More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Eric Schurenberg

Eric Schurenberg

GET UPDATES FROM Eric Schurenberg

Can We Please Stop Talking About the Social Security Trust Fund?

Posted: 01/30/11 07:44 PM ET

Nothing get clicks from seniors like a scary story about Social Security, and the Associate Press supplied a real granny-grabber last week: "Social Security on Pace to be Drained by 2037." Hyper-ventilating off on a new report from the Congressional Budget Office, the headline managed to seize a topic of key interest and entirely miss the point.

To understand what's wrong with such a headline, you need to grasp one fact: Social Security is, ultimately, just another pay as you go government transfer program. That is, we tax Peter to pay Paul. The Treasury raises money with taxes and debt and distributes some of it to seniors, survivors, and disabled people according to formulas embedded in the Social Security law. Your benefits are safe as long as voters agree that transferring that much money to seniors is better than transferring it elsewhere, or letting taxpayers keep it. Simple.

What makes it seem complicated is that Uncle Sam's accountants treat Social Security like a closed ecosystem. Unlike other government programs, it has its own tax -- this year a 10.4% slice of your wages (4.2% from you and 6.2% from your employer) officially called the FICA tax-and every year the Social Security trustees estimate how long the system's inflows from FICA and other revenues will cover its outflows.

But where the system really turns murky is with the trillion-dollar Social Security trust fund, an accounting phantom that has launched a thousand half-cocked headlines like AP's. Social Security experts like Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute regard it as a trillion-dollar distraction. "I try to avoid the trust fund debate," he writes in an email. "Social Security is mainly a pay-as-you-go system."

There is a massive trust fund -- and this is one case where your definition of "is" really matters -- only because FICA has pulled in much more than Social Security needed for the past 27 years. The government treated the FICA surplus the same way it treats all tax revenue: It spent it on aircraft carriers, interest on the debt, haircuts for Congressmen, and all the other purposes of government. The surplus, along with imputed interest, is recorded on the government's ledgers. That ledger entry is the trust fund.

What does the trust fund do? The Social Security Administration itself describes it as "budget authority." That is, until the fund runs out, the program can order the Treasury to come up with the money to pay benefits, even if FICA taxes don't cover benefits (and they don't, starting this year), without asking Congress for more money.

What the trust fund doesn't do is change how the Treasury pays for benefits: Trust fund or no trust fund, we still have to tax Peter to pay benefits to Paul. If Peter's FICA taxes don't cover Paul's benefits, the shortfall has be made up out of Peter's other taxes, or by borrowing. All that matters is how much we want to support seniors, not whether government accountants say the trust fund is a $2.6 trillion or 50 cents.

In the kind of Social Security post you should pay attention to, "The Truth about Social Security Cuts" CBS MoneyWatch writer Carla Fried argues persuasively that voters (including most Tea Party members) support Social Security so strongly that benefits are in zero danger in the short run. Certainly, no politician has enough of a career death wish to propose stiffing anyone now retired or even within 10 years of retirement.

The question anyone younger than 50 needs to ask is, how long will that popularity last? At some point, as the population ages and seniors absorb an ever larger share of spending -- not just in Social Security, but also in Medicare and Medicaid -- voters may simply choke on elderly entitlements. (Remember at that point we may simultaneously be choking on interest payments on the debt.) Ironically, the best way to protect benefits for younger workers today is to embrace gradual changes in the program starting today -- thus avoiding more draconian cuts in a crisis a decade or more hence.

In the meantime, forget about when the Social Security trust fund will be "drained." Indeed, forget about the trust fund altogether. It's irrelevant. As with all the fiscal challenges we face, Social Security's biggest risk is failure of political will. There's no trust fund for that.

 

Follow Eric Schurenberg on Twitter: www.twitter.com/EditorBNET

 
 
  • Comments
  • 239
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4  Next ›  Last »  (4 total)
01:28 PM on 02/02/2011
I was so much in agreement with your post that I sat down last night and wrote up a different version.
Boy, are people beating me up this morning on the blogs which I take as positive sign since so many of them didn't realize the issue at hand.

http://hubpages.com/hub/The-Social-Security-Trust-Fund-Holds-Nothing-But-Government-IOUs
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
OSCPJ
Want it? Work 4 it. No 1 has ever drown in sweat.
09:54 AM on 02/01/2011
To those advocating raising the cap past the 110K to include all income.
 
What is your definition of Social Security.
 
Is it a safety net, or is it a redistribution of wealth?
 
And if it's a safety net, why would someone who makes more have to put in more, when he/she will never get that back.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
06:54 PM on 01/31/2011
There was another economist here who pointed out a few weeks back that the FICA tax increase levied on working Americans under Reagan paid for the tax cuts for the wealthiest 2 %.

If the money collected from our checks went into a true trust, the wealthy would not have had the free ride they've had for over 30 years and the government would not have been able to continue making war, buying weapons, and giving out no bid contracts to companies like Bechtel and Haliburton whose CEO's are being paid with that money.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
05:55 PM on 01/31/2011
As you yourself said, our money was spent on other things.

Put it in the fund, leave it in the fund, and make sure even workers like you contribute.

Problem solved.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
oldngrumpy
My micro-bio is no longer empty
06:32 PM on 01/31/2011
While we borrow $2.5 Trillion more from others and pay interest on it? Not the smartest plan I've heard.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
06:58 PM on 01/31/2011
Cut the Pentagon by half, end all our wars, tax the wealthy accordingly--especially hedge fund managers who make $5 BILLION a year and pay only 15%, and end "no bid" Anything!

We all pay into SS. We deserve to have it be there when we need it, just like ANY insurance policy. Cut lifetime health, life insurance, and pensions for our elected 'public servants, and that'll help too, and set the right example!
photo
bd7769
I may not always be right, but I am never wrong.
05:58 AM on 02/01/2011
They have used SS funds to cover and hide the overspending.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
03:41 PM on 01/31/2011
The SS trust fund is a "buffer", as we software types call it, smooths flow from payer to recipient (aka "producer" and "consumer" in geek-speak).

Think about it: SS receipts are down now due to unemployment, but payouts are the same. Without a buffer SS would be constantly going into the red or black. We'd be constantly changing payouts or taxes. A buffer fixes that. Computers wouldn't work without buffers, nor would SS.
03:09 PM on 01/31/2011
The real problem is that your premise in untrue. You claim that the FICA tax is "10.4% slice of your wages (4.2% from you and 6.2% from your employer)” but that's patently false. For example, those in YOUR income group don't pay anything close to 10.4 per cent of their income. But that's how ANY shortfall in Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, National Health Care, etc. should be paid. Those, like yourself, who've benefited exclusively from the failed trade policies, Wall St. bailouts, increased worked productivity, criminal class warfare and the multinational corporate takeover of our government representation should be footing the bill for every nickel. Not only should you be paying FICA on every shekel you take in, but you shouldn't be paying a 15% capital gains tax while the rest of us pay at the higher income tax rates. There, problem solved and I didn't even need to proclaim myself an editor-in-chief to do so. HARR HARR
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
05:53 PM on 01/31/2011
faved--and amazed it made it up.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
03:03 PM on 01/31/2011
Bumped comment from R. Bartholomew:
"Well, there are plenty of ways to end up broke. Lots of folks are never anything but broke from the day they're born. They never really have any money to invest. Some invest foolishly. Others do everything right, but just can't seem to catch a break (a minority, I'd guess). Then there are wars, so-called acts of God, crimes, and other imponderab­les that can do it.

The point is that everyone should be allowed to do his or her best with the money that he or her has earned honestly. Whether they do well or poorly is not really germaine. Stealing their money from them to try to save them from themselves is still stealing."

To which I'd reply:
I'll go out on a limb and say that the reason there isn't rioting in the streets over this "stealing" is that the majority (pesky in a democracy) view it as about as much an affront as the loss of freedom imposed on them by goverment dictating what side of the road they have to drive on.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Richard Bartholomew
My micro-bio isn't empty.
02:57 AM on 02/02/2011
That does bring up an interesting and rather fundamental feature of the situation. Why isn't there rioting in the streets over this stealing? My theory is that everyone is secretly hoping that he can steal more from his neighbor than his neighbor can steal from him.

Deep down, all of the potential rioters have been mollified by the dream of becoming latter-day Ida May Fullers, of whom those who would know:

"The accumulated taxes on her salary during those three years was a total of $24.75. Her initial monthly check was $22.54. During her lifetime she collected a total of $22,888.92 in Social Security benefits."
-- http://www.ssa.gov/history/idapayroll.html

If this is indeed what is happening, then the America's citizens have a serious case of moral rot. In this case, no system ever devised, or ever likely to be devised, will save them from something very nasty eventually happening to them.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
oldngrumpy
My micro-bio is no longer empty
02:19 PM on 01/31/2011
We are going to continue to have budget shortfalls in "every" category if our GDP continues to trend toward those who don't pay taxes, or pay at a much reduced rate. With the top earners paying 15% while making a disproportionately larger share of wealth than those who pay 28% it only stands to reason that tax revenues would drop, even if the economy was stable. Add to that the "DEPRESSION" now effecting the lower earners and the problem is compounded to crisis level.

The answer to almost all of our budget problems is returning the earning power of the middle class to it's former levels. This will require tweaking many areas of our economy, but one of the most important is taxation policy. We need a somewhat punishing taxation on the top tiers of earners that will provide incentive for reinvestment instead of profit taking. Higher taxes on the wealthy is the incentive that makes "trickle down" work. As more people below the $106k earning cap make more the payments into SS will reverse the drain on the surplus until the retiring boomers begin to draw it down as was intended.
01:56 PM on 01/31/2011
Workers are paying in more and more and you think they need their benefits cut? No Way.

You will make sure they will resent the cost of Social Security. Never mind that the government is letting Medicare be ripped off by too high charges for Prescription drugs. It is time the government protected the two best programs the middle class will ever have.
01:37 PM on 01/31/2011
What a load load of crap. We don't need draconian cuts in the future, or even little ones now.

The entire problem has been CAUSED by those in YOUR tax bracket. The FICA rate is NOT 10.4%, because there is a CAP! That reduces the rate for the upper class. The only fix necessary is to raise or remove the cap, and gradually replace the bonds with REAL investments. Isn't it Finance 101 to not have all your eggs in one basket?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dan-o
01:24 PM on 01/31/2011
I broke my back last year and also was diagnosed with advanced stenosis and arthritis. I can't sit or stand for more than approx 30 minutes at a time. I was approved for social security in January after living off savings for a while. I'm trying to figure out some work I can do on the computer from bed but right now I need the SS. I plan on going back to work (Doc says no way-prognosis is bad) so this safety net is a life saver.

If SS is ruined then I will march to Washington(very slowly) and knock some Congressmens heads with my cane.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
oldngrumpy
My micro-bio is no longer empty
01:49 PM on 01/31/2011
Please understand that your benefits (which I don't begrudge you in the least) are not actually from the Social Security funding. The disability benefits are "MANAGED" by the SS Dept, but they come from the general fund. I have a minor level of arthritis and I sympathize with your pain.

My son-in-law is working from his home doing customer service from his internet connection and a dedicated phone line. He doesn't make a great deal, but it supplements his benefits from SSD. The referral was from the Dept of SS. It might be worth looking into.
Best of luck.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
06:07 PM on 01/31/2011
I believe you may be just a tad inaccurate about the origin of the money SS pays out. For every dollar the Feds borrow from the system they issue an IOU of equal value in US Govt. Bonds which mature and are converted into cash to pay to SS recipients. It doesn't come from the general fund.
01:14 PM on 01/31/2011
Any article on Social Security is a failure if it fails to state that we do not need any cuts in Social Security, not now and not in 2037. We simply need to have the rich pay their fair share. Social Security taxes are not levied on income above $106,000. Raise the bar, or better yet eliminate it, and we can all have significantly greater benefits.

Once again the rich make the rules in their favor and when something goes wrong they try to make the poor pay for it. Any article that fails to point out the greed going on there is distracting us from the real story.
01:38 PM on 01/31/2011
Exactly! Why isn't this seen as the Upper Class Welfare that it really is?
01:40 PM on 01/31/2011
The younger people are paying in more than we did. They should get higher benefits and no cuts.
12:38 PM on 01/31/2011
Let's end taxpayer-funded pension and health benefits for all current and former members of Congress.
photo
bd7769
I may not always be right, but I am never wrong.
01:27 PM on 01/31/2011
agreed
01:38 PM on 01/31/2011
You sound like a Republican, but I like your idea.
03:53 PM on 01/31/2011
Nope, a lifelong Dem. I just think that if Congress wants to fool with SS, they'd be hypocrites to keep their excellent retirement benefits. Put them on SS and Medicare, and see if the problems don't get solved.
12:34 PM on 01/31/2011
SS needs only tweaking akin to that done in the '80s:

Continue to gradually raise the age for full benefits as we live longer.

Continue to gradually raise the ceiling on income subject to SS taxes.

Voila!


In any case, stop including SS in discussions about "Deficit Reduction."

SS has never added one penny to the national debt or any yearly deficit. It has always paid its own way, and in fact has paid for many other programs when DC robbed SS surpluses to pay other bills. The Trust Fund is an obligation like any other obligation of the govt. That money is owed to current and future retirees just as much as debt is owed on treasury bonds bought by China.
01:19 PM on 01/31/2011
We need to wait until farther down the road before even thinking about changing the early or full retirement age. I am not able to work now and neither is my husband.

I see people like Pete Peterson who has lived a coddled life still working (he says) although to him working may be making a few calls and checking in once a day.

Statistics have proven that the higher earners are the ones who are living longest. They live about 6.5 years longer than they did when Social Security began. The lower paid worker lives about 2.5 years longer than they did when Social Security began. Living two years longer was taken care of in 1983 when the full retirement age was gradually raised to 67 from 65. Benefits also were cut then to make up for living longer.
04:02 PM on 01/31/2011
You should be able to collect disability, I would think. Have you checked that out?

As for rasing th full-benefits age, the proposal I've seen is to raise it to 69 by the year 2075. I just don't think that's an outrageous idea. There is also the parallel proposal that those who do hard physical labor would get a break on that. And of course there's Social Security Disability benefits for those folks physically unable to work.
12:33 PM on 01/31/2011
We are in 2 wars with countries who are receiving, losing and stealing more money imagineable from the US taxpayer.

Until we stop these incredible payments and force the American people to make sacrifices, we will never settle the GWB debt. We actually have not been asked to give up anything but in fact, have been asked to SPEND MORE !!! WE ARE IN 2 WARS PEOPLE !!!

We have to increase taxes and repeal the tax dodges for the wealthy.
Everyone will have to pay something - those that have more must pay more.

Reducing taxes any further will drive us into poverty big time - except for the rich of course.
01:12 PM on 01/31/2011
People have lost jobs, and our Medicare and Social Security and unemployment are in jeopardy.

People even pay taxes on their Social Security benefits.

Obama messed up with his extensions of the tax cuts for the rich.
photo
bd7769
I may not always be right, but I am never wrong.
01:39 PM on 01/31/2011
I agree the tax cuts should have been allowed to expire.
07:05 PM on 01/31/2011
Yes he did. I was very disappointed when he did that.