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Elena Panaritis

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Why Europe Is Failing to Prevent the Spread of the Euro Crisis

Posted: 10/11/2012 3:13 pm

Europe's economic crisis is like a runaway freight train and its politicians have yet to find a way to stop it before it breaks ground and completely derails.

All the while, the crisis continues to escalate unabated. In Greece, for instance, efforts to tame the country's monstrous debt (expected to reach 180% of GDP in 2013 -- much more than previously projected) with several rounds of fierce budget cuts and three years of severe austerity have probably done more harm than good for its beleaguered economy, which is expected to shrink by 7% this year.

In the absence of a realistic timetable or successful plan of action to solve the crisis, Europe's politicians seem stuck. They have failed to contain the prolongation and the spread of the crisis despite numerous Eurozone summits and other high-level talks about how to save Europe's single currency. It seems as though it has become easier to turn this crisis into a moral and ethical crisis that uses Greece as a target.

They have lost sight of the real problem -- the structural problems stemming from high administrative burdens and the unpredictability of tax systems (France and Greece, for instance, have changed their rate of taxations multiple times) that ultimately result in too-high production costs, which in turn stifle creation and restrain innovation.

This is exactly what is keeping European economies from growing.

Now that we have identified the problem, it's time to find a solution by changing the conversation in Europe.

The conversation about the need to compete with emerging markets like China and India is mute. Europe does not need to compete with these countries. Europe needs to compete with Europe in order to move to the next level, become efficient and spur innovation and herald a new wave of development and growth.

To do this, Europe needs to start looking ahead and focus on the so-called Blue Ocean Strategy as regards its economic development. Europe also needs to create new market space -- getting a bigger Bottom Line -- to render the competition irrelevant.

But even though innovation is the undeniable key to success, Europe seems to be stuck on a Red Ocean strategy (a market-share battle) -- a conventional approach to business of beating the competition in an existing confined market space. This is one reason the European Union -- one of world's largest trading blocs -- is a long way away from becoming the world's most competitive.

Europe is also bogged down by too much bureaucracy, too many regulations and a relatively unstable tax regime in many of the EU member states. In France (the second largest economy in Europe), for example, tax laws have been amended eight times over the past two years. Greece has made some 16 revisions.

It's this combination of excessive bureaucracy and over-regulation that is ultimately keeping Europe from becoming an attractive incubator of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Today's European economic model stumbles on the very high costs associated with processes and transactions. This is largely due to vested interests and the burdensome bureaucracy that unavoidably hides the creation of more reforms. This is why sweeping simplifications are necessary.

Economists' incessant pleas for more flexibility have largely gone unheard. It's been more than 20 years since economists started urging EU policymakers to reform labor markets and ease rigidities in the markets. Only Germany has listened, mainly after the pressure created with the unification of East Germany. By doing so, Germany has achieved the highest level of labor reforms in the entire 27-member bloc. The other economies have yet to follow suit.

What lies ahead?

Europe is at crossroads. It's either going to remain stuck in an old school productive model based on heavy industry, manufacturing and services and no real innovation or it's going to create an economic ecosystem for the next generation.

Since it is counterproductive to try to out-perform the competition because it reduces prices, Europe should be creating new markets (or blue oceans) by investing in new technology and new ideas. The creation of new sectors, however, is not going to be easy. Europe needs to start by making some deep changes in its economic pattern of behavior and pass structural reforms aimed at simplifying procedures and encouraging innovation.

It's not too late for Europe to turn things around and start pioneering a new generation of groundbreaking industries in an uncontested market space. The list of possible industries is endless and includes everything from high-tech applications of traditional sectors (tourism and agriculture) to green investing and impact investing.

Europe should re-power its Silicon Valley-like engines to promote entrepreneurship. It's currently losing its high-tech talent to countries like the United States where the infrastructure is already in place and investment capital is easier to access. An infusion of venture capital funds and expertise can help Europe's engineering and technology universities create a new generation of entrepreneurs.

Europe can start by forming new markets that combine technology with traditional industry and services.

If policymakers do not embrace creativity and innovation, Europe will end up becoming a very well-experienced butler to China and Asia in general. It's just as John Maynard Keynes, the 20th century's most influential economist, had said about the British economy -- that it would become the butler of the United States if it stubbornly refuses to adjust to modernization.

Time is of the essence

Europe needs to start rebuilding its rickety foundation of productivity because financial markets are merciless and move at a much faster pace than any bureaucratic policy decisions in Brussels.

The crisis, which started in Greece, sounded all types of alarm bells but they were not heard.

The current productivity model fuels informality, especially in the periphery of the European Union. The informal economy has grown from the need to circumvent the overregulation under-regulation and inflexible procedures and the unpredictability of extralegal procedures, rules and regulations.

The findings of the World Bank's 2012 Doing Business Survey speak volumes. Debt-stricken Greece ranks 135 out of 183 countries as regards the ease of setting up a business. Spain ranks 133 and Austria 134. Even Germany, the European Union's powerhouse, holds the 98th spot -- nowhere near New Zealand, Australia and Canada (the top three countries). The United States ranks 13.

A poor showing on the World Bank's survey denotes the intractability of bureaucracy -- all the messy overregulation, under-regulation and the super-regulation that is difficult (at times impossible) to bypass.

There is only one solution. It's three-fold and involves simplification, deregulation of the market and standardization of procedures. All three can lead to low costs and wider bottom lines (profits).

 
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Europe's economic crisis is like a runaway freight train and its politicians have yet to find a way to stop it before it breaks ground and completely derails. All the while, the crisis continues to ...
Europe's economic crisis is like a runaway freight train and its politicians have yet to find a way to stop it before it breaks ground and completely derails. All the while, the crisis continues to ...
 
 
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12:31 AM on 10/15/2012
I find it all too often that most individuals talk about the "economy" in too simplistic of a term. The EU is a fairly complex creature (and I say that in the most positive way). Since it's conception, the EU as acted like a single parent juggling the needs and wants of its children, the member-states. One can assume that this supranational entity has chewed more than it can handle. To that end, the member-states need to act more like a family than like spoiled children. Yes, Greece has been blamed for its part in the collapse of the financial security of the EU but we shouldn't forget that there were (and still are) many cracks in the EU's foundation. Is the EU spreading itself too thin? How will its supranational authority conflict with national legislation? Who wins in a tug-of-war game?
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Joe Goforth
contempt for the status quo
03:03 PM on 10/14/2012
Their problem is our problem it's coming here faster than you might think. My question is what to do about all the debt in the world? The world is saturated with high tech how many engineers can we generate and sustain? There are many engineers in the U.S. with no jobs because they are easily shipped overseas these days. There is a point where there is a limit to how much consumption the world can tolerate. I see no simple solutions. The best we can do is firewall local economies so that people have at least a chance to work and survive. The days of people living in suburbs without having to even know their neighbors is coming to an end one way or another. I hope in a good way. The global economy sucks.
Bernique
Solar is clean, cheap and plentiful
11:01 PM on 10/13/2012
The "Troika" ( E.U. IMF, and who else?) are disastrous! No wonder the people are in the street with their NOISY demonstrations!

What's happening with the LIBOR investigations? Any news? I haven't read any, recently. Why not?
06:25 PM on 10/13/2012
This is what happens when you are good in writting essays but unable to do as you write,Panaritis and many poliyicians in Europe and Greece is full of ideas she will never use if she is asked to.
The outcome is what is happening now.
01:18 PM on 10/13/2012
No, the real problem is that right wing de-facto gold standard of a currency that they have, which, as the Wall Street Journal remarked, means that "orthodoxy is hard-wired into the Euro zone". All this talk about regulations stifling innovation and all that are just the usual cliches without basis in reality.
SPKen
Anti-war
05:13 AM on 10/13/2012
The striking incompetence by these leaders is the problem, and the obvious greed if they think they could compete with BRIC states.
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ur2nutty4me
12:27 AM on 10/13/2012
It's really very simple.....The people who control the funds wish to make an unreasonable profit on their loaning of money. And the people with the money manipulate the cost of all necessary goods and services to the worlds misfortune.
07:51 PM on 10/12/2012
Elena Panaritis is a well respected property rights advocate in Greece. But does she represent Greek interests? It's an important question.

Ms Panaritis says that Greece needs structural reforms:
1) fix the “unpredictable tax system” (code for lower taxes)
2) reduce “high administrative burdens” (code for deregulation).
Have we heard these same policy solutions offered in the US? Yes, we have for the last 20-30 years.

Ms. Panaritis says these high taxes and regulation stifle creativity and innovation.
“This is exactly what is keeping European economies from growing.”
But is the Greek crisis stemming from the global stock market crash related to these issues? Isn't the entire world effected? What about Germany and Sweden...are the countries the low tax, low regulation markets advocated by Ms Panaritis? No.

Ms. Panaritis says she has a plan: Deus ex Machina->otherwise known as the "Blue ocean strategy" popularized in a 2005 business self-realization book of the same title (Tony Robbins was not co-author). The idea is that rather than compete on established products, business should go and create new products and generate a "new uncontested market place".

Is a call to be inventive considered a economic plan?
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Aesops
Appearances often are deceiving
01:00 PM on 10/13/2012
No, it's not a plan. It may be part of a plan, but in my opinion it's really just window dressing. The Greeks do not collect enough taxes and haven't for a long time. Their labour is not productive and they coupled that with currency swaps that inflated their debt to a level that could not be serviced or rolled over at prevailing interest rates.

It is a simple case of spending the gains of production earlier than they actually occur, and then spending even more. The bill comes due, and the country is unable to create wealth out of thin air (unless that nation is America).

Then these people come out and say that tax codes are the culprit, lack of innovation is the culprit, diversified industry is the culprit. These are all symptoms that are created, when one spends tomorrows production, today. This creates misallocation of capital, and removes the incentives for doing the very things that the author suggests are required.
Bernique
Solar is clean, cheap and plentiful
11:07 PM on 10/13/2012
You, novictim, expose Ms. Panaritis, as a neo-liberal, the opposite of what the people in the street in their NOISY demonstrations are clamoring for. Am I right? Is the Troika, at long last, going down?
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Erikhuffpost
Anything can happen within the next 5 minutes
05:41 PM on 10/12/2012
"Europe is at crossroads. It's either going to remain stuck in an old school productive model based on heavy industry, manufacturing and services and no real innovation or it's going to create an economic ecosystem for the next generation."
vs
"Europe can start by forming new markets that combine technology with traditional industry and services. "

Has anybody noticed the contradiction here? Elena Panaritis performs a switcheroo to convince her audience she's actually something meaningful to say as a way out of the european debt crisis. Notice she starts with truths nobody doubts. That way she builds up trust.

As our attention span is short-lived, we pay attention in her first paragraphs, but less so if she initially seems trustworthy. That way she can introduce fallacies that go unnoticed. For example the false dichotomy in my first quote (It's either going to remain stuck)

Another one is "the Silicon Valley-like engines to promote entrepreneurship." What these "Silicon Valley-like engines" ought to be is not explained. That way the reader can fill in the details hom/herself. Germans call this "hineininterpretieren" or filling in the blanks.

All this fallicious reasoning allows her to arrive at the conclusion there is only one solution: simplification, deregulation of the market and standardization of procedures. In argumentation, this is called the non-sequitur fallacy, which is is Latin for "it does not follow."

Her conclusion is not substantiated by her own claims.
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OPeixe
Shouldn't we move beyond the ideas?
10:11 AM on 10/13/2012
You are right. On the other hand, I start to find insufferable the arrogance of so many pundits claiming to know a way to solve a crisis that so many serious, bright, responsible people are struggling with. From a desk across the world, without the burden of millions of votes of free citizens, that are so heavy in negotiations when trying to find solutions, they say it's so clear and simple, they say, it's that way or no way. I only hope once this crisis is over, nobody forgets them.
Bernique
Solar is clean, cheap and plentiful
11:14 PM on 10/13/2012
Opeixe, I remember Ms. Margaret Thatcher clamoring, during the Reagan years, that "there's no alternative". I hope she's still sound of mind enough to realize the harm she has done with that simplistic edict, so devastating to millions of lives. Romney/Ryan are her misguided heirs.
jhNY
Mercy.
03:33 PM on 10/12/2012
"They have lost sight of the real problem --"

Yep. The real problem is debt-holders who don't want to take a haircut for the bad loans they made knowing the technocrats in governments throughout the Eurozone would bail them out, and knowing that in most practical ways, generally, the political class was their creature, as they have often proved of late.

The German people one day might ask themselves: if their bankers are so competent and wise, why are so many of the loans they made to EU members so bad?
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Maria Korovessis Sewell
To decimate is to reduce by one tenth.
12:31 AM on 10/13/2012
F&F'd. The political class is truly their creature.
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Aesops
Appearances often are deceiving
01:10 PM on 10/13/2012
It's like saying when one is near bankruptcy that the problem is that one didn't have a good enough job to pay for all the toys and needs to become more innovative.

Anything to avoid bondholder losses, because the political class know that when that occurs, the current system is finished.
Bernique
Solar is clean, cheap and plentiful
11:17 PM on 10/13/2012
Yes, the "Troika" is going down, Aesops.
02:22 PM on 10/12/2012
But, they have the Nobel Peace Prize now. Honey, whatever does it matter.
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10:07 AM on 10/12/2012
Europes problem comes from that they allow too much individual freedom, not enough government regulations, taxes too low, and banks and the market to dictate unfair terms to these countries.

Europe needs higher taxes, greater regulations, more control over their money supply that's held by corporations and banks, and place limits on individual freedom. Once Europe moves around to get better control over their economy, these conditions will improve.
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realitytrumpsbull
Two 'alves of coconut!
09:57 AM on 10/12/2012
Maybe we need to stop having financial markets, specifically, currency trading markets where computer programs whittle away at the value of a given currency, at lightning speed. Should they shut the internet off for about a year, and institute mandatory drug testing at all trading houses?
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GarethJonesLives
תיקון עולם
03:04 PM on 10/12/2012
You don't need to shut the internet down to achieve that goal. All you have to do is put limits on trades. In China, trades are done manually and only for a very short amount of time during the day. That means when you buy a stock, you can't flip it immediately for tiny gains of fractions of a percent. People buy shares for their original intended purpose, to hold on to for the long term.
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Roelvdwegen
Truth & Justice are Liberally biased
05:39 PM on 10/12/2012
Perhaps more importantly, when mass fraud and criminal mismanagement is perpetrated in China the ones who do it usually end up at the end of a rope or bullet.
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Aesops
Appearances often are deceiving
01:15 PM on 10/13/2012
The answer is not to shut down FX markets. That would be a bad idea as trade velocity would collapse. Even a computer program is whittling a national currency value, it is doing so for a reason. The keeper of the currency's value is the nation and it chooses how plentiful or scarce it should become.

If we want more currency stability, the first stop are the governments that are freely devaluing against others in a race to the bottom. A currency that is backed only by debts, is not a recipe for currency stability.
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RIhter
08:47 AM on 10/12/2012
"Why Europe Is Failing to Prevent the Spread of the Euro Crisis"

"This is exactly what is keeping European economies from growing."

Depending on infinite growth is the reason all of our economies are failing. We can play financial games, hype cyber technology, and pretend durable goods aren't necessary for economies to function all we like. It will never change that fact that real resources are required in order for an economy to function, let alone grow.

Wood, soil, iron, oil, gas, lithium, rubber, uranium, etc... all have a limit. Substitution can only go as far as the limit the new commodity has in supply. Also, there are only so many commodities that can be substituted. The periodic table has limits.

I know, I know...Krugman says, Hayek said, Keyenes said, blah blah blah. Physics says, Biology says, Arithmetic says they are all wrong.

Why would anyone be thinking of mining asteroids, drilling in the arctic, drilling in three mile deep water, extracting oil from mud, or removing mountain tops if there was a plentiful supply of resources?

Growth is cancer, viruses, bacteria. Animals stop growing. When they don't it's usually because of disease or obesity.
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10:04 AM on 10/12/2012
Good post. I also tend to look at these things through the lens of science. Regarding economics, I'm reminded of the law of conservation of energy in the sense that energy is a form of power and money relates to power in economics. One can create/print more money, but that merely devalues the monetary unit and no new "energy" is produced. Likewise, governments/countries are not "closed systems" and so when one gains energy/power/money, it must come from somewhere else. It's not newly created.

Same is true in politics where gaining power by any group just means that another group lost some. The power (energy) of the world (a closed system) is set and more cannot be created.
HansB
The only good certainty is a dead certainty
06:15 PM on 10/12/2012
FF. We've addicted ourselves to growth. We need it to meet everything from our government budgets to our pension payments - not for any objective reason, but because we counted it in in our projections.

We're quite rich enough as is. And I say that as a minimum wage earner with two kids.
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
08:04 AM on 10/12/2012
I see. the real problem the EU faces is the high cost of administration and changing tax codes. Lol.

Nothing to do with a gigantic property bubble then? Most EU countries ran a surplus prior to the economic implosion started by Wall Street. That debt has been foisted on the citizens rather than hung on the gamblers. The citizens cannot afford to pay that debt and everyone knows it. THATS europes problem.
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10:09 AM on 10/12/2012
I still blame Bush for their problems.
11:45 AM on 10/12/2012
Yeah, Bush got the Hungarians to take out mortgages in Swiss francs, Bush got Austria to loan its entire GDP for Romania, Bush got local Spanish governments to build giant art museums with borrowed money. He really was an amazing guy!