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Elaine A. Heath

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The Gospel According to Twilight

Posted: 09/14/11 09:13 PM ET

The books grew into a dark tower on my coffee table, one vampire novel after another. It was Christmas time, hardly the season of the year to focus on the undead, but I was getting ready to teach a new class on the Gospel in Pop Culture, and I needed to find out why Twilight broke publishing and box office records. Second only to Harry Potter in its worldwide reach, the saga is a romantic adventure about a girl, Bella, who falls in love with a vampire, Edward and is best friends with a werewolf, Jacob. I was barely a page into the first novel when I realized that there was a lot more going on than just a romance. This was a theological story, too. And it was full of messages about gender.

In one of the many ironies of Twilight, the exemplary good family is not human. The parents, Carlisle and Esme Cullen, and their teenaged children are vampires. Though a family, none of them is "blood kin," at least not in the traditional sense of that term. The whole family was created the vampire way, through biting and venom, a terrifying and agonizing experience. Though they are blood sucking monsters the Cullens are models of loving, loyal, self-controlled, compassionate, and committed family members. Esme and Carlisle are mated for eternity. They are each other's other half. They believe in God. They even have a cross hanging in their living room.

Bella's family, on the other hand, is riddled with issues because of her parents' divorce. Neither of her parents seems to know how to take care of Bella. On the contrary, she takes care of them. Bella wants desperately to become a Cullen and escape her blighted life as a human. Not only is Bella willing to die, she wants her beloved Edward to do the deed so that she can join him as an immortal.

Unfortunately, Bella's desire to die at her beloved's hands and her acceptance of abusive behavior from Edward are part of a widespread theme of gender violence in the Twilight novels. From relatively mild boundary violations to gang rape, most of the women characters in Twilight have been victimized by men. (The theme of violence against women is even more pronounced in Meyer's subsequent novel, "The Host"). What is most disturbing about Meyer's treatment of this theme is that it is presented in ways that normalize, even romanticize such violence. Esme, Rosalie, Emily, and Alice have all been victims. Of these, Rosalie's story is most disturbing with its fallacies about rape.

Edward routinely subjects Bella to the same kind of emotional whiplash, control, stalking, disrespectful speech, and physical intimidation that characterize too many girls' and women's lives in the real world. The reader learns eventually that Edward can justify some of his aggression as necessary to protect Bella from dangers she cannot see, but that revelation only reinforces to readers the dangerous message that violence at the hands of an intimate partner is sometimes okay.

Despite the stereotyped and violent gender themes, there are still many good reasons to read these novels. Reconciliation is the premier gospel theme that binds the story together. A strong and appropriate critique of toxic faith and "organized religion" are additional important subtexts of the tale.

For example the Cullens, not the humans, are the ones with the most explicit beliefs in God and concerns about the afterlife. Edward wants to save Bella's soul. Bella doesn't give a damn about salvation. She says Edward is her heaven. In time she comes to a form of faith because of her relationship with Edward.

In many ways the Cullens reflect the kind of compassion, self-discipline, and communal consciousness that should characterize any congregation. What happens through the course of the four novels, with Bella as the catalyst, is that the Cullens' family ethos is multiplied beyond their own family unit. The small-scale reconciliation that Bella instigates between Edward and Jacob results in the greater healing of enmity between species. Bella is able to lead the Cullen family beyond even the accomplishments of the god-like Carlisle so that where there was once mortal (or immortal) hatred there now exist mutual familial bonds of love and trust.

While the Twilight series is first and foremost a love story, it is much more than that. This is an action packed adventure in which the spiritual and social concerns, disappointments and hopes of the next generation speak volumes. The novels cast a vision for a world in which a lion and lamb may nap together, and a child and a viper can be friends. Twilight concludes with metaphorical glimpses of a world freed from the powers and principalities, from the terror of religious leaders who declare "holy" war. It is a redeemed world in which vampires, werewolves, and teenage girls belong to one another -- a world made new through love, where we are all family.

 
 
 
The books grew into a dark tower on my coffee table, one vampire novel after another. It was Christmas time, hardly the season of the year to focus on the undead, but I was getting ready to teach a ne...
The books grew into a dark tower on my coffee table, one vampire novel after another. It was Christmas time, hardly the season of the year to focus on the undead, but I was getting ready to teach a ne...
 
 
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01:06 PM on 09/21/2011
People believe anything. Anything at all. In 150 years people will probably treat Stephanie Myers' work as scripture and her as an enlightened prophetess.
GraceNotes
We live for books.
01:20 PM on 09/19/2011
The Color Purple is a good reconciliation story. Every time I read it or watch the movie, I am in tears when Mister helps Celie reunite with her sister and children.
07:01 AM on 09/18/2011
The gospel of Twilight for the producers
- know your target audience: the 10-15 years old girls
- cast very handsome guys that are not too dangerous
- add on a bunch of very cute girls that are not depicted as stunningly sexy
- play on the myths of love without sex
- market the story to the religious mothers
- cash on the money

and for the actors
- build on your image from twilight
- go and cash in on men's magazines
- cash in from men audience by playing on the move from softly sexy to very sexy

Life, a play of images and images changes :)
09:04 PM on 09/16/2011
Ms. Heath can't possibly be serious about this article.......
12:18 PM on 09/16/2011
The Book Of Stephanie (Meyer)

- There is no higher goal in life for a young woman than to give birth, even if the birth is potentially lethal
- A controlling boyfriend is romantic
- If a girl has to choose between two unstable men who both possess the means to kill her, that's what true love is all about.
- Aging must be feared, at all costs
- Beauty/Perfection = Good, Everything Else = Evil
- Money/Selfishness = Good, Everything Else = Evil
- Parents are obstacles. It's the kids who should set the rules.
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Nate35
01:22 PM on 09/16/2011
Good summation of why I termed the books creepy and vaguely morally offensive in an earlier post.
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Nigel Goodnow
12:59 PM on 09/17/2011
Wired did an unfortunately comprehensive list like this a couple years ago:

http://www.wired.com/underwire/2009/11/twilight-lessons-girls-learn/

It's right up there with the youtube videos (made by Second City TV) "advice for young girls from Belle" and "Advice from a Cartoon Princess". I'm glad I'm only raising boys (though they have their own pitfalls).
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dschiff
Always learning
12:22 AM on 09/16/2011
I only saw the first movie, but thought it was poorly written, poorly produced. Terribly music, terrible cinematography, terrible acting. Bad enough without needing coercive theological slants or invocations for relationship abuse.
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Treehuggindirtworshiper
Steward of God's Creation
04:27 PM on 09/15/2011
I loved the Twilight books but I can't understand why Ms. Heath took the time to attempt to tie this to religion. Talk about making a mountain out of a mole hill.
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jeeimu
08:21 AM on 09/18/2011
i liked the books too, but i disagree - meyer's mormonism is sprinkled throughout with themes of salvation, redemption, and most obviously, chastity till (teenage) marriage.
01:52 PM on 09/15/2011
Isn't it fascinating how human beings project our own version of our inner lives onto the world through our language and analysis of the 'way things are?' If we look at the various reactions to the Twilight phenomenon we can see where a person is aligned (oftentimes completely unconsciously). For example, in this article Elaine Heath sees violence where others see love. Some of us may wonder how that is possible. When we take a look at her bio however, we will see that she is minister (religion) and works in the realm of domestic violence and sexual abuse (focus). Is it not surprising that her post is colored by both of those contexts? Whether we are conscious of it or not, we all "see and speak" from where we are focused. For fun read some of the comments here and consider for a moment where you believe the commenter is aligned. Not to be right about who they are, but just to be curious. My point here is that while theTwilight series is most definitely a cultural phenomenon (having almost 25 million FB fans for starters), there are possibly as many differing opinions about why it is so. Rather than focusing on who is right about 'the why,' wouldn't it be more fascinating to take a look at who we are, and where we are focused, when we are seeing and speaking our opinions about it?
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sweetlilthing
hurt no one but tell the truth
01:21 PM on 09/15/2011
Twilight is fiction and can't be compared to real life.
nightingale23ks
Life isn't a dress rehearsal
05:05 PM on 09/16/2011
Well, I guess that makes it comparable to religion then
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RedDogBear
11:20 AM on 09/19/2011
Good fiction can say a lot about real life. But I agree that doesn't apply to Twilight.
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rsttho557949
What is Job's Crucible?
12:43 PM on 09/15/2011
IMO children and folks in general, ate bring exposed to too much fantasy and incorporating subliminal messages. It should be explained to a person ( child or adult) that it is written that we wil be tested on earth. When the test comes, thevidra is to turnkey God and rely upon Him and not turn to drugs, alcohol , gangs or " friends". The main character was a girl that basically turned to the Devil even though his role was the protagonist to the story. We have seen this theme over and over where an unhappy young girl enters forbidden "love" with a young msn that will make everything better. Edward although the author's protagonist, is the metaphor for drugs, alcohol and even suicidal behavior; these ate all the things that the Devil wants a person to turns to when one is being tested. The fable to the story should have been : with faith you walk with God...without faith you dance with the Devil.
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RedDogBear
11:21 AM on 09/19/2011
I agree we need to turn people away from Fantasy and toward the reality of demons, talking snakes, magic places in the sky and beneath the earth, etc.
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LalaSmiles
11:42 PM on 09/19/2011
LOOOOL!
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rsttho557949
What is Job's Crucible?
06:52 PM on 09/20/2011
Dear RedDogBear,

I appreciate the sarcasm...tee...hee...hee. So tell me, oh, wise one, what would be your blue print for society’s problem. It’s always easy to criticize and play Monday Morning Quarterback, but do you have anything profound to share that we might implement?
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A Dub
Conservative government is an organized hypocrisy
05:06 PM on 09/19/2011
Not sure where the devil came in but then I don't think there is a devil. I am not sure about the metaphors either. It was a movie! that's it, nothing else. It was made for entertainment purposes. It did what it was supposed to do, it made money. I believe you are reading to much into this work of fiction. Vampire movies are money makers now. No subliminal messages, no metaphors, no secret messages just a movie.
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rsttho557949
What is Job's Crucible?
07:03 PM on 09/20/2011
Dear A Dub,

There is a Devil. I was also making the point that escapsim leads to trouble-drugs, alcohol, immorality, alziness and rebelliousness. I also was making the point that The Devils snares always come disquised and visually appealing...like the Edward character in the movie. The sad thing is that once a person gets involved with the Devils snares, people enter denial and justify those bad things as good. You hear, "What's wrong with a little beer on the weekends? or "A litle tote of dope can't hurt"

"No moral system can rest solely on authority" That is your quote. Ever heard JC Mellencamp's Authority Song? You should...authority always wins!
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rsttho557949
What is Job's Crucible?
11:49 AM on 09/15/2011
The world is truly coming to an end when folks have got to get all this deep insight from a teenage vampire novel. What is wrong with reading the Bible? The real question is why is escapism so appealing to folks nowadays. Ms. Heath understanding of the story gives tells us that she can readily understand why Bella wants to be an immortal; humans are so screwed up that she would rather be a vampire than deal with reality. But isn't that the scheme of demons and the Devil? Don't they promise you (with things to tempt you) that a new reality (fantasy) is better than reality? Why would anyone even think of becoming something other than a child of God? Why would anyone want to be a demon? Twilight is just another version of, "Be careful of what you wish for!" Fantasy is the leaven that leads to destruction! Satan isn't coming as a foul looking creature with horns and a pitch fork. He comes in the same manner as when he seduced Eve.
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Nate35
12:32 PM on 09/15/2011
The Bible is as weird and vapid in places as Twilight, but I get the point.
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Militant Leftist
American seditionist
11:16 AM on 09/15/2011
Whenever I hear any mention of Twilight, I think of one line from the review of a prominent, movie critique: "It's 'Saved By the Bell' meets 'Dracula'". Nuff said.....
09:21 AM on 09/15/2011
The world has gone mad. The trivializing of God, his standards and what he accepts has made us think that vampirism can actually give us insight into the workings of the God of the Universe. Sad place.
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dschiff
Always learning
12:21 AM on 09/16/2011
It's a children's book.
06:10 AM on 09/16/2011
That is what makes it even sadder.
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Nate35
09:18 AM on 09/15/2011
An ex-girlfriend described the basic plot of these books to me once. To be honest, I found the whole plot-line creepy and vaguely morally offensive, not to mention convoluted.
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eds123
My micro-bio is less filling and tastes great!
09:44 AM on 09/15/2011
Its not just another teenage angst high school movie with vampires? Thats the impression I got when I watch the first 2 movies.
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Nate35
09:53 AM on 09/15/2011
Apparently it gets a lot more bizarre as the books go on, though the movies might tone it down a bit, to be sure.
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RedDogBear
11:23 AM on 09/19/2011
Its marketed toward teen and pre-teen girls and the message is essentially that the only important thing in life is to get a boyfriend, even if that boyfriend is dangerous and a stalker.
09:05 AM on 09/15/2011
For all you critics of the Twilight books, lets see you write a book that millions of people read and enjoy. Don't forget the movie franchise. Stephanie Meyer obviously did something right.

Regarding the violence against women in the books, the women get revenge and fight back. I don't see any victims. In fact, the women in the books sound pretty tough to me.

As far as the religious aspect goes, most religions are fiction, just like these books. No hype there.
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Nate35
09:19 AM on 09/15/2011
Millions of people watched and enjoyed Transformers, that doesn't stop it from being a worthless piece of crap.
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NoireLion
1st 505thParachute Infantry Regiment 82nd Airborne
10:46 AM on 09/15/2011
Opinions are like...... (Oh never mind-)
Well lets just say the kids who watch transformers don't think the Deceptacons are the devil?
And maybe putting ur faith up there into a movie or a comic book or fictional book about vampires - is just kinda dumb as hell and leaves you religious nuts open to laugh-in your- face criticisms.
You need to be laughed at. Honestly.
Your guy Jesus- said- don't wear your faith on your sleeve.
But you jesus freaks keep trying to ram your "faith" down everyones throats.
Well you stick your god into the realm of some authors fantasy world and opened up quite the can of worms. Where you trivialize your own faith by mentioning it in the same breath of a fantasy novel. You religious nuts never know when to quit- and I find it highly amusing.
12:20 PM on 09/16/2011
Optimus Prime is harmless compared to organised religion.

No one has ever killed anyone in the name of the Autobots.
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LisaLisa1234
09:23 AM on 09/15/2011
My daughter, at a certain age, loved the Twilight books (although she outgrew them); Stephenie Meyer tells a good story. But the ability to sell books doesn't equal quality. McDonald's has billions of burgers sold; it doesn't make them purveyors of quality food. It means McDonald's found a formula that caters to the tastes and wallets of the masses. Cheap food that goes down easy. ;)
04:52 PM on 09/16/2011
Very well put! My daughter never read a chapter book till the Twilght series. I tried to read each book before her but found it to be such drivel I could barely get through the 2nd one. But my daughter breezed through each book and now you can't stop her from plunging into books. So for that Hats off to Ms Myers. But I will stick to my trashy Sookie Stackhouse novels! Much more fun for me!