Article and studies from a Google search on "Dysfunctions in Nonprofit Boards & Organizations" yields 445,000 items in .32 of a second. These items show dysfunctions on charter school boards, church boards, health care boards, trade associations, etc.
Rick Moyers, a well-known nonprofit commentator and nonprofit researcher, concluded:
A decade's worth of research suggests that board performance is at best uneven and at worst highly dysfunctional. ... The experiences of serving on a board -- unless it is high functioning, superbly led, supported by a skilled staff and working in a true partnership with the executive -- is quite the opposite of engaging.
These data and comments can lead one to conclude that all nonprofit boards are dysfunctional. I suggest that nonprofit boards can generate a range of dysfunctional behavioral outcomes, but the staff can muddle through and continue to adequately serve clients.
Mildly Dysfunctional: Board meeting attendance can be a problem, left unattended by the board chair and CEO. Agendas are not completed within the meeting time frame. Strategic planning takes place once a year with little reference to it between annual meeting retreats. Goals are established without measured outcomes.
On the other hand, budgets and finances are reasonably well-handled. Incremental growth each year is modest. Board recruitment takes place largely based on board contacts and friendships, with a few recommendations by the CEO. Most everyone on the board is mildly or fully dedicated to the organization's mission.
Moderately Dysfunctional: All of the above dysfunctions, plus one or more of the following ones:
• The board chair and/or the CEO receive heightened deference in board discussions.
•Important decisions are made without full participation by all board members. One of two directors sets the tone for the discussions and the outcomes.
•Either the board chair or CEO has inadequate backgrounds to develop a robust board. Nearly all agenda topics center on operational issues.
•The board does not trust the CEO but is unwilling to take action to remove him or her.
•The mission is not clearly defined and "mission creep" can be a problem.
In this instance, the staff can be productive, if some managers are able to isolate staff from the board dysfunctions.
Highly Dysfunctional: Many of the following board behaviors are exhibited:
•The board is divided into unyielding factions, a la the current US congress.
•Board discussions go beyond civil discourse into personal barbs, often disguised as humor.
•Board committees are not functioning properly. Important decisions are often delayed for a year or more.
•Rumors about the board conflicts are reaching funders, and are asking questions about the rumors.
•It is becoming difficult to recruit talented board members or professional personnel.
•The board chair and other directors refuse to acknowledge the problems.
There is little that the staff can do in this situation, except to hope for a funding angel to cover the financial problems that will develop. However, I did observe one organization that recovered from such highly dysfunctional board behaviors and finally succeeded in recruiting more talented board members. It also adopted a new governance format. The change led to some directors o resign. (One was insisting that the directors should evaluate individual staff personnel!) However the mistrust between the board and staff, as a result of the dysfunctional board behaviors, continued for decades.