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Mark Hyman, MD

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Eat Your Medicine: Food as Pharmacology

Posted: 10/18/2011 8:23 am

What you put at the end of your fork is more powerful medicine than anything you will find at the bottom of a pill bottle. Food is the most powerful medicine available to heal chronic disease, which will account for more than 50 million deaths and cost the global economy $47 trillion by 2030. All you need to do is eat your medicine and think of your grocery store as your pharmacy. The Chinese have known this for centuries.

A Revelation About Food from My Recent Trip to China

Recently I went to Asia to lecture on prevention, wellness, health, nutrition and the new field of nutrigenomics, the science of how molecules in food interact with our genes to support or interfere with our health. I came away feeling humbled and awed as I realized that the average Chinese person knows more about the medicinal properties of food than I do after years of research. Medicinal foods are part of their everyday diet.

The word for eating in Chinese is comprised of two characters: chi fan, or eat rice. The word for taking medicine is chi yao, or eat medicine. The ancient culinary traditions of China created meals for pleasure as well as healing.

Beyond simply being a mechanism for conveying calories, food is a source of special ingredients than can prevent and treat disease and transform your health. These are called phytonutrients -- special plant chemicals that are not calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, but special molecules that interact with your biology, special molecules that act like switches on your DNA to heal your body.

Food contributes to your experiences of taste, texture, delight, energy and nourishment. In China, food is all that and a source of medicinal healing compounds known to support well-being and health.

I learned more about food from matter-of-fact discussions about the healing properties of food I shared with my Chinese hosts than from my hours researching medical journals.

A top executive of the Asian branch of a financial services company took me to dinner with his wife at a fine Chinese restaurant. Each dish not only delighted the palate and satisfied the stomach, but with each bite I was aware that I was eating medicine.

While modern scientists are rapidly discovering new molecules, the phytonutrients in food that have medicinal properties and enhance health through improving the function of genes and metabolism, the ancient Chinese have incorporated this knowledge into their cuisine for thousands of years. There is no distinction between food and medicine in Asia.

They Eat Their Medicine.

After 20 years of practice, treating thousands of patients with chronic illnesses, I recognized, yet again, that the most powerful tool in my toolkit is food. Not surgery, not medication. What I saw in China is what I have been teaching my patients for decades: to literally eat their medicine and heal through food.

However, the notion that food is anything other than calories for energy and sustaining life is foreign to most Westerners.

Beyond Calories: Food as Information

Food contains information that speaks to our genes, not just calories for energy. We are learning from research in the field of nutrigenomics, that good "talks" to our DNA switching on or off genes that lead to health or disease. What you eat programs your body with messages of health or illness.

In Asia, I was speaking to the converted, simply illuminating with science what they have applied every day for thousands of years.

For example, a recent scientific review of the effects of glucomannan, a soluble fiber derived from the Asian potato-like tuber, Amorphophallus konjac, and its effects on obesity establishes the value of traditional foods as medicine.

Long used to make konnyaku, a jelly prepared in Japan for more than 1,500 years, and whose medicinal properties were appreciated as early as the sixth century, konjac fiber or glucomannan has multiple benefits. Konjac is much more viscous than usual fibers, retaining up to 17 times its weight in water. Expanding in the stomach and small and large intestine, it absorbs fat, accelerates elimination, reduces cholesterol, blunts sugar absorption and facilitates weight loss, in part by increasing feelings of satiety.

In short, it helps you lose weight and get healthy.

This is only one among thousands of examples of what modern science is teaching us about the healing properties of food. But in Asia, dinner has long been a date with the doctor. Dinner with my hosts was full of wonderfully presented, delicious and sometimes mysterious ingredients. Some of the ingredients were unusual, such as the mild, crunchy white tree fungus, bai mu er, which enhances detoxification and improves the complexion.

A mixed vegetable dish also included sweet, oval and nutty ginkgo nuts to help increase circulation, improve cognitive function and acts as a powerful antioxidant.

The earthy shitake or Chinese black mushrooms boost immunity through special polysaccharide molecules.

The crisp, deep green gai lan or Chinese broccoli contains glucosinolates that improve detoxification, prevent cancer, and is rich in minerals such as calcium and magnesium, folic acid and many other vitamins and antioxidants.

The deep red crispy Peking duck skin is colored with Chinese red rice yeast, known to contain a statin-like substance that lowers cholesterol.

A mellow fish maw and ginseng soup increases energy, helps us adapt to stress and provides easily digested protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Chicken with ginger and bitter melon reduces inflammation, helps detoxification and balances blood sugar.

Even dessert was healing. A warm, barely sweet longhan soup with lotus seeds and quail eggs was soothing and nourishing. Longhan improves blood pressure and anemia; lotus seeds enhance male sexual function, alleviate diarrhea, is calming and reduces palpitations. Quail eggs are an easily digestible source of protein, folate, choline and reduces the overall sugar load of this mildly sweetened dessert.

A cooling gelatin of aloe and lemon balm washed down the dinner while reducing inflammation.

Aromatic Jasmine tea accompanied the meal, a green tea that improves metabolism, enhances detoxification, reduces inflammation and the risk for cancer as well as helps chelate heavy metals in food.

The limited knowledge of Western science about food is overshadowed by the centuries old Chinese wisdom of medicinal foods to fill the belly, nourish the soul and heal the body. If we recognize that we all chi yao or eat medicine, then achieving robust health may not be such a bitter pill to swallow. Here's what to do:

Think Color!

Plants use colors as their protective mechanisms. Those colors are the sources of the phytonutrient that act like medicine in our bodies. We use their defense mechanisms to help our bodies function better -- these are the anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, antioxidant and hormone-balancing compounds that we should eat every day to prevent disease and create optimal health or UltraWellness!

The vast array of colors in vegetables represent more than 25,000 chemicals that are beneficial. There is evidence that interaction between the colors provides additional benefits, so it's important to have a diverse diet and eat different foods.

Fruits and vegetables are historically and biologically important. Our ancestors, the hunter-gatherers, ate more than 800 varieties of plant foods.

Each color represents a different family of healing compounds. Though we have selectively bred the colors we eat into very narrow ranges in nature vegetables comes in a painter's palate of color. There are red carrots in India, we eat orange ones. There are 150 varieties of sweet peas, but only a few are available to us. We need to make an extra effort to eat many different foods to get the full range of benefits.

Here are a few tips to put healing medicines in your diet without swallowing a pill. If there were a better drug on the market I would prescribe it, but there isn't, so eat your medicine every day.

Remember eat the rainbow!

Red Group (tomatoes, pink grapefruit, watermelon)

These contain the carotenoid lycopene, which helps rid the body of free radicals that damage genes. Lycopene seems to protect against prostate cancer as well as heart and lung disease. Processed juices contain a lot of the beneficial ingredients. One glass of tomato juice gives you 50 percent of the recommended lycopene.

Yellow/Green Group (spinach greens, collard greens, mustard greens, turnip greens, yellow corn, green peas, avocado, honeydew melon)

These are sources of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. These are believed to reduce the risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Lutein is a yellow-green substance that concentrates in the back of your eye. It may also reduce atherosclerosis.

Orange Group (carrots, mangos, apricots, cantaloupes, pumpkin, acorn squash, winter squash, sweet potatoes)

These contain alpha carotene, which protects against cancer. They also contain beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. It protects the skin against free-radical damage and helps repair damaged DNA. Beta-carotene is also good for night vision. It's important to note that these beneficial nutrients can be received from other foods, too. For instance, vitamins found in dairy products and meat. But it's not as beneficial because you get high calories and fat along with it.

Orange/Yellow Group (pineapple, orange juice, oranges, tangerines, peaches, papayas, nectarines)

These contain beta cryptothanxin, which helps cells in the body communicate and may help prevent heart disease. In addition, a single orange contains 170 percent of the recommended daily vitamin C. It's interesting to note that the skin of an orange is high in a protective fat that has been found to kill cancer cells in humans and animals, which highlights the fact that two-thirds of all drugs come from the plant world.

Red/Purple Group (beets, eggplant, purple grapes, red wine, grape juice, prunes, cranberries, blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, red apples)

These are loaded with powerful antioxidants called anthocyanins believed to protect against heart disease by preventing blood clots. They may also delay the aging of cells in the body. There is some evidence they may help delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Green Group (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage or bok choi, kale)

These contain the chemicals sulforaphane and isocyanate, and they also contain indoles, all of which help ward off cancer by inhibiting carcinogens. It's a fact that 10 percent of the population -- like George Bush Sr. -- doesn't like broccoli. But it is important in diets because of the beneficial chemicals it contains.

White/Green Group (leeks, scallions, garlic, onions, celery, pears, white wine, endive, chives)

The onion family contains allicin, which has anti-tumor properties. Other foods in this group contain antioxidant flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol.

Now I'd like to hear from you:

How many fruits and vegetables do you eat a day?

How many colors do you eat?

How many different kinds of vegetables do you eat a day or week? (You might realize you only eat a few common ones over and over -- branch out and eat all the colors and varieties.)

To your good health,

Mark Hyman, M.D.

Mark Hyman, M.D. is a practicing physician, founder of The UltraWellness Center, a four-time New York Times bestselling author, and an international leader in the field of Functional Medicine. You can follow him on Twitter, connect with him on LinkedIn, watch his videos on YouTube, become a fan on Facebook, and subscribe to his newsletter.

 
 
 

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08:04 PM on 10/29/2011
Thank you to Dr Hyman for this article that articulates the benefits of natural foods that not only sustain you but bring you to a place of optimum health! This allows you to choose between toxic, chemical ridden boxed food or abundant, nutrient dense Super-foods. The power of awareness gives you the ability to choose optimum health and a sense of vitality!

Christa O’Leary http://www.homeinharmonydesigns.com/Welcome.html
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Home-in-Harmony/114087798625547
05:42 PM on 10/22/2011
"What you put at the end of your fork is more powerful medicine than anything you will find at the bottom of a pill bottle. Food is the most powerful medicine available to heal chronic disease"

This statement is highly questionable.

Much of the information in the article was valid and useful. Unfortunately, this type of statement dilutes the benefit.

By implying that a healthy diet is in contrast with, rather than a complement to, medical treatment, the risk that ill-informed readers will forego needed medical treatment is created.

While many chronic conditions may be exacerbated by poor diet and sedentary lifestyle, and while good nutrition and healthy exercise are obviously to be recommended, there is no need to inaccurately suggest that these habits alone are a complete replacement for modern medicine.

Trauma, acute infection, and a large number of conditions whose etiology is not perfectly understood can strike anyone, and for most such things, a claim that a healthy diet will solve the problem is at best unsupported, if not absurd.

Even for conditions for which healthy diet and healthy exercise are known to strongly lower risk, these habits still just do that - lower risk. They do not lower risk to zero. Nothing does. Diet and exercise work best if they are understood to be complements to modern medicine.
10:52 AM on 10/21/2011
food is your medicine!
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Jon Burr
bassist, producer, food blogger
01:48 AM on 10/21/2011
I wrote a blog post upon returning from Japan -
http://jonburr.wordpress.com/2011/09/12/the-japanese-breakfast-is-amazingly-good-for-you/
Natto, sea vegetables, probiotics, phytonutrients... millions of people eating rice up to three times a day, with among the lowest rates of diabesity, metabolic syndrome, heart disease...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Chuck Bluestein
Always searching for latest health breakthrough
07:43 PM on 10/20/2011
Great article! People can also compare it to Dr Fuhrman's recent Huffington Post article GOMBBS: Greens, Onions, Mushrooms, Beans, Berries and Seeds. The title of your article is outstanding. In Japan thousands of years ago they left some soybeans in a barn on some hay and the rain was leaking in. It created a sort of growth with sticky stuff on it, but they ate it. Now it a popular fermented food there called natto. It is an acquired taste but not too bad at first.

Studies show that natto is great for cardiovascular health. It prevents blood clotting and can lower cholesterol. The enzyme in it is sold as a supplement. Natto also contains vitamin K-2. This helps to take the calcium out of the arteries where it forms plaque and put it into the bones. Wikipedia says that it contains vitamin PQQ, which is important for the skin. I never heard of that vitamin.

Plant foods contain thousands of phytochemicals that are great for health like lycopene in tomatoes, resveratrol in grapes and curcumin in tumeric. Webmd.com even has an article saying that orange juice lowers high blood pressure (HBP)due to the hesperdin in it. There are actually a number of foods that lower high blood pressure. http://bit.ly/oL0Oli 40% of Americans over age 40 have hypertension (HBP).
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tchoupitoulav1
02:59 PM on 10/20/2011
What food should you eat if you suffer from anxiety attacks and depression?ANy suggestions anyone?
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Chuck Bluestein
Always searching for latest health breakthrough
01:14 AM on 10/21/2011
There is no one food that will help with this. Make sure you are getting enough B vitamins and omega-3 essential fatty acids. Try to eat a healthy diet with lots of plant foods like described above. Try to avoid animal foods. Why? The animals are very afraid before they are killed so their bodies are loaded with fear chemicals. Also exercise can help but yoga will make a big difference. Here is an article called 6 Yoga Poses for Depression and Anxiety on Huffington Post. http://huff.to/rbbYik
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tchoupitoulav1
04:45 AM on 10/21/2011
Thanks Chuck Bluestien!!!! Very thoughtful of you.
10:12 AM on 10/21/2011
It is a combination of "doing" as well as "eating." Salmon with Omega-3 fatty acids and many types of nuts (don't be a 'nut', just eat them, haha!?). Avoid foods and drinks with artificial coloring, avoid caffiene as much as possible, alcohol can also trigger an anxiety attack. I read an atricle (can't remember where) that suggests "Valarian root as a sleep aid and reduces anxiety and reduces mood swings, and St. John's Wort, however it interferes with birth control and is a blood-thinner! So be careful! Remember, mind and body always support each other. Think healthy thoughts, eat healthy foods, and do positive phisical activity (in an amount that your mind and body can handle - - never overdo). I do martial arts and cardio kickboxing because it totally occupies my mind and body so as to keep out unwanted thoughts for a kind of mental nap from anxiety; and any exercise produces seratonin with is the natural happy drug in your brain (hence exercise makes you happy/ier). Good luck and I hope this helps. PS "cognitive behavioral therapy" is another option, but if you practice happiness habits everyday, they become part of your life! S :)
05:44 PM on 10/19/2011
Fantastic article! I'm going to repost it on Twitter.
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MsIrisMG
Why not me?
03:19 PM on 10/19/2011
I like to make a simple soup with mixed vegetables, beef broth & lentils.
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henriette and hube
my goal is to live each day
01:19 PM on 10/19/2011
I'm reading Dr. Fuhrman's new book on the immune system and highly recommend to everyone. Lots of information of too many meeds and their harm and flu shots. Doctors are all to quick to pull out that prescription pad. Food is your best medicine a very wise man said years ago and wrote a book with same title and it still hold true today as then if not more so.
07:43 AM on 10/19/2011
Caution: Are we eating too much medicine? The more the better concept permeates both Eastern and Western consciousness. Putting some thought into how much healthy food to eat is just as important as which foods to eat.
09:59 AM on 10/19/2011
I would be willing to bet money on the fact that 99.99% of the population are not in danger of eating too many fruits and vegetables.
Boopsie2008
Hold the Vision-Trust the Process: Obama/Biden
11:31 PM on 10/18/2011
This was a fascinating background to understanding medicinal foods. Also, I appreciate the chart. I'm going to print it out and tape it up to my refrigerator.
10:56 PM on 10/18/2011
When I have a cold, I don't use medicine. I take some garlic, some ginger, some tea and then I feel better. Many medicines are around us, but we're so use to prescription drugs that we don't see it. More people need to start looking at food for good herbal remedies.

Same with beauty products. If you can't eat it, then it's not good for your skin/body.
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500 a
PATRIOTS AGAINST THE PATRIOT ACT !!!
01:32 AM on 10/19/2011
Agreed.  There are a lot of alternatives that can reduce most symptoms.  We need to allow our bodies to release the dis-ease.
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Gabriele Vaitkeviciute
Soulless atheist in search of world peace
09:54 AM on 10/19/2011
I do the same when I get sick :) except the garlic part :) I also like to add honey and lemon to my green tea. It helps every time.
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Waterphoneman
artist, musician, inventor & mouth from the south
09:03 PM on 10/18/2011
Well said and thought out. The USA is in the dark ages when it comes to healthy eating. And due to the pharmaceutical companies who feed doctors some of the worst information in order to sell their products. The AMA and the FDA both need an overhauling so we can get to the truth about drugs and food and what is really good and not so good. Anything short of this this is a scam for making money and will kill people.
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sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
06:48 AM on 10/19/2011
pharmaceut­ical companies who feed doctors some of the worst informatio­n

it's bribery and doctors as professionals oughtn't to go along with it..
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Caru
Politics is fun to watch.
03:59 PM on 10/18/2011
Food is very important to health. This is true. However, there is an unscientific bent in many articles purporting the health benefits of this food or that food and it should be watched out for.
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kkdc
chiropractor, functional medicine approach, therap
03:39 PM on 10/18/2011
I didn't see Dr. Hyman dismiss vitamins. Depending on the quality of micronutrients, they can be helpful when someone's help has really slipped; if they've been through and illness, or have a gut dysbiosis that is making hard to absorb everything from the diet. Micronutrients in the form of supplements are just another kind of food, in this case, concentrated. I believe it's better to eat whole fruit than drink juice, but juice is still a food. Great post Dr. Hyman