarian platform most closely resembled my own personal political feelings, but it wasn't my political panacea and there are many aspects of the Libertarian platform (which is at least consistent--Zing!) that I never really agreed with (like the NRA-coziness and whining about taxes even when they're low, etc.) I also registered Libertarian because I was bored with the Democrats and bemused by the Republicans--anything but them! There was also the Green Party (heh) and the Peace & Freedom Party (ha) and the "Decline to State" (Independent,) but the Libertarians seemed just staunch enough for a passionate 19-year-old while also being just irrelevant enough for a smirky 19-year-old. Perfect!

So, I don't own a gun, I don't whine about taxes, I don't understand the Tea Partiers and Ron Paul worries me, but I do think we are better citizens when we mind our own business and stop trying to save our fellow citizens from themselves. I also believe both the Democrats and the Republicans are equally guilty of trying to push their own lifestyle agendas on the rest of us citizens (sin taxes, religious symbols in public places, marijuana ban, abortion foes, seatbelt laws, etc.) I also believe anytime someone thinks, "There oughtta be a law!" then they've already lost my vote.
09:30 AM on 08/01/2010
I'm wondering what compels you to voice your opinion about these matters if you really hold such political views. How is turning away from your business to make political comments minding your own business? Or are we all confined to live with a measure of hypocrisy. I'm not trying to be rude, but I am in search of the best form of government mankind can produce. I think we have the ability to produce something better more now then ever before.

Have you ever seen the book "Ain't Nobody's Business If You Do"
http://mcwilliams.com/books/aint/toc.htm

From what little I've read of it I do think McWilliams' arguments ought to be considered more. You may find it interesting.
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WarmGingerTea
Lib Catholic Dem stranded in reddest part of FLA
08:56 PM on 08/01/2010
Wow! I can't decide if your response is rude, funny or sad. I almost don't know what to say. You're actually accusing someone of hypocrisy regarding "minding his own business" because he chooses to express an opinion on something? It's clear from his post above that when he says we're better off minding our own business he's referring to the tendency of political parties to push what he calls their "lifestyle agendas" on others, and not referring to someone just engaging in conversation. Get over it.
02:43 PM on 08/04/2010
I'm just trying to find out why the Libertarian party isn't bigger. I think it has to do with their desire to leave people alone. I like that idea, but is that what keeps people in the Libertarian Party from making the Party known? I've attending one of their meetings before and they joked about this. That is the only reason I bring it up the way I did because I think there is something inside of us that wants to share what is good with others. That, I think, ought to motivate those in the Party to speak up. If ever there was a time for such ideas to move forward it is now.
05:03 PM on 07/30/2010
"Today's [tea party] libertarian resurgence is at best an uneasy fit with Christian principles."

Whoa, way to make a stand there, Mr. Milquetoast.
08:15 PM on 07/30/2010
Weasels need lots of wiggle room.
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DeBartolo
02:07 PM on 07/30/2010
I'm a 77yo life-long DISGUSTED Republican who, after seeing Tea Party coverage on TV, decided to attend some meetings to determine if they were really that radical. A self-made businessman with employees in 7 states, we scheduled visits to those areas around Tea Party Rallies. Their racial signs, their racial slurs, their venemeous rhetoric of hate for President Obama (outside and insde the rallies) scared me really, really bad! The racial hate and ant-government mob chants reminded me of 1952 when S.C. Governor Strom Thurmond was running for President as a DIXIECRATE on his "Segragation Forever" platform. All that time, Thurmond had an illigitimate, bi-raical daugher HID on his family planation in Edgefield, S.C with her MINORITY mother. The racial hate and anti government chants of Thurmond's DIXIECRATE'S rallies IS the same hate I witnessed/ felt in at ALL the CHRISTIAN Tea Party Rallies. The DIXIECRATES said they were Christians on a mission from GOD. The Tea Party espouse the same message: WE ARE CHRISTIANS here to defeat the TYRANNY of the black President. Both are HYPOCRITES. I DID NOT SEE ANY CHRIST-LIKE ATTRIBUTES with the DIXIECRATES, and I DID NOT SEE ANY CHRIST-LIKE ATTRIBUTES with the CHRISTIAN TEA PARTY. My spirit has tells me to seperate myself from the GOP...there is TOO, TOO MUCH hate within the GOP CHRISTIAN TEA PARTY for our Black President.
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Pyrum
02:25 PM on 07/30/2010
O.K., but your experience with the Tea Party Rallies contrasts sharply with mine. I've never seen a racist sign or heard a racist slur at an event I've attended. I've never seen anyone behave hatefully, in fact, it's been quite the opposite: the crowds have been pleasant, well behaved and orderly. The speakers have rarely mentioned God or religion, much less evangelize on how the Tea Party movement is a Christian one on a mission from God! It really makes me wonder about the states you visited. My state certainly wasn't one of them.
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up420oz
06:48 PM on 07/30/2010
open your eyes next time.
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11:17 PM on 07/30/2010
Did yours have any news camera present? People tend to ham it up a little and put on a show.
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chaya
Another proud veteran
04:37 PM on 07/31/2010
Congratulations on seeing the light, DeBartolo.

It amazes me that so many are trying so hard to avoid seeing what is right in front of their eyes. Occasionally someone shouts, "The emperor has no clothes!"...and no one listens.
01:51 PM on 07/30/2010
Libertarians are followers of Ayn Rand who was anti-christan to say the least.Do they even know that?
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Pyrum
02:15 PM on 07/30/2010
Ayn Rand was an atheist, but she was not the only promoter of libertarianism.
02:39 PM on 07/30/2010
True enough , there are the anarchists too.
02:57 PM on 07/30/2010
True enough,Lots of anarchists too.Do they know that?
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phread
antiFA and proud of it
01:33 PM on 07/30/2010
the so-called yea party is simply an outlet for the extreme right wing...if they pursued their alleged principles of smaller gov't etc...they would have to be against the republican party. The current economic/financial troubles in the USA are the creation of the republican party as reagan and both bushes created big gov't and really big deficits with crippling debt.
12:45 PM on 07/30/2010
Ayn Rand said that religion is essentially incompatible with libertarianism because religion is just another form of Statism or collectivism -- with God as the authority. She would have dismissed this tea party movement.
01:53 PM on 07/30/2010
Her heros were sociopaths.Not kidding either.FACT>
02:37 PM on 07/30/2010
While I'm not a fan of hers, I would think you'd provide more to back up such an accusation.
10:00 AM on 07/30/2010
A point I do not see being raised is that this was a christian nation from the beginning when we had a significantly more constitutionally limited government. So in effect you are saying those that founded this nation were in a conundrum of their beliefs and their government.
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MatthewRobertson
I'm 26. I'm gay. I like film. I care about shit.
10:52 AM on 07/30/2010
We were NOT a Christian nation.
Our founding fathers knew first hand the dangers of associating any religion with the Government.
11:09 AM on 07/30/2010
I agree with keeping them separate, but what were we then?
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Pyrum
12:19 PM on 07/30/2010
Yes, the founding fathers did not want a specific church associated with the government, because they wanted people to be free to worship God as they choose, but they did acknowledge in the Declaration of Independence human rights "are endowed by their creator," which could easily be interpreted as a religious view.
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09:07 AM on 07/30/2010
As a democrat who happens to be a Christian as well, the Tea Party and the issues it presents are a conundrum, not one without solution, just one that runs deeply into roots long ago forsaken.
As well as I can understand them, which I admit is biased and under informed, it seems that they want to return to the fundamental foundation of our constitution with a republic form of government.
In order to do so would entail the return of GOD, not through a State mandated religion, but actively practiced by all members irregardless of what GOD they serve, both inside and outside of government. In essesence what we have today, but instead of proactively denying Christians an open voice they would encourage the voice.

I'm not sure about how they would pull this off, I'm not sure they even know.
I do get concerned when ever religion and government get intertwined, but all manners of service either to a God or to a ideals of man are forms of worship, and thusly forms of religion.

When government mandates over rule or try to replace Gods law then it's time to leave.
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
10:22 AM on 07/30/2010
To me they seem to want less government in corporate affairs (no regulations, EPA, DOE) but more gov't in personal affairs. They want more corporatte control of gov't and less voter control of government (they want to repeal the 17th Amendment).
10:44 AM on 07/30/2010
not sure how you came to that conclusion. liberty is personal freedom.
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11:03 AM on 07/30/2010
Devon:
I'm not so sure that is what they want, but if they don't plan to avoid this, that is what we will get.
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RockydaDog
08:31 AM on 07/30/2010
Its seems in vogue these days to be intolerant. (of somebody, something, somewhere).
I'm just getting started practicing a persona of being "offended" and "outraged" and now I'm expected to hop on the bandwagon of intolerance too? I'll tell ya, its hard to keep up with these trends.
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Puller58
Man of Mystery
08:25 AM on 07/30/2010
This is reading far more into the Tea Party than is there. This is a buffet style of politics where the members pick those issues that they like and tolerate the rest. Any religious influence in the Tea Party is merely a variant of the old conservative denominations that reflexively denounce things as being communism and atheistic. If you try and query Tea Party members on what libertarianism means, you'll likely get blank stares.