What If Your Kid's First Bell Rang Close to Lunchtime?

If I could go back in time and be a high school student again (let me re-phrase that: if I had to go back and do it all over again), I'd like to attend one of the schools in Toronto where kids can start classes as late as 11:30 a.m.

Finally, we are seeing changes happen in school systems to support students' natural rhythms that prefer later nights and even later mornings. It hasn't happened yet, but I read an article online reporting that next year one high school in this Canadian city will be chosen for allowing its students to sleep in--big time. In the United States, school districts in 19 states have implemented later start times, but I don't think any push it out to as late as 11:30! For adults, that sounds like lunchtime.

When people (especially parents) ask me about their kids' sleep habits, I explain to them that everyone's circadian pacemaker ticks at a different rate, but as you age your pacemaker will speed up or slow down, thus altering how your body responds to the 24-hour cycle. Babies don't get a rhythm going until about 6 months of age, at which point they establish a rhythm that matches closely with the 24-hour day. Teenagers typically don't go to bed much before 11 at night. From the age of about 15 to 25, that pacemaker slows down so a 17-year-old's body usually won't want to go to sleep early or get up early. The chemical responsible for sleepiness is secreted later at night and turns off later in the morning, leading to a "sleep phase delay." (So your teen's weird sleep routine isn't all that weird, and it's not necessarily a means of rebellion.)

Sometime during our late 20s the body clock speeds back up again so it matches the 24-hour day. Then, later on in life our clocks speed up further so the body doesn't match so well with the 24-hour day. It wants to go to bed early and get up super early, which is what you find Granny and Gramps doing. At an older age the body also doesn't experience as strong of a fluctuation in core body temperature throughout the day, which affects the rhythm. This might explain partially why older people's rhythms aren't as robust and clearly defined as younger people's. Older people will weave in and out of being semi-sleepy and semi-awake throughout the day and night.

The reasoning behind the suggested new start time for schools is more than just helping teens match their unique sleep schedule. Kids (and for that matter, adults) who get a good night's sleep perform better, are more capable and prepared to learn new skills, and can manage their emotions better (a dream for any parent with a teen). What's more, research on adolescents' brains indicates that kids' brain patterns are such that the early morning is not an optimal time.

But here's the hitch: what does this mean for parents and teachers? School times are set largely for the convenience of parents and teachers--not students. Will mom and dad now have to worry about how to shuffle their kids to and from school at odd times? And will they regret the endorsement of staying up to the wee hours on the morning and sleeping in past the breakfast hour? What about the teachers? How much longer of a day can they take?

Therein lies the need for a little experimentation with ideal times and new demands on parents, administrators, and teachers. Maybe 11:30 is pushing it. And maybe changing the schedule won't really change kids' habits. They will still play with the limits and arrive groggy and cranky no matter what hour we ask them to get going. Students are chronically sleep deprived--it's the nature of the beast so to speak. As a sleep doctor, I applaud this school board in Toronto for exploring how to improve students' success. But as a parent, I should hope they work out all the details to accommodate such a huge shift.

Related Video:

Dr. Breus on Teens and Sleep Deprivation:

Follow Dr. Michael J. Breus on Twitter: www.twitter.com/thesleepdoctor

Comments

[SamEllison]

UPHILL, BOTH WAYS! Pardon me, sometimes I can't help myself. Thinking of split sessions in 7th and 8th grades, my father owned his own business and I worked full time from 6th grade graduation until I started 9th grade. I would not ask my own to do such a thing.
We seem to catch up on weekends, like most people I think but the kids are all different. What works for one will not work for another.

[EileenMac]

Interesting article, Doctor. And as the single mother of two girls (now ages 19 and 21), I can confirm your statements. In addition, I am one of those people whose circadian rhythms are still more attuned to getting up after 10 am, and having a couple of hours of "wake-up" time before I get behind the wheel of a car and begin my workday.

My current "transitional" job has me on the freeways of Metro LA for 8 to 12 hours at a time and I have also discovered that, no matter how much rest I have had, I tend to be more alert when driving at night, then if I drive in the sunshine. In fact, I chose this lower paying job rather than a 9 to 5 position because I find I am a much happier and contented person on this schedule.

Perhaps there is some kind of correlation between light (or the lack of) and adrenalin production, making some people diurnal and others nocturnal. In other words, some people are more like dogs, and others are more like cats. Any studies on this, or on the differences in personality and other traits?

As you pointed out, our education systems are NOT designed for the benefit of students (or even teachers). I have often thought that MOST of our institutions would function better if we paid more attention to circadian rhythms, not only in education, but in all areas of commerce and industry.