iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Mark Hyman, MD

GET UPDATES FROM Mark Hyman, MD
 

How Malnutrition Causes Obesity

Posted: 03/08/2012 7:12 am

Americans are overfed and undernourished. That's right, the most obese children and adults in the country are also the most nutritionally deficient (1)!

How can those two things possibly co-exist?

The mistake is to think that if you eat an abundance of calories, your diet automatically delivers all the nutrients your body needs. But the opposite is true. The more processed food you eat, the more vitamins you need. That's because vitamins and minerals lubricate the wheels of our metabolism, helping the chemical reactions in our bodies run properly. Among those biochemical processes greased by nutrients is the regulation of sugar and burning of fat. The problem is that the standard American diet (SAD) is energy dense (too many calories) but nutrient poor (not enough vitamins and minerals). Too many "empty calories" confuse the metabolism and pack on the pounds.

A Nutritionally Deficient Culture

After reviewing the major nutritional research over the last 40 years and doing nutritional testing on over 10,000 patients -- I can tell you that Americans are suffering from massive nutritional deficiencies. What I see in my office is reflected in the scientific literature. Upwards of 30 percent of American diets fall short of such common plant-derived nutrients as magnesium, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Vitamin A (2). More than 80 percent of Americans are running low on Vitamin D (3). And nine out of 10 people are deficient in omega-3 fats, which are critical for staving off inflammation and controlling blood sugar levels. (For more information, plus a quiz on where your nutritional imbalances lie, see The Blood Sugar Solution).

So, what happened? Why are we so undernourished?

* Food is less nutritious. Processed foods, stuffed with high fructose corn syrup, refined flours and trans fats-are a modern phenomenon. These foods crowd out more nutrient-dense foods because they are inexpensive and convenient. Your grandmother wouldn't recognize most of the foods filling the center aisles of our grocery stores today. Imagine what early humans would think of Lunchables! Our species evolved eating foods that contained dramatically higher levels of all vitamins, minerals, and essential fats (4). Wild game is leaner and healthier than animals raised in factory farms. Plus, the meats and fish eaten by hunter-gatherers were almost always fresh. Most store bought meat today are laced with chemicals, such as nitrates, used to process and preserve.

*Soil is being squeezed. There is a reason our food is less nutritious, industrial farming is depleting the nutrients in the country's farmland. As a result, most vegetables harvested today have fewer nutrients than those plucked from the ground just two generations ago. One of the largest and most compelling studies on this topic was published in 2004 in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Using data from the USDA's archives, a team of scientists looked at the nutrient content of 43 fruits and vegetables -- everything from rutabaga to honeydew -- grown in 1950 and compared them to the identical fruits and veggies grown in 1999. Their findings were disturbing. Levels of calcium were down 16 percent, iron 15 percent, and Vitamin C 20 percent (5). Not a single nutrient had increased in the past 50 years.

Because those foods contain fewer nutrients, the servings we do eat don't deliver as much nutrition as they once did. Fewer nutrients means lowered immunity and increased vulnerability to chronic disease and obesity. When your body doesn't get the right nutrition, it just keeps asking for more food. The endless cycle of craving a Catch-22; people are eating more, getting fatter, but still not feeling satisfied -- it's a nightmare from which they can't escape.

*Refining kills nutrients. In general, foods are stripped of their nutrients during the refining process. One of the most telling examples of this mistake is wheat. The process of refining whole wheat flour into white reduces the fiber by 80 percent and slashes levels of essential minerals, vitamins, and phytonutrients (6). Eventually, food manufacturers started adding synthetic versions of the most important vitamins and minerals back into food and call the food "enriched." But the idea that you can process out nutrients, such as B vitamins in the making of white flour, and then add them back is reductionistic and neglects the synergistic qualities of food. Food makers call these "enriched foods" but that's only because they are so impoverished in the first place!

Three Ways to Grab More Nutrient-rich Calories

  • Eat more plant-based foods: Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, beans, and whole grains are the foundation of a lifelong ultraprevention diet. They are high in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, fiber, and essential fatty acids. These foundation foods also eliminate the many triggers of chronic illness, such as saturated fat, trans fat, sugar and toxic food additives.
  • Prioritize healthy plant-based fats: The best way to eat most of your fat is in the form of extra-virgin olive oil, flax, nuts, and seeds with minimal amounts of properly processed (expeller-pressed) vegetable oils. Avoid oils that do not state the method of extraction or have a bitter aftertaste or rancid flavor.
  • Dine on modest amounts of lean animal protein: The best sources are small cold-water fish that don't contain high levels of metals and other contaminants. Healthy fish choices include sardines, herring, mackerel, salmon, trout, and arctic char. Wild game, such as wild elk and deer, are also rich sources of omega-3 fats because of the wild plants they eat.

Remember, food is your best medicine! Whole foods are naturally packaged with a vast array of nutrients that work synergistically to optimize your health. They ripple throughout our entire physiology, reducing inflammation, boosting detoxification, balancing hormones, and providing powerful antioxidant protection -- all things that repair the underlying causes of disease.

To learn more please see The Blood Sugar Solution. Get one book or get two and give one to someone you love -- you might be saving their life. When you purchase the book from this link you will automatically receive access to the following special bonuses:

  • Special Report -- Diabetes and Alzheimer's: The Truth About "Type 3 Diabetes" and How You Can Avoid It.
  • More Delicious Recipes: 15 Additional Ways to Make The Blood Sugar Solution as Tasty as It's Healthy!
  • Dr. Hyman's UltraWellness Nutrition Coaching -- FREE for 30 days!
  • Hour 1 of The Blood Sugar Solution Workshop DVD

Now I'd like to hear from you...

Do you feel nutrient-starved?

Is the majority of your diet processed foods?

Are you overweight from eating empty calories?

Please leave your thoughts by adding a comment below.

To your good health,

Mark Hyman, MD

References:

(1) Gillis L, Gillis A. Nutrient inadequacy in obese and non-obese youth. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2005 Winter;66(4):237-42.
(2)Compiled by Dr. Gerald Combs, USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, as viewed in Linda Pollak and Philipp Simon, "Strategic Goal 5: Improve the Nation's Nutrition and Health," presentation at "Plant Breeding: A Vital Capacity for U.S. National Goals," workshop, Raleigh, North Carolina, February 2007.
(3)Reis JP, et al. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in the United States adolescent population. Pediatrics. 2009 Aug 3.
(4)Cordain L, et al.. Origin and evolution of the Western diet: Health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 8 (2):341-54. Review.
(5)Changes in USDA Food Composition Data for 43 Garden Crops, 1950 to 1999," Journal of the CAN, vol23, no6
(6) Jonnalagadda SS, et al. Putting the whole grain puzzle together: Health benefits associated with whole grains--summary of the American Society for Nutrition 2010 Satellite Symposium. The Journal of Nutrition. 2011 March 30

Mark Hyman, M.D. is a practicing physician, founder of The UltraWellness Center, a four-time New York Times bestselling author, and an international leader in the field of Functional Medicine. You can follow him on Twitter, connect with him on LinkedIn, watch his videos on YouTube, become a fan on Facebook, and subscribe to his newsletter.

 
 
 

Follow Mark Hyman, MD on Twitter: www.twitter.com/markhymanmd

FOLLOW HEALTHY LIVING
 
 
  • Comments
  • 220
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4  Next ›  Last »  (4 total)
12:47 AM on 03/15/2012
What about the antinutrients in those plant foods that supply most calories? Many of the missing nutrients, for example vitamins A and E, omega 3s, are found in animal fats.
Many people cannot make vitamin A from carotenes or DHA from ALA.
The problem is not that people eat too much meat or animal fat, but that what plant foods they do eat are the worst ones; grains and their products, soy ditto, sugar and other sweeteners.
However lean ancient animals like mammoths were, which is debatable, traditional hunters go for the fattiest meats first; our ancestors broke bones to get at marrow and brain, which are very fatty organs.
Lean muscle meat is an abomination that no previous humans have ever singled out as the only worthwhile part of any animal. Meat is a wholefood, and removing fat is an unnatural way of processing it. Can you see anyone in previous centuries saying "lets cut off the fat and eat this with vegetable oil instead"?
05:57 AM on 03/14/2012
The info about soil nutrient depletion is disturbing. Unfortunately it will probably be one of the first things readers will forget. It seems like people are generally paying more attention to where their food comes from these days, but more consumer education is needed. We should look for and support industrial farmers that don't deplete calcium, iron, Vitamin C, and other nutrients from soil. Assuming crop rotation, no-till farming, and contouring slopes to control erosion haven't done enough to maintain soil nutrients, we need to continue to research other techniques to improve soil nutrient content (i.e., besides loading up on fertilizers). Another item to consider: Is it safe to assume that organic farmers have nutrient rich soils? Does the organic label necessarily guarantee a product was grown in nutrient rich soil? Are their soils tested regularly to show that their products aren't just pesticide/hormone-free, but also have higher nutrient content than products from industrial farms? What about the soil in a typical backyard garden-perhaps fertilized with compost from the household? Should we assume that soil is high in nutrients & not contaminated? Maybe we should encourage regular soil testing at industrial and organic farms as well as home gardens to make sure it is not depleted or contaminated, and will produce high-nutrient produce. Thanks to the author of this article for considering soil nutrient depletion and how it impacts nutrition.
photo
lionstar
There is no 'try'.
08:39 PM on 03/11/2012
Phytates present in whole grains bind and prevent the absorption of dietary minerals. Paleo enthusiasts thus refer to these chemicals as anti-nutrients and ban them from their diet. They might be right, or then again they could be wrong, but this article does not address this issue in the least--I would definitely call that an over-sight.
08:28 PM on 03/11/2012
Good information and, unfortunately, the truth. Our industrial food system is geared for profit and shelf-life. The "customer" hardly fits into the equation except for marketing considerations. One glaring omission is the effects of milk and dairy products consumption. Many people don't have lactase which is necessary to digest milk and suffer the physical consequences. Added growth hormones and antibiotics clearly do us harm. The Dairy lobby protects this industry from serious study of dairy's deleterious effects and prevents open discussion of its corporate welfare. Milk doesn't do a body good!
10:47 PM on 03/11/2012
Not to mention HFCS, which is a terrible substitute for sugar and causes obesity and metabolic disease..
"A Princeton University research team has demonstrated that all sweeteners are not equal when it comes to weight gain: Rats with access to high-fructose corn syrup gained significantly more weight than those with access to table sugar, even when their overall caloric intake was the same.

In addition to causing significant weight gain in lab animals, long-term consumption of high-fructose corn syrup also led to abnormal increases in body fat, especially in the abdomen, and a rise in circulating blood fats called triglycerides. The researchers say the work sheds light on the factors contributing to obesity trends in the United States."
https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S26/91/22K07/
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
08:00 PM on 03/11/2012
There's plenty of ways to get protein except pink slime ground beef and other meats and that's after the animals are slaughtered, then think of all the antibiotics they are fed for fast growth..and animal feed made of ground up bits of other animals. Makes me sick just thinking about what is put into the food we eat. Even vegetables aren't 100% safe but we do have a better chance if we cook our own food and cut out meat.
04:56 AM on 03/12/2012
Or you could try organic pasture fed meat.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lNSCOUT
07:44 PM on 03/11/2012
IF you want further proof....other than Rush, how many rich people do you see who are obese?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Antidiot
02:51 PM on 03/12/2012
A lot of rich people are obese.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
01:56 PM on 03/11/2012
i'm done with this thread. i'm not getting replies, mine don't see m to come through. just give up the forums hupo !
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
elcerritan
My bio is not micro
05:43 PM on 03/11/2012
It's frustrating and infuriating, isn't it? Everything is so distorted and manipulated here.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
09:29 AM on 03/12/2012
kafkaesque someone called it.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
dadw5boys
Disabled Vietnam Vet
01:11 PM on 03/11/2012
We recently took in a handicapped child who had been fed corndogs and fast food hamburgers for almost 8 years, his brother told us. It only took a week to get him eating good foods and he lost wieght real fast in less than 3 months he had lost 40 lbs. So fast it sacred us he might be getting dehydrated or be haing some other digestive problems.. But 5 mothns out now he is doing great and
12:43 PM on 03/11/2012
Recall how Rush L reacted to M Obama's fight against junk food: As you well know, Michelle Obama has been taking plenty of criticism from the right for her nutritional campaign to encourage kids to move more and eat healthier fare. Joining her in the campaign is retail giant Wal-Mart, which recently announced it would begin reducing the sodium and fat in many of its prepared foods.

Listen to the audio, above, as Limbaugh ridicules Michelle Obama's healthy-eating campaign, flat out calls her a "hypocrite." On one hand, Limbaugh said, she is encouraging children to get healthy and eat "roots, berries, and tree bark" but was recently seen enjoying a high-calorie meal of fatty ribs.

This is what passed as "important" information justifying "free speech."

http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2011/02/rush-limbaugh-crtiticizes-first-lady-michelle-obamas-weight-nutritional-campaign.html
08:31 PM on 03/11/2012
Limbaugh is strictly an entertainer! To grant him any shred of veracity for what he bloviates is a fool's errand.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
12:34 PM on 03/11/2012
If this is true then why aren't school lunches changed overnight? If the government really cared about the nutrition of its children and future taxpayers=longer life=more taxes then why wouldn't school lunches be immediately changed? The answer is school lunch monopolies. Corporations allowed to poison your children with Cr@p food. I hear the rising din of angry soccer mums, OCCUPY! OCCUPY!
Seize control of these school lunch monsters who are clogging your child's arteries. We demand Organic Kale! We demand Whole Wheat, gluten free pasta! We demand only the best and we can afford it by shopping smarter,locally and organically and cutting the stranglehold of Corporate lunch programs.
08:40 PM on 03/11/2012
It's corporate welfare at its best! Guaranteed payments by the government provide an income floor (dairy especially) regardless of supply and demand concerns. Purchased surplus food is fed to school kids and the poor. Add that to taxpayers' demands to cut taxes and school budgets don't focus on healthy eating. The sad truth seems to be that kids suffer both educationally and nutritionally, a real double whammy.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tomteboda
06:10 AM on 03/12/2012
You could always pack lunches.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bzimmerman
11:07 AM on 03/11/2012
There is a saying, " Shop only the edges of the market."
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lNSCOUT
07:45 PM on 03/11/2012
a poor family can go to McDonalds and buy a happy meal for $1.00........
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bzimmerman
10:57 AM on 03/12/2012
Where are happy meals $1? I know they have a "$1 menu, but there are no Happy meals on it.
Go tho the market and for $3, you get a pound of ground beef, and have 4 "quarter pounders"!
I do agree, however that processed foods are less expensive than fresh, but you get less food for the price.
Every morning, I see on the bus, kids going to school, eating a bag of "cheezy poofs, and a can of Pepsi. Are the parents just too lazy to get out of bed and pour cereal and milk into a bowl?
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
09:27 AM on 03/11/2012
what in the world is supposed to be wrong with this comment ?

Alvarask Commented 13 hours ago
"I'm healthy and happy. I have a diet that is 99% unprocessed
and which is mostly organic. I eat meats, eggs, plentiful nuts,
raw milk and lots of cheeses, fresh raw veges every day, cooked
veges regularly, and a small piece of fruit every day. I have
removed all trans fats and polyunsaturated fats from my diet
and use only butter, ghee, lard, peanut oil or coconut oil for
cooking, and some extra virgin olive oil. I am also an
excellent cook of Indian vegetarian cuisine, which I now eat
sparingly due to its high carb content, but still enjoy as an
occasional treat. The notion that vegans have that people who
eat meat are eating nothing BUT meat is a little strange if you
ask me."
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
07:50 PM on 03/11/2012
When I see something like this I can't help but remember TWICE as I was going through a grocery store checkout lately I was asked what Turnips were. When I asked the girls what they ate...One told me McDonald's food..the other one said pizza..A slice of half ripe tomato and a little piece of lettuce does NOT qualify as vegetables. Not when it's on a fat, pink slime hamburger patty and refined flour bun. It says a lot about the quality of our food when heavy pimply girls can't even recognize a turnip..
05:13 AM on 03/12/2012
Is there supposed to be a connection between your comment and the post you responded to or was it just a random thought placed even more randomly?
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
09:31 AM on 03/12/2012
i bet skinny, non pimply girls, not that those go together , can't recognise turnips either.
quit underhand insulting '' heavy '' girls!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
HellBank
Curve: The loveliest distance between two points.
05:50 AM on 03/11/2012
Roadkill is the only way I can afford lean meat these days.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Hellova Stoner
I throw stones
06:45 PM on 03/11/2012
I hear ya!
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
elcerritan
My bio is not micro
03:14 AM on 03/11/2012
The following comment by Alvarask was not an attack anyone or an insult. It simply provides information, so I don't understand why it was removed. ???

"Hey NDP, you need a little education. I do recommend you start with Gary Taubes. Insulin in the blood pushes fat (made from the sugars we ate) into fat cells. While insulin remains in the blood, those fat cells are unable to release the fat. That fat would have been used not only as fuel, but for a multitude of purposes in the body. If you are insulin resistant, then you are just pumping in masses of insulin which causes you to experience low blood sugar, which in turn tends to make you hungry for the nearest sugary or starchy thing you can find. Thus, the insulin resistant person can start the day with carbs and spiral down all day in a cycle of blood sugar highs and lows, each time becoming more and more hungry, and more often than not seeking out more sugars and carbs to prop up their
blood sugar."
photo
GOODDOC1
"civil war" is an oxymoron
04:23 AM on 03/11/2012
Insulin poshes glucose (sugar) into ALL cells, not just fat cells. Fat is made from sugar within the fat cells. With insulin resistance, your blood insulin level will be high, in order to try to "push" the sugar into the cells for fuel.
07:28 AM on 03/11/2012
With insulin resistance you are left with very low blood glucose because you have too much insulin. It seems that our fat cells tend to remain quite sensitive to insulin while our muscle cells build up the greatest resistance. As a result, we get low blood sugar symptoms while any hope for energy is locked inside our fat cells at a disproportionally high rate. Normalizing our insulin production is a great first step in both losing weight AND achieving good health in my opinion.
photo
Dragonmoose
Keeping it Non-fictitious
12:44 AM on 03/11/2012
Almost 2 months ago I changed to a vegan diet (95% of the time) and it has totally changed how I feel physically and emotionally. My head is clearer, more energy, less irritable. I did this after watching several food orientated documentaries. Someone gave us a juicer and a total gym. Now buying organic when I can - and yes more expensive but I am FEELING the difference. Have lost 20lbs (working on 30 more) and feel better than I have in years. It took only a couple days to get over the sugar and carb cravings. Taste buds have changed too, had a cupcake at a kids birthday party today and it was like licking the bottom of a Crisco can - ugh. It can be done and it's totally worth it. Wake up to how corporations are polluting your body. Much love.
08:39 AM on 03/11/2012
My question for you is this: If you simultaneously stopped eating meat and dairy, started exercising, got rid of carbs, and began eating an organic diet, how can you determine which of these things is responsible for making you feel better, when it may just be ONE of those things that made the major difference? I'm not suggesting that what you're doing isn't the right thing for you, just wondering if this thought had occurred to you.
photo
Dragonmoose
Keeping it Non-fictitious
12:53 PM on 03/11/2012
Good question - occasionally, say once a week I'll eat some cheese (got constipated - sorry for the TMI) or a couple pieces of candy (felt like ugh quickly afterward). Having meat only once a week and small amounts doesn't seem to matter. Exercise of course feels great and I know its a huge component. Some can be mental - which is ok with me. It just seems this one has stuck whereas other attempts like Adkins based diets didn't last me but 2 weeks max. I do think it is the complete makeover though.
08:46 PM on 03/11/2012
Synergism of the various actions make it work. Stay on a high fat, sugar diet and you won't see these results.