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Dylan Ratigan

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Constitutional Moments: The People's Voice

Posted: 10/14/11 11:10 AM ET

Today we face a crushing burden of foreclosures, dropping incomes, and a financial elite that has bought our government. The elite consensus is powerful enough to prevent change, no matter who is elected. The situation seems, at least in electoral terms, hopeless. Yet, America has been here before, and has shown remarkable resilience in the darkest of times.

So just how do we get the debate we deserve? How do we root out the corruption, greed, and fraud in our system? Clearly, the root of much evil in our system of government comes from the financing of political campaigns by powerful interests. And the Supreme Court has said that money is speech, and thus, protected by the Constitution. So we must pass a Constitutional amendment to speak back to the Supreme Court, and assert the primacy of government by the people.

But how do we do this? How does one pass a Constitutional amendment in the American system to ban money from politics? It's not a question with an obvious answer, but history has some clues. There have been only twenty seven amendments to the Constitution in over two hundred years of history, ten of which were ratified with the Constitution itself and several of which were procedural in nature. Yet, the basic path to serious Constitutional change is almost always the same -- it requires organizational focus by a dedicated small group, a willingness to build alliances across factional and regional lines, a belief in playing hardball, and a strong and sustained outcry by a large group of citizens. Often, it is accompanied by local, state, and Federal laws that move the legal system in the direction of the amendment for many years before the Constitutional question emerges. Sometimes it is accompanied by sympathetic court cases.

The response to a situation like today's is often Constitutional in nature. In one historical era long past, crowds of Americans similar to the Occupy Wall Street groups gathered to protest foreclosures, to show anger at economic depressions brought on by corruption, and to check banker control of the monetary system. They used well-orchestrated disruptions to block judges from making unjust decisions, to stop sheriffs from foreclosing on properties, and to enforce no-buy covenants when properties went up for auction. They called themselves "regulators", and created a broad-based movement against the corrupt collusion of government officials and a financial elite.

This was the period from the 1760s to the 1780s, and it produced the most magnificent series of Constitutional amendments we have -- the Bill of Rights, which includes the right to free speech and the right to bear arms. The conflict over the Constitution was in fact bitter and based on conflicts between debtors and creditor-bankers. The first draft of the Constitution was written by a small group of wealthy men, and it was a document with strong economic implications. The Constitution granted the right to coin money to Congress, and took that right away from states who had varying democratic mechanisms to create money. This dramatically reduced inflation, privileging the banking class.

Beyond that, one of the first bills passed after ratification of the Constitution was the Assumption Act, which Federalized state debt and made millionaires out of many of Alexander Hamilton's friends at the expense of farmers who did not know the bonds they held had suddenly became US Treasury bonds valued at par. Because of the ground swell of anger at elites, many states refused to ratify this document. They required a bill of rights guaranteeing free speech, assembly, religious freedom, freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, from torture, from property seizures and quartering of soldiers, and the right to bear arms. The anger during this period, anger from soldiers of the Revolutionary War who had not been paid, was codified in amendments that still protect our freedoms today.

Constitutional change has always happened this way, with the public demanding its rights from an elite that at first resists, then splits, and then relents. There have been four significant periods of Constitutional change in American history. The first was, of course, the ratification of the Bill of Rights. The second set of Amendments were the post-Civil War "Reconstruction Amendments" banning slavery, granting citizenship to all male citizens and barring discrimination against the right to vote based on race. The passion of the abolitionists, organizing for decades, forced the expansion of rights to more Americans. The banning of slavery happened gradually; first the slave trade was banned, then abolition coursed through the Northern states and territories, and finally there was a Civil war. But even with their moral case as secure as it was, it was railroad barons that were critical allies of the abolitionists, as well as those who sought a high tariff to industrialize the North. And it required the creation of an entirely new political party, the Republicans, to end slavery and create the most significant Constitutional change since the Revolutionary War. Abraham Lincoln, remember, was a corporate lawyer representing railroad interests, and he was the more moderate of the Presidential candidates running at the time. Horace Greeley had run for President, as had John Fremont in 1856. It was not through purity, but through struggle and alliances, that these amendments freeing the slaves were forged.

The next great wave of Constitutional change occurred in the Progressive era. These have a far more checkered history. The Jim Crow laws stripping black voting rights happened in part, ironically, because of the next great wave of Constitutional amendment organizing. The Anti-Saloon League, the very first and excruciatingly focused single-issue group, began building an indomitable political machine in the mid-1890s. Its focus and willingness to build relationships with anyone who agreed, from the KKK to progressives to nativists to conservative business elites, led to increasing restrictions on alcohol at the local, state, and eventually, Federal level. If you were a politician that didn't want to ban alcohol, the ASL would beat you, much as Grover Norquist does today with his uncompromising stance no taxes. Even after prohibition was shown to be a dismal and catastrophic failure, and "wet" politicians were elected in the early 1930s, state legislatures didn't want to ratify the amendment repealing prohibition for fear of the Anti-Saloon League. The 21st amendment remains the only amendment ratified by state conventions.

The ASL also contributed to the women's suffrage movement and the campaign to legalize the income tax, other amendments passed in this era. Prohibitionists believed that women would be a favorable voting bloc for their interests, since it was women who suffered when their husbands drank to excess. They also wanted to replace the Federal government's main source of revenue -- taxes on alcohol -- with another source. Hence, the income tax.

Simply put, coalition politics matters deeply when undertaking constitutional change.

The final era of Constitutional change is, according to Constitutional scholar Bruce Ackerman, that of the New Deal. While there were no amendments passed in the 1930s, the New Deal was a de facto Constitutional revolution. Labor laws, struck down by earlier Supreme Court decisions, were ratified by massive strikes and a strong popular movement. Child labor was outlawed. There was even a "Bonus Army" encampment in Washington, a march of World War I veterans who were demanding to be paid their deferred salaries from World War I. Francis Townsend set up clubs to promote his concept of Social Security, and Huey Long set up "Share the Wealth" clubs to change the distribution of wealth in America. A large Federal regulatory apparatus was set up in the 1930s, as was Social Security, what would become the safety net. The laws undergirding the New Deal had been passed in states and localities for years, struck down by courts or undermined by inadequate funding. It was only a depression, and then sustained aggressive popular advocacy by labor unions, advocacy groups, veterans groups, and voters, that shifted the Constitutional framework.

Today, we are in a similar Constitutional moment. A financial crisis and crash has shown our elites to be feckless and corrupt, and the social contract undergirding our economic arrangements has fallen apart. It is time for mass organizing, and big ideas, something tea party activists realized, and Obama spoke to in 2008. It is also time for focus, discipline, and the creation of cross-sectional alliances. The Occupy Wall Street movement as well as the Tea Party Movement should agree: our Federal government is bought and sold and rarely represents the people. In our quest to get money out of politics, we are not beginning at square one. There has been an anti-corruption movement against the modern financing system since the 1970s, and we have many allies in this struggle. It is Citizens United and the bailouts, twin representatives that make corruption so explicit, that have shown us we must act. And it is the foreclosure crisis that suggests that if we do not act, we will be acted upon. Such is how Constitutional moments happen. Now it is up to us, the people, to make this our moment, as our forebears have in their moments of crisis.

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bd7769
I am so often right, that I am a progressive
09:24 AM on 10/17/2011
We don’t need another amendment, we need to restore the original 13th amendment that was removed shortly after the civil war and replaced with the current one. This would have kept the lawyers out of public office.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
muck-raker
give me liberty or give me death
08:16 AM on 10/17/2011
I have been listening to talking heads on money shows for more years that I care to mention here..but my one wish would be to have lunch with Mr. Ratigan and Mr. Santelli...WHY...because these TWO GET IT and because they are not BOUGHT by the establishment they speak out for all to hear..It is no fun getting blind sided in this years environment so one listens and learns. It is time for critical thinking and understanding why today that the young and educated minds of today are protesting World wide..because they also get it and they know our system is now Bought and paid for by the Corporations. It should also be mention here that America like a lot of countries are under the heavy hand of the Federal Reserve whose only motto is to saddle the Public with DEBT from cradle to grave.
Here is a short 4 min video much can be learned here...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9BKKr_CAAI
10:21 AM on 11/13/2011
As a student of history I was pleased to see the Dylan stayed pretty close to the factual narrative and made a strong and coherent argument. However, I watched Lee Camp's video that you recommend and was impressed with his argument about the young. If you add Mr. to the lunch invitation I would like to join you. No telling what could come out of such a meeting:)
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
provgrays1
10:36 PM on 10/16/2011
The only hope is publicly financed elections and getting lobbyists out of politics.
Well nigh impossible.
10:30 PM on 10/16/2011
Ratigan, were do you get off telling us what to think?

Now that your emails have been uncovered concerning your personal involvement with OWS you do not have a single shred of credibility, nor should you. Giving them ideas on how they should publicly offer themselves, what they should and shouldn't say to win over the media! How does a proffesional media personality in the business of reporting the news, feel good about the purposeful manipulation of his own viewers as well as the useful and naive OWSers? It is sickening.

To call yourself anything other than a partisan hack, a massively biased member of the media and pusher of a communist agenda would be a lie.

You sit there in your MSNBC studio knowing that you are a part of the story, that you are helping direct the narrative of the story, and offering a complicit and biased platform for the OWSers to perform, using your ideas. Wow. How do you sleep?

Your actions are dispicable.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
muck-raker
give me liberty or give me death
08:34 PM on 10/16/2011
Dylan sez: How does one pass a Constitutional amendment in the American system to ban money from politics? It's not a question with an obvious answer, but history has some clues.
AND Dylan is looking in the right place.
The Court was split, with the four reactionary judges (misleadingly called "conservative") joined by Justice Kennedy in a 5-4 decision. Chief Justice Roberts selected a case that could easily have been settled on narrow grounds, and maneuvered the Court into using it for a far-reaching decision that overturned precedents going back a century that restrict corporate contributions to federal campaigns.

In effect, the decision permits corporate managers to buy elections directly
http://www.chomsky.info/articles/20100124.htm
excerpt: In Bush v. Gore (5-4 decision), the Court picked the more corporate president of the United States in 2000, leaving constitutional scholars thunderstruck at this breathtaking seizure of the electoral process, stopping the Florida Supreme Court's ongoing state-wide recount. The five Republican Justices behaved as political hacks conducting a judicial coup d'etat.

But then what do you expect from justices like Thomas and Scalia who participate in a Koch brothers' political retreat or engage in extrajudicial activities that shake the public confidence in the highest court of the land SO IS THIS TREASON OR WHAT?
http://www.commondreams.org/view/2011/07/18-12
hatenomor
DO FOR SELF. BLACK SELF DETERMINATION
08:58 PM on 10/16/2011
Pure marxist nonsense that chomsky has been propagating for years. Your side protrays yourself as the good guys, and the other side as the bad guys. They do the same in reverse. Bottom line, your side sticks to high heaven, going by the last two hundred years. Your side brought and maintained a lot of nonsense we could have done without.. Every great liberal leader in the last two hundred years brought to there nations misery and dispair. That is an historical fact. So, please,don't try to sell me on the fact that your side is on the side of right and the other side isn't. They say the same about you. And they have more ammunition in support of their statements about your side than you have against them, so you better do your research before engaging in discussing the respective history of conservatism vs liberalism. You will lose in a heartbeat.
10:33 PM on 10/16/2011
So you are saying that only republicans take corporate money?

So how do you account for Obama taking more money from Wall Street than McCain? So are you saying that Obama should be tried for treason?

I thought not.
08:10 PM on 10/16/2011
I agree that this is not in the first place a left-right issue, but an issue of getting the democracy to work better.
The rapidly evolving information technology is already opening up opportunities to facilitate the democratic process (ie organizing and sharing opinion, action etc through social networks etc.) and has potential to revolutionize the way we form opinions on who to vote for.

For the Swiss congress elections, there exists a website on which a voter can fill out 75 questions covering the current relevant policies and at the end the answers he/ she picks are compared to every candidate running for office, so the voter can pick the best match.

This is quite a smart way to vote based on policy and a way to turn the current negative and disinformative tv advertisment in the US obsolete.

A system like that could also be improved to track an elected politician's actual voting pattern etc and thus comprise a comprehensive tool for people to 'manage' their democracy.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lenguss
07:19 PM on 10/16/2011
I wish someone would explain to me just what is a 'greedy' corporation and what makes it greedy? That it is privately owned and seeks to make a profit? Just which are greedy? GM? Walmart, famous for low prices and the biggest retailer inthe world? Amazon (which offers the lowest prices possible)? Costco (the same)? IBM? Apple? How about some real illustrations, not signs and slogans. Corporations can not exist without customers. If they're greedy, why buy from them?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
muck-raker
give me liberty or give me death
08:01 AM on 10/17/2011
one needs to look a the whole picture. A greedy Corporation will pay legislators to make laws and guidelines that only benefit themselves. In doing so it enabled them to push thru Globalisation, NAFTA. which then enabled them to ship their machinery to far away lands . This then enabled them to ship this foreign junk back to America with no import taxes (VAT) isolated example today we see that last year the USA delivered 6000 vehicles to S.Korea...But S. Korea shipped 480.000 vehicles to USA....Today Americas jobs....YOUR JOB has been sent to far away places some you can not even pronounce...so today you are among friends protesting the establishment who does not give a wit about YOU>
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lenguss
01:16 PM on 10/17/2011
Unfortunately, it was US cars that were truly overpriced junk and foreign cars that were much better. That's why Americans bought them by the millions and why American car companies went bust. And a 'greedy corporation' can only bribe the bribable.
06:14 PM on 10/16/2011
The author wrote:

"How does one pass a Constitutional amendment in the American system to ban money from politics?"

I had to reread it to make sure that he was being serious.

Obama:money::Debbie Wasserman-Schultz:ugly
03:32 PM on 10/16/2011
Thank you Dylan.
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DXM
An extreme moderate
03:24 PM on 10/16/2011
While I think most of the 99-percenters agree the system is broken, there is no consensus on why it's broken never mind how to fix it. Some claim that the economic crises that started 3 years ago was the result of lack of sufficient government regulation while other claim it was the result of too much government regulation. Some believe one way to dig ourselves out of the hole we are in is through aggressive government spending to improve education, infrastructure, etc. while others believe government spending needs to be slashed and the savings given to "job creators". Some believe that the broken healthcare system needs to remove the profit motive and become a more efficient government-run single payer system while others think that government interference in the unbridled pursuit of profit is the problem. Some people believe that the world is 4.6 billion years old and that human beings evolved from lower animals while other insist the universe was created in a week 6,000 years ago. There appears to be two diametrically opposites views of reality developing in this country with no agreement on even the simplest of facts (sometime to the point denying objective reality because it does not fit one groups preconceptions of the world and how that feel it should work). In such an environment there will be no consensus and no solutions.
01:02 PM on 10/16/2011
Root it out? We demand corruption every day.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
den1953
The National Inquire of Politics the GOP!
12:55 PM on 10/16/2011
The American voter needs to pay a very close attention to those politicians that extend their hand in friendship and places the other hand on the wallet of Corporate America that is a start, and the American people should have the right to recall the phony liars that promise but don't deliver!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lenguss
07:20 PM on 10/16/2011
Starting, I presume, with Obama?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Galene Stockwell
status quo ante bellum
09:42 PM on 10/16/2011
You're Soooo----
One Note Charlie
Dylan has written of the most serious of subjects: The ruination of our society with economic colllapse. unless we UNITE in a formation to correct an imminent disaster.
We need some of the smartest minds that can be found, who are not beholden to selfish
partisan, unresponsive unAmerican devotees to "Winner Take All"
I can't imagine anyone not participating, in wanting to resolve this danger.
In not wanting to realize "We have a problem Houston, and throughout the land"
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Peter007
11:09 AM on 10/16/2011
Money is needed to get a political message out to the public. If money is restricted, then that message gets restricted.
Any constitutional amendment that restricts the rights of individuals will always be wrong and will most likely backfire.

Having the People decide many political issues may not be a good idea. The mob mentality has not shown to be the best decision making process.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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12:25 PM on 10/16/2011
Comments like yours only serve to incite more 'mob mentality', and are irresponsible retorts to modern solutions for social concerns.
Dayne
People are people
02:39 PM on 10/16/2011
Actually, his comment is the basis for why we have a Rep. Republic as outlined by the Constitution. A mob solution to politics has usually ended badly and bloodily, the French Revolution being the prime example.

Here are a few questions that I wonder if you would want put to a "mob" vote -

What should we do about illegal aliens?
What about the death penalty?
What about gay marriage?
What about abortion?

I could go on but I hope you see the point.
02:16 PM on 10/16/2011
Corporations are letting several Trillion Dollars sit idle. I say, "That money is NOT speech, it is instead, property." And when one has "property," one pays property taxes on it. Let's start assessing property taxes on that money and see how fast it comes streaming back into the economy!
Dayne
People are people
02:40 PM on 10/16/2011
So you wish to use political force and economic exhtortion to take someone else's property? Well, what about the people who have less than you? Aren't they entitled to some of your stuff also?
10:27 AM on 10/16/2011
Like earlier constitutional moments, attacking several problems could help build the winning coalition.
I’d support a movement advocating constitutional and legislative action: (1) Establishing that money isn’t the equivalent of speech (2) Banning corporate election donations, (3) Creating federally funded election season, and forbid preseason binding primaries, (4) Term limiting all Federal offices, (5) Providing statehood for Washington, DC (6) Establishing a federal right to vote in elections free of voter fraud, intimidation, and suppression (7) Establishing Federal recall and referendum, (8) Establishing a federal "Crime against Democracy" (a pattern of intentional criminal activity significantly interfering with Democratic Process), (8) Eliminating the electoral college or assigning electors to congressional districts, (plus 2 at large/state), (9) Outlawing lame duck pardon, pardoning prior to conviction, and pardoning one’s own staff and campaign, (10) Replacing presidential impeachment with removal of a sitting president by a supermajority vote of both houses, (11) Eliminating filibuster, requiring votes upon request of 40% of members, and requiring votes on any measure passed by the other house, (12) Clarifying that legal entities are not "persons," (13) Creating a constitutional standard and mechanism to reduce gerrymandering, (14) Granting Supreme Court power to remove sitting judges, and (15) Providing a constitutional mechanism for the continuation of democratic government during national emergencies.
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12:52 PM on 10/16/2011
That's about 1,000 years of work to do and much of it wouldn't get off the ground.
01:18 PM on 10/17/2011
Could be.

However, the New deal resulted in legislation that normally would have been 1,000 years of work, but for the crisis of the great depression and the leadership of FDR.
07:49 PM on 10/16/2011
F+F, pretty good list, although im sure some of these items will create their own problems as well.
A serious discussion of these would be helpful!
02:09 PM on 10/17/2011
I agree with the need for a serious discussion of these and other democratizing structural changes. My list oversimplifies to get ideas out there for debate. Reforms require some nuance for implementation (and are not limited to 250 words)

For example, while Corporations should not be "persons" under the first amendment, there is good reason to provide some due process and other constitutional protection of legal entities to protect the owners and employees, to prevent authoritarian government, and to allow corporations to provide socitey with goods, services and jobs. Due process, and freedom of press requires some extension of the rights granted to persons to legal entites.

Consider an amendment that (a) clarifies that "persons" means people and not legal entities or collections of people, (b) states that the constitutional rights granted to people shall not be denied them merely because they have formed such legal entities or collectives (c) provides legal entities due process (d) provides that nonetheless the direct constitutional rights of people are paramount over the derived rights of legal entites and (e) authorizes Congress to enact reasonable legislation, within this spirit, governing the extension to legal entities of certain constitutional rights of persons.

Add a provision that "money" is not equivalent to speech, and Congress could regukate the speech of legal entities to prevent it from drowning out the speech of persons.

Still oversimplified, but a step closer to a practical amendment.
CactusTom
My New Novel
09:50 AM on 10/16/2011
Dylan, I strongly support your aims and dreams, and as a historian of sorts myself I love your list of positive protests that have led to positive change for average Americans, BUT! The bottom line is that down through history the rich and powerful always win out in the end, even when all the changes have become realized.

In this country, even after the massive positive changes of the New Deal, the rich and powerful are stronger than ever. Today, trillions of dollars are being siphoned off to the rich and powerful via 30 years of tax cuts, the military industrial complex, and completely under the table by Americas' enormous intelligence complex, for which there is absolutely no accountability and no possible way of investigating its funding channels. And because of these systems of the super rich to exploit the nations wealth, of course in the end there will not be enough money to fund social security and medicare, all the things that benefit average American tax payers. But heres to those who persist in pushing for social justice. The dream lives on!