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Elaine Weiss

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Chicago Teachers Go to Bat -- and Take a Hit -- for Their Students

Posted: 09/14/2012 10:11 am

Co-authored by Kevin Kumashiro

"At schools across the city, 29,000 Chicago teachers and education professionals are on strike -- demanding both a fair union contract and a radically different vision of school reform than that propagated by nearly the entire nation's political class. At the largest teachers' strike in two decades, educators are fired up to fight for wraparound services for students, with more school social workers, counselors and psychologists; a holistic educational environment where all students have access to school libraries, world languages, art, music, physical education; and the preservation of the tenure system -- because good teachers are made through experience in the classroom."

You would probably never know it from much of the media coverage of the Chicago teachers strike, now in its fifth day, but this excerpt from The Nation paints a much more comprehensive picture of the complex issues at stake in Chicago Public Schools, from the perspective of those who know them best -- the city's teachers. What are the teachers worried about, to the point where they are risking not only their jobs, but their reputations, in a highly public action? A host of popular but troubling policies -- and underlying assumptions -- that might finally get the in-depth public discussion that has been too long neglected.

Evaluations. On the surface, using students' test scores on standardized tests as one-fourth of teachers' evaluations seems reasonable, even modest in a context in which other districts are counting them as half or more. But this proposal provides much reason for concern, as evidenced by, among other things, a letter authored by 88 professors and researchers at 16 universities in the Chicago metropolitan area warning against this new law. These scholars raised concerns about lack of preparedness, prior findings that such scores are inherently unreliable measures of teacher effectiveness, the intent to increase the weight of test scores to half over the coming years, and, most troubling of all, that "[s]tudents will be adversely affected by the implementation of this new teacher-evaluation system." The researchers point to the narrowing of curricula, incentives to avoid harder-to-teach (and test) students, a less nurturing teacher-student relationship, and reduced collaboration among teachers. These are the same concerns cited by members of the teachers union. In other words, teachers are striking not on the basis of self-interest, but in the interest of their students, especially the most vulnerable of them.

Tenure. Teachers worry, too, that weakening tenure provides an easy path to eliminate the experienced teachers needed to teach low-income and struggling students, and to overcome obstacles they face without deciding that the job is too much to handle. Indeed, in the recent wave of reform, hundreds of Chicago teachers won a suit based on the judge's findings that the city had saved money by replacing effective, experienced teachers with low-paid novices. In Washington, D.C., which has seen the same pattern, effective teachers now are leaving to teach in districts in which they feel more appreciated, to the detriment of the city's students. There is certainly room for negotiation about how and when tenure should be awarded, and mechanisms for firing ineffective teachers must be more streamlined, but such discussions must take place in good faith. Chicago's teachers have reason for skepticism in this case.

Resources. The teachers are striking to stop the city from citing limited resources to justify shuttering libraries that enrich classroom instruction, eliminating the nurses, counselors, and social workers who enable at-risk students to come to class and to focus on learning, and increasing class sizes such that the individual instruction touted by "reformers" as key to effective learning is impossible. The mayor has largely dismissed those issues as peripheral, as have schools across the country. Yet there is substantial evidence that such cuts do real harm to students and counter any gains that might be seen from other changes.

Mayor Emanuel and Chicago's teachers have a chance at this moment to do something truly innovative -- they could jointly acknowledge that schools, especially high-poverty urban schools, need to take a broader, bolder approach to education. They could ensure that limited resources are targeted to reforms that make the most difference for children. They could work together to create a system that educates the best students to become teachers, provides the right incentives to teach in the schools in which they can do the most good, and establishes conditions that make them want to stay, as well as enabling schools to more easily get rid of teachers who are not doing their job well. They could ensure that all children are well-fed, healthy, and that the stresses that impede their attention, and their good behavior in class, are addressed, minimizing absences due to sickness and suspensions. They could prioritize enrichment through libraries, after-school and summer programs, and field trips. And they could show how very much students gain when all the people who care about them work together, not at odds.

Let's hope that they do it.

Kevin Kumashiro is professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, president-elect of the National Association for Multicultural Education, and author of the new book, "Bad Teacher!: How Blaming Teachers Distorts the Bigger Picture."

 
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Co-authored by Kevin Kumashiro "At schools across the city, 29,000 Chicago teachers and education professionals are on strike -- demanding both a fair union contract and a radically different vision...
Co-authored by Kevin Kumashiro "At schools across the city, 29,000 Chicago teachers and education professionals are on strike -- demanding both a fair union contract and a radically different vision...
 
 
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09:04 AM on 09/15/2012
I pity the teacher evaluated on my child's test scores. She tends to get his highest test scores in the middle of the year then drops lower by the end, making it look as if she had not learned anything. As a parent, I couldn't care less about the scores because I know she's learning. As a teacher, I would be frustrated because I would know the kid had done better and might have done better on the end-of-year test but just didn't. She's is a very erratic test taker. How is this fair to teachers?
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legnotsothrilled
11:37 AM on 09/15/2012
Gee...Maybe if a $$$ was attached to each kid...and said kid had an evil test at the beginning of the school year and the end...and the parent who cared could choose the best school to PAY FOR A DECENT EDUCATION FOR SAID CHILD....

Oh...I guess that's not "fair".

Keep on squealing you poor teachers, some that can't even speak English.

People are watching now...
11:30 AM on 09/17/2012
@ legs: each child would not be given the same "choice" thus it is unfair. a market based system benefits those students/families that have the knowledge and finances to easily move within a market system. students that do not have such knowledge/money are left out of the system and negatively affected. Essentially it creates a more complicated method of reinforcing past inequalities. such problems have been documented in the reform movement in DC. We should be working to ensure that every student is provided a quality education, that every student has the resources to succeed, today that is not happening, and it is not because of limited choice, but precisely because of it.
05:32 AM on 09/16/2012
You should be worried...as an employer, I am not going to call her in for a 30 minute discussion to let her explain her testing pecadillos........

Perception IS reality in many situations.

Sorry for her lack of discipline and your acceptance.
02:27 PM on 09/14/2012
Change maybe coming. Parents have noted that the teacher's union is just that...a union concerned about teachers...not a student union concerned about students. It is pretty natural to like the seniority, tenured, and current evaluation system (where over 99% get satisfactory or excellent....how can that possibly be?). Politicians both Repubs and Demos are now taking the side of parents and students. Time to move forward.
03:39 PM on 09/14/2012
That is exactly right, the teachers are completely out for themselves on this one.

What a radical idea: judge and reward teachers based on performance. Just like 99.9% of the working world. No surprise that they want the status quo instead.

Time to purge the bad teachers and start holding people accountable.
07:39 PM on 09/14/2012
Let me guess. Neither you nor econ1 have any experience teaching or have any idea what it's like to work in a public school. Am I right?
03:48 PM on 09/14/2012
Happily, the unions are taking the side of children and families, standing up against a set of policies that are unscientific and counterproductive. The National Academy of Sciences has scolded policymakers for pursuing test-driven education, pointing out that these policies are based on ideology, not evidence.

ALL the major policies of the last decade have failed to improve our trajectory, because they are based on outdated theories and models of education.

Other countries are simply scratching their heads, wondering why we are racing down the wrong road. In Finland, with their top of the world test scores and almost 100% unionized teacher workforce, they are pursuing an approach to education dramatically different from the strange path we are on.
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HEYUGUYS
02:14 PM on 09/14/2012
THEIR STUDENTS have a grad rate of less than 53%
THEIR STUDENTS barely read and write
Illinois spends more money on Chicago Public school students per individual than 90% on the planet
07:55 PM on 09/18/2012
Their students? What about your kids?
12:53 PM on 09/14/2012
Another typical piece. This is why teacher's unions are on the run. They resist concrete proposals to measure, evaluate, incentivize teachers, and suggest replacing them with ........ absolutely nothing. We don't hear a counter proposal for a different evaluation system. We don't hear alternatives for how to operate the schools within the available budgetary constraints.

Our best are not going into teaching. Unions protect them at all cost. Tenure rules and generous pensions plans root the bitter and twisted in positions of maximum damage until retirement. The entire system is a race to the bottom.

The only thing I wholeheartedly support is playing hardball with the disruptive students. Our focus should be on doing the best we can with the most we can, not with attempting to do whatever we can with everyone. There is no global competition between our dumb and unmotivated and Chinese and Indian dumb and unmotivated.
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05:13 PM on 09/14/2012
What about states with no unions who still have these problems?
05:56 PM on 09/14/2012
There isn't just one path to mediocre.
05:37 AM on 09/16/2012
They pay FAR LESS for the same cra ppy educational "progress."
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Victor3
06:22 PM on 09/14/2012
No, only you don't hear concrete proposals on how to better and more fairly evaluate teachers. The rest of us do and are advocating for them. FYI just so there's no way for you to avoid the heaping plate of crow you just served yourself, that better way is a part of the proposed contract in Chicago that teachers have gladly embraced and as such is not one of the reasons for the strike. It's called the Charlotte-Danielson framework, so google it and weep. And, to pour salt on your wounds, here's a story about a school district that has a great evaluation system up and running, so great that they turned down a $12 million DOE bribe to abandon it in favor of adopting the one that Chicago teachers rightly oppose. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/06/education/06oneducation.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&hp
07:22 PM on 09/14/2012
I'll look at it more carefully, but I noted two things immediately -- it appears to be process, not results oriented, and it appears to require classroom observation. Now, I am all for classroom observation, in fact, unannounced classroom observation, but in some districts around the country, these aren't permissible under union contracts. How about Chicago?

We don't evaluate football coaches on whether they call the plays clearly or command the respect of the players. We evaluate them on how well their team plays.
11:43 AM on 09/14/2012
Go figure. An professor doesn't think teachers should be evaluated.

Of course a child's progress in school depends on many factors. Home environment is critical.
I don't think anyone disputes that. But teachers aren't asking for the measure to be indexed
to a students progress from year to year. They aren't even asking for the measure to be
indexed to the poverty level in the area. They are asking to be measured merely by survival (tenure)

It is human nature to exhert the minimum effort to achieve your goals. Competition is
critical for efficiency and success in human endeavor. People go into teaching for numerous
reasons, most of which are noble. But you can only ride a persons idealism so long if their
economic well being is not impacted by their performance.
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05:19 PM on 09/14/2012
Tenure does not forbid firing, it allows a teacher to have due process, and to be evaluated on her performance, and not her popularity with students, admin or parents. If you see a bad teacher, there is a bad administrator who has not done his job. Tenure allows a teacher to call bad admin out when they do boneheaded things that hurt the youth...I am currently lacking textbooks. My immediate supervisor is dragging her feet about it, so I called the parents of my students to let them know what the hold-up is, and suggested a few well-placed complaints might help and, because I am tenured, I can do this without fear of blatant reprisal. If I am asked to spend instructional time making posters for the footbal team, I can refuse, because that is not a good use of instructional time. These things happen. Tenure is a good thing.
05:42 AM on 09/16/2012
We understand it is good for you......but taking care of YOU is not the purpose of public schools.

And frankly, I laughed at your examples....I didn't realize that teachers are allowed to exist in their own little worlds and not help in other areas.
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Victor3
06:43 PM on 09/14/2012
Collaboration is what's important to both teachers and students, not competition. Competition has no place in the classroom or school (outside of sports) as it results in compartmentalization of teaching practice and other effects of negative value to the desired outcome of creating educated students.
11:21 AM on 09/14/2012
I was in a cherry-pick-your-students situation recently. The other teachers selected the best students for their courses and I took the ones who were left or whose schedules could not be made to fit. I had transferred into the school at the last moment, as the about-to-retire teacher willing to work anywhere. Student test results were not dismal for mine, but they were noticeably lower than for the others. And that is the problem: we do not have a bell curve in every classroom. Some students do not get their academic mojo until late in adolescence or after; their performance can be inconsistent. Good teachers teach with love and intelligence and patience. Unfortunately, to evaluate a teacher based on the immediate performance of the students in her or his classes is not fair because the students are not average. Values added are not consistent because our kids are all unique. Just as we have all seen poor teams with good coaches, there are good teachers and poor students. Who will we find to teach the less intelligent, slower developing, less motivated, disadvantaged, less adept student? America is not Lake Wobegone.
12:56 PM on 09/14/2012
The "Value Added" approach to using test scores is intended to measure improvement between two points in time, not the absolute level of performance at any point in time. Isn't this correct? Shouldn't a teacher be able to improve any student's performance?
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Elaine Weiss
01:07 PM on 09/14/2012
Author: Correct, which is they VA is a step up from the use of raw scores. The main problem is that test scores, which are used to measure student performance in this case, reflect so many factors -- from what the student ate for breakfast or how she slept to other teachers', tutors', and classmates' influence -- that it's impossible to know what the teacher's influence is. Add to those numerous non-random factors and normal day-to-day fluctuation in student performance and you get real problems using them for this purpose.
02:06 PM on 09/14/2012
If that student shows up, cooperates, and does the work, yes.

But there a number of variables that affect those outcomes, and the school is ultimately a minor one. "Value added" has been tried, and it's horribly unreliable. Teachers who appear stellar one year are abysmal the next, and vice versa. Either we've got to conclude that there's a huge value in actual teaching quality from year to year, or we've got to conclude (and this is the side that rational people come down on) that student tests, even with "value added" schemes, don't measure teacher quality.