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Gareth Porter

Gareth Porter

Posted March 29, 2009 | 09:02 PM (EST)

Debunking the Rationale for War in Afghanistan


After the Bush administration went to war based on charges of WMD programs that were later found to have been nonexistent, you would think there would be a strong demand for a thorough examination of the strategic rationale the next time an administration proposes a new war or a major escalation of an existing one.

Yet there has been no public examination of the Obama administration strategic argument that the United States must do whatever is necessary in Afghanistan to ensure that al Qaeda cannot have a safe haven there. The assumption seems to be that that there is no need to inquire about the soundness of that premise, because al Qaeda planned the 9/11 terrorist attacks from Afghanistan.

But the rationale for U.S. military engagement in Afghanistan that seemed obvious in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks no longer applies today. Osama bin Laden and the central al Qaeda organization left Afghanistan in late 2001 for Pakistan, where they have now established an even more secure base than they had in Afghanistan, thanks to the strong organization of Islamic militants in the Northwest tribal region of Pakistan. So the real al Qaeda safe haven problem is not about Afghanistan but about Pakistan.

Instead of candidly acknowledging that the al Qaeda safe haven problem is located in Pakistan, however, Barack Obama's first major statement on the war in Afghanistan sought to obscure that problem. Obama said, "[W]e have a clear and focused goal: to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and to prevent their return to either country in the future."

That made it sound like al Qaeda still has a base in Afghanistan. The "White Paper" of his Interagency Policy Group, however, contradicts that formulation. It states the U.S. goal as "to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its safe havens in Pakistan, and to prevent their return to Pakistan or Afghanistan." Obama's suggestion that U.S. forces are somehow fighting to defeat al Qaeda in Afghanistan marks the first clear instance of playing fast and loose with the facts in order to increase the very weak public support for the war.

If the real problem is ending an al Qaeda safe haven in Pakistan, then going to war in Afghanistan makes sense only if one assumes that al Qaeda is going to be pushed out Pakistan or in danger of being destroyed there. The real question, therefore, is whether there is any realistic possibility that the Pakistan government can shut down al Qaeda's safe haven.

The honest answer must be that the possibility is vanishingly small -- at least for next generation. A report on Pakistan by a panel of experts headed by John Kerry and Chuck Hagel and published by the Atlantic Council last month provides a detailed analysis that suggests why it is so unlikely. It describes a Pakistani army that is demoralized and lacking a viable strategy for dealing with the burgeoning jihadi movement in the Northwest tribal region which has sheltered al Qaeda. It recalls how Pakistan was on the brink of economic collapse last fall, and was forced by the IMF to accept a crippling austerity plan. And it warns that a military takeover is likely if dramatic steps are not taken in the coming year, and that the military leadership is no better prepared than civilian politicians to cope with the country's problems.

Pakistan is not even on the U.S. side in its war against al Qaeda and the Taliban, as was confirmed by a report in the The New York Times March 25. Despite previous pledges that ISI, the Pakistani military's intelligence agency, had ended its covert assistance to the Taliban, The Times detaiIs ISI 's continuing provision of "money, military supplies and strategic planning guidance" to Taliban commanders fighting U.S. troops in Afghanistan. Ambassador Richard Holbrooke and CENTCOM chief Gen. David Petraeus conceded in an interviews with PBS that Pakistani assistance to the Taliban is a central problem and that trying to get the Pakistani military to end its support for the Taliban is their highest priority.

But the idea that the Obama administration's "regional strategy" is going to change a Pakistani strategic fixation on India that has persisted ever since the Pakistani military was created is nothing but wishful thinking. No less an enthusiast for war in Afghanistan than neoconservative military analyst Fred Kagan of the American Enterprise Institute testified at a House subcommittee hearing Thursday that the Pakistani Army actually defines itself in terms of the threat from India and opined that It would require "a multi-generational effort" to change that perspective.

As for closing down al Qaeda's sanctuary in Pakistan, a report by Craig Whitlock of the Washington Post from Pakistan last September showed that U.S. intelligence had no human assets in the tribal region, and that Pakistani military was doing nothing to change that. CIA Director Leon Panetta's statement that drone bombing attacks "are probably the most effective weapon we have to try to disrupt al Qaeda right now" is a pretty good indication that there is little chance of the United States rolling up al Qaeda in Pakistan unilaterally.

The war in Afghanistan is being justified, in effect, as a "preventive war," but the contingency it is supposed to prevent -- an al Qaeda base in Afghanistan -- is one that that isn't going to occur, regardless of the U.S. war in Afghanistan. In that regard, the rationale for this war is very much like the rationale for the invasion of Iraq, which was that the United States had to prevent the acquisition by Saddam Hussein of a nuclear weapon.

Although the war in Afghanistan cannot solve the al Qaeda problem in Pakistan, it can accelerate the destabilization of Pakistan and strengthening the jihadi movement there. Even air attacks by drone aircraft in Pakistan, which is now settled U.S. policy, create a powerful political backlash in favor of the militants in Pakistan. But once the administration's "regional" approach to changing Pakistani policy stalls, we can expect growing pressure from the military to resume U.S. Special Operations forces cross-border raids against Taliban sanctuaries inside Pakistan. And that would certainly lead to more serious destabilizing developments, such as increased ideological splits within the Pakistani military. The National Intelligence Council warned the Bush administration about the near certainty of such consequences last August, as I reported for IPS September 9.

The administration's rationale for escalating war in Afghanistan does not stand up to careful examination. Not only is Afghanistan not a war of necessity, as it is being portrayed by the administration; it is a war that is very likely to make the terrible mess in Pakistan substantially worse and increase the likelihood of spreading chaos in that country.

After the Bush administration went to war based on charges of WMD programs that were later found to have been nonexistent, you would think there would be a strong demand for a thorough examination of ...
After the Bush administration went to war based on charges of WMD programs that were later found to have been nonexistent, you would think there would be a strong demand for a thorough examination of ...
 
 
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07:43 PM on 03/31/2009
I agree that the true aims of the US strategy in Af/Pak is unclear. Maybe to make sense of what is going on, one must postulate that the most important goal is to prevent Pakistan's WMDs (mostly of the atomic variety, I assume) from falling into the hands of those who could use them in ways the US wouldn't like. Then having a US presence in military and intelligence, in those countries, starts to make sense.
03:37 AM on 03/31/2009
It is time to leave Middle East. Islamist terrorism no longer exists.
It was made to disappear single- handedly by the Homeland Security czar Neopolitano.
She revealed in an interview ( see below), that all terrorist acts will be now called "man made disasters." Problem solved!

So London, Bali, 9/11, Madrid, Mumbai--all "man caused disasters."

This the pinnacle, the Everest of PC speech. One must bow in reverence.

German magazine interview.:

"SPIEGEL: Madame Secretary, in your first testimony to the US Congress as Homeland Security Secretary you never mentioned the word "terrorism." Does Islamist terrorism suddenly no longer pose a threat to your country?

Napolitano: Of course it does. I presume there is always a threat from terrorism. In my speech, although I did not use the word "terrorism," I referred to "man-caused" disasters. "

http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,613330,00.html
03:02 AM on 03/31/2009
Probably the silliest PC term of the year.:

SPIEGEL: Madame Secretary, in your first testimony to the US Congress as Homeland Security Secretary you never mentioned the word "terrorism." Does Islamist terrorism suddenly no longer pose a threat to your country?

Napolitano: Of course it does. I presume there is always a threat from terrorism. In my speech, although I did not use the word "terrorism," I referred to "man-caused" disasters.

http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,613330,00.html

"MAN CAUSED Disasters"????
06:04 PM on 03/30/2009
Not one mention of the TAPI oil pipeline or the encircling of Russia justified with NATO troops well out of their treaty obligations in Central Asia?

This author is like all others and that is they have no clue what is going on in this world!
05:40 PM on 03/30/2009
I concede most of the author's points.....

It seems the article stops short in that if we do not continue the current strategy.... what do we do??? I am interested in the authors opinion on that.

Do we just pick up and leave??? It seems that if we did that - Al Qaeda would return from the tribal areas of Pakistan to no good end.

Unfortunatley - while it is easy to start a war unilaterally - it is difficult to end one unilaterally.
12:36 AM on 03/31/2009
What unilateralism are you talking about?
the war was conducted largely by U.S. supported Afghans sick and tired of Taliban
And now many countries are involved in Afghanistan action.
01:49 AM on 03/31/2009
"Well, he forgot Poland..."

lol
04:32 PM on 03/31/2009
Good point, the author makes no mention of what we should do in Afghanistan. Like most liberals it's eaiser to bitch, moan, and groan about "evil American" actions than to provide any sort of alternative.
12:01 PM on 03/30/2009
Great post Gereth, you make some very good points. Most telling is your point on how the IMF has yet again on the brink of destroying another nation through its' imposed austerity programs that do nothing to strengthen the economy of the country but cause an untold amount of suffering for the people, leaving them open to the sway of radical extremist.
I must however, disagree with your conclusions. The situation in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and all of Central Asia cannot be ignored or downplayed. The entire region is in danger of being taken over by a terrorist/druglord/rightwing cabal that has ties to the drug lords of Mexico, Columbia and South America, as well as the extremist groups in the Middle East. If this situation gets out of hand we will all pay dearly for it.
12:00 PM on 03/30/2009
Turn the mideast Crusade over to the UN. If they don't want to do anything about it then fine. Both Iraq and Afghanistan are a giant waste of lives and treasure for the US. Afghanistan is populated with people two steps out of the Stone Age with 40% of its chief export being opium and heroin.

While 7.3 million people in the US are locked up in prison with 60% of them on drug charges, American soldiers daily patrol through acres and acres of opium poppies with nothing said because it is a major crop and they don't want to destabilize the economy. What hypocrisy!

No matter how many lives and money is lost, you won't be able to teach these people to grow cotton instead of opium. Afghanistan is a complete waste and not worth the effort. The US isn't going to have any more luck than the Soviets, the British, Napoleon or Alexander the Great. Get out now while you still have your skin!
11:56 AM on 03/30/2009
"The administration's rationale for escalating war in Afghanistan does not stand up to careful examination. "

Then this careful examination needs to be attempted. This is not it.
11:55 AM on 03/30/2009
"If the real problem is ending an al Qaeda safe haven in Pakistan, then going to war in Afghanistan makes sense only if one assumes that al Qaeda is going to be pushed out Pakistan or in danger of being destroyed there."

No, the real problem is to to prevent Taliban/AQ alliance from re-assuming control over the state of Afghanistan.
AS WELL AS to solve the issue of Pakistanis inability ( unwillingness) to defeat Taliban/AQ alliance in Pakistan itself.

This can be achieved by a combination of diplomacy, reconstruction... and ( approx.)trifold increase in military presence.
12:31 PM on 03/30/2009
No, the real problem is to restrain the US military from conquering Afghanistan for its resources and pipeline routes.
AND keep the US government from harming Pakistan any further by continued meddling in Pakistan's affairs.
12:34 AM on 03/31/2009
Many countries are involved in occupation of Afghanistan in full support of U.N. Get off your narrow anti-American tunnel vision.
11:32 AM on 03/30/2009
Great article.
11:29 AM on 03/30/2009
Thank-you, Gareth. You remain our best reporter on the whole region. I want to believe that Obama is trying to earn a decent policy toward Afghanistan--civil reform with lots of humanitarian aid--by paying huge down payments, almost ransom, to the military project so the troops can retire in the honor they crave, but you make it plain how self-defeating that attempted sleight of hand really is. What al-Quaeda represents is a supranational middle eastern resentment against the way the world order has governed Islamic homelands. To continue to regard it as the problem of national states is probably also self-defeating. We need multilateral negotiations led by Islamic-majority nations, to defuse the desperate resort to violence. Nobody is talking to them; so they talk for their millions of supporters with bombs.
11:14 AM on 03/30/2009
Well that solves it then. Mr. Porter has obviously pondered and studied all the relevant intelligence material during his hours of security briefings. Of course President Obama would disagree because he has actually seen facts and talked to those who really know what is at stake in both countries and what the proper course of action needs to be. I put my faith on the President's evaluation over a journalist's assumptions.
11:07 AM on 03/30/2009
When Bush said it was about WMDs or spreading democracy, we didn’t believe him.

Now, Obama says it’s all about keeping us ‘safe’. That’s what the ‘war on terror’ means.

Apparently, having peaceful relations and avoiding war are no longer the guiding principles of foreign policy.
Now we must believe that the elimination of ‘threats’ should govern our policy. And who better to find threats than our military analysts? They can find threats anywhere, anytime, and an unlimited number of them. They also like recommending measures to eliminate all potential threats, no matter how extreme. How to stop every small conspiratorial group potentially armed with box-cutters? That certainly will take a massive spy apparatus, a global police state, mass arrests and mass liquidations, at the very least.

Unilateral and illegal invasions and attacks, covert and overt wars, torture and renditions, more occupations and more military bases., all will be necessary - to keep US safe. Yes, ‘safety’ is our goal, our safety over all.

But, wait , how will endless war make us safe? Won’t that create endless enemies, endless resentment? Won’t our liberties be eroded by endless ‘war’. Won’t democracy be corrupted as wealth and power is channeled to arms merchants and war contractors? Won’t our civilian infrastructure, our cities, our schools everything be shortchanged to pay for ‘security’?
Isn’t this all still just about securing resources, pipelines, and profits for a war industry?

No, no, we are told we just don‘t understand. It’s about keeping us ‘safe’.
11:07 AM on 03/30/2009
Excellent post--too bad it's not in a prominent position on HuffPost's front page. Recently Tomdispatch has had some good pieces on Afghanistan, including Pepe Escobar's piece on Pipelineistan, which makes clear the reason why the US is staying on.

http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175050
10:17 AM on 03/30/2009
Obama uses the Cheney sales pitch - Juan Cole comments. -

http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2009/03/30/afghanistan/
07:08 PM on 04/03/2009
Just heard Gareth Porter on "Counterspin" mention something that's apparently verboten in the Main Stream Media: there is no Al Queda in Afghanistan now. I've heard Senator Kerry get Obama administration appointee on record (twice) saying exactly the same.
While our President -- but not his cadre -- says to the American public there is. This is sheer propaganda -- and as dangerous as Bush's insistence on the 'mushroom cloud' and non-existent WMD in Iraq.
Been there, done that. Surely we're awake enough now to resist the seduction into another dangerous, unnecessary war -- nevermind ESCALATION.