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Erica Gaston

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What's Missing From the Wikileaks Afghanistan Logs

Posted: 07/26/2010 8:33 pm

The recently Wiki-leaked military logs from the war in Afghanistan offer a level of transparency about civilian casualties that countless investigations, several military tactical directives, and hundreds of news reports have not. By not addressing these issues openly earlier and providing a minimum of accountability, ISAF has sabotaged its counterinsurgency strategy, potentially beyond repair.

Much of the press coverage of the more than 75,000 military logs published on Wikileaks has focused on the frequent incidents of civilian casualties. Many of these incidents -- from a CIA shooting of a deaf mute who failed to respond to warnings, to a retaliatory strike by Polish troops killing 5 civilians at a wedding party -- have not been reported before, or at least not in great detail. Further, the frequency of incidents like checkpoint shootings illustrates better than any statistics the level of day-to-day fear and violence that have turned so many Afghan civilians against the international military.

Yet for all the incidents we know about now, thanks to this new public information, the database says a lot more about how much we don't know about the last 9 years. While many civilian casualty incidents are recorded, many more publicly acknowledged incidents do not appear in the Wikileaks dataset. For example, an airstrike in July 2008 that killed 47 civilians, the vast majority women and children, was never reported. An airstrike on November 5, 2008 that killed 40 civilians near Kandahar was not noted. Almost none of the known incidents of problematic night raids -- in which incidents of detainee abuse, civilian casualties, or extreme property destruction or cultural disrespect occurred -- are recorded. If these major incidents did not trigger even an initial cursory report, what else was left out?

In addition, information that does appear in the records seems incomplete or inaccurate. An incident from June 20, 2007 in Chora, Uruzgan, is listed as responsible for 43 insurgent deaths, with no civilian casualties. The final investigation by the UN and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, however, found as many as 80 civilian deaths. On September 4, 2009, an airstrike on insurgents attempting to hijak a fuel tanker in northern Kunduz province is logged, with initial reports suggesting no civilians in the area. However, international media and monitors later found at least 60 civilian deaths.

In both of these cases, the media and independent monitors learned of the incident and pressed for follow up investigations and accurate reporting. But there are many areas of Afghanistan that are inaccessible due to insecurity, and in these areas there is a strong chance that media, the United Nations, or other monitors might never find out. Given what we now know about the way the military track these incidents, and their past record of foot-dragging on public accountability, would inaccurate initial reporting ever be questioned in these cases? An example from the Guardian's investigation suggests not: "There is also at least one episode of UK shootings which the war logs cover up. On 3 December 2006 the US database merely records that a convoy struck an IED in Kandahar, wounding three Royal Marines and causing 25 civilian casualties. But Guardian correspondent Declan Walsh, who was on the scene, interviewed victims in hospital. Witnesses described a shooting spree in which vengeful or scared UK soldiers shot at bystanders, killing two and wounding five. The MoD never publicly investigated these allegations."

These gaps in information need not be deliberate, or malicious. It's not clear how exhaustive this Wikileaks collection is. There may have been other reports filed that have not been publicly leaked. In addition, many of the reports in these files appear to be initial reports, later to be amended upon investigation. Few of these later reports appear in the Wikileaks log. Finally, there's no question that getting to the facts of any encounter is difficult. In many cases it may not be possible to get back to the scene of an incident immediately without putting both soldiers and civilian lives at risk yet again. Even where follow up is possible, there are many hard cases in Afghanistan, in which no amount of research and investigation can make clear exactly what happened.

Yet whether one views these holes in the record as deliberate, negligent, or simply unavoidable, the failure to address the flaws in tracking and accounting for civilian harm, or even to be moderately transparent about these deficiencies, has been extremely harmful to the families affected and to the success of the overall mission in Afghanistan.

After an incident, it is common for Afghan families to seek out international military to ask after family members who have been detained, to seek an apology or compensation, or simply to get answers for why their family was attacked. Most of the time, they have walked away unsatisfied. The standard response of international military to concerned Afghan civilians, or to interlocutors like myself, has been that the incident did not happen, or that no civilians were harmed.

Afghan civilians and civil society have long maintained that many incidents go unreported, yet it has always been hard to prove the negative and international military tend to be given the benefit of the doubt. In meetings with the media, independent monitors, or concerned Afghan officials, incidents of civilian casualties are often denied or minimized, often with an implication that the Afghan civilians in question are lying or exaggerating, motivated by personal greed or insurgent propaganda. International military assert that they account for every bullet fired, and every engagement in which there troops are involved. There is no way that an incident could escape their notice, they say, and they always come first with the truth. Yet the data in the Wikileaks logs casts doubt on those assertions: it appears that many incidents have gone unreported, and many more were simply never disclosed.

Afghan communities and human rights monitors have long called for greater transparency and accountability, and the latest information coming out of Wikileaks makes it only too clear why. Afghan anger over civilian casualties has been a top cause of Afghan resentment and anger at international forces; and a leading recruitment tool for the Taliban. Preventing and addressing civilian harm is now one of ISAF's key counterinsurgency tools, but with the level of accumulated mistrust over the type of civilian harm and lack of disclosure illustrated by these war logs, it may be coming 9 years too late. With a bit more transparency and honesty in dealing with the harm caused by their forces earlier on, the international military might not be in position it is in now.

 
 
 
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professor
Correkt the Spelling and Pick on the Moniker
01:00 AM on 07/31/2010
Civilian deaths in WWI constituted 14% of all deaths. By WWII, 67% of deaths were civilian, more or less 2 dead civilians for every 1 dead soldier. Now it is up to 90%. 9 civilians dead for every 1 dead soldier. A goodly percentage of them babies. In every war now. Everywhere.

And they rationalize it by saying they aren't "trying" to kill them. So that makes it alright. One doubts whether whether soldiers were "trying" or not consoles anyone. Dead am dead, neh?

Want to stay safe in a war zone? Be a soldier.
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voxpop88
02:40 PM on 08/01/2010
professor, thanks!

1. This is a significant comparison, and should be included in every discourse about "civilian casualties," and rationalizations for all armed conflicts by state actors, in general.

2. Is the primary provenance for this: www.casualty-monitor.org/ ?

Much appreciated,
voxpop88
professor
Correkt the Spelling and Pick on the Moniker
11:16 PM on 08/01/2010
I triple-checked a lot of websites. But I originally read the comparison in a book. Which I can't remember the name of. The book's statistics (it was a book about the invention and prosecution of "total war") included the 7 Years' War, in which I think the civilian casulty rate was in the single digits, and than the Napoleonic Wars, the first "total war" in which civilians died en masse (as they say en francais), around 20% as I remember (don't quote me on these statistics, but I think I am on the money in suggesting that civilian casualties were considerably smaller in these 2 wars than they are now by a long shot, whatever the exact numbers), in addition to the percentages I cited about modern wars. But I'm not sure about the exact numbers on the older wars because I can't find the book. The percentages I did cite, however, are so widely accepted as to constitute common knowledge. Thank you.
09:46 AM on 07/28/2010
Does no one remember Viet Nam? It's hard to understand how a country can call itself a 'super power' and let a rag-tag conglomeration of third-world desert dwellers run them out, which is exactly how this will end. The real culprit here is the amount of money in no-bid contracts. There is the rub! That's the growth industry. That is what this is all about. The Bush admin. wouldn't even allow pictures of incoming dead. I suppose that could mean he had a little bit of a conscience, but I don't believe it.
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voxpop88
06:08 AM on 07/28/2010
Most posters here won't bother responding to someone at your level, but you need some schooling.

There are many members of the U.S. armed services that have proudly served their country, and have come to realize that most wars are waste of lives and resources, and should be avoided.

As a start, here is someone for you to research learn from:

Smedley Darlington Butler (July 30, 1881 – June 21, 1940), nicknamed "The Fighting Quaker" and "Old Gimlet Eye", was a Major General in the U.S. Marine Corps, and at the time of his death the most decorated Marine in U.S. history.

During his 34-year career as a Marine, he participated in military actions in the Philippines, China, in Central America during the Banana Wars, the Caribbean and during World War I, he served in France.

In addition to his military achievements... he was an outspoken critic of U.S. military adventurism.
In his 1935 book "War is a Racket," he described the workings of the military-industrial complex and, after retiring from service, became a popular speaker at meetings organized by veterans, pacifists and church groups in the 1930s.

from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smedley_Butler
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05:13 AM on 07/28/2010
I pray for the guys who was courageous enough to expose these atrocities. Their actions are not "reckless" but noble. This is another Cronkite moment. Hopefully this will stimulate the America public to push to end these wars, bring home our children, and stop wasting taxpayers money that can be use to end our addiction to fossil fuels.
06:51 PM on 07/27/2010
OHhhh stop talking to the "victims' has all kinds of innocents that were hurt. RUBBISH. These so called victims are the ones planting the IED's and shooting from schools, Mosques and homes. Until the locals decide they have had enough and begin to turn these murders in who cares if an innocent gets killed by accident
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demockracy
The Library:Like taking your brain to the gym
06:28 PM on 07/27/2010
"This American Life" this weekend aired a story about the treatment of government secrecy. (sorry, not posted to their archives yet, but check http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives for it later).

The show describes a Supreme Court precedent that lets the government cite national security concerns in withholding evidence in trials. In that particular case, the government denied the claims of the widows and orphans created by a crash of a B-29 bomber. Especially significant was that it denied them a look at the crash report, because disclosing the crash report would disclose something secret, and damaging to national security.

Without examining the crash report themselves, the Supreme Court ruled that citizens would have to trust the government when it said national security was at stake. Ever since, the government has relied on this precedent to deny plaintiffs access to just about anything it can classify as "secret."

Fast forward to recent times, and that B-29 crash report (the basis of the SCOTUS 1953 decision) has been de-classified. Guess what?... It contained *nothing* about any secret program, and revealed that the Air Force was negligent in maintaining the plane.

As a postscript, Ira Glass (the "This American Life" narrator) notes that a bill has been stalled in congress that would require that the judge in such national security trials be allowed to see whether the documents being withheld on national security grounds contain anything secret.

This needs to get a lot more attention.
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theprogressiveanalyst
Ignorance is a dangerous thing
10:42 PM on 07/27/2010
One of the books I hope to get to soon is Claim of Privilege by Barry Siegel which is all about this case, Reynolds vs. US. Thanks for bringing this up. The Bush administration stretched this doctrine in the lawsuit by al Masri, the German businessman who was kidnapped and tortured by mistake. While the facts of his case had become well known, the administration argued that for them to defend themselves they would have to reveal state secrets, even though everyone acknowledges it was a case of mistaken identity. The courts, all the way up to the Supreme Court, went along with this ridiculous argument. This is an area crying out for reform.
02:23 AM on 07/28/2010
thank you!
I heard the piece but couldn't remember where the link was
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lynettema
Little old lady
06:14 PM on 07/27/2010
Being against both of these wars from the beginning, I was wondering why after 9 years the people reporting to Wikileaks just now got a conscience. It just seems such a political ploy at this late date.
08:03 PM on 07/27/2010
What were they supposed to do? They probably didn't even know of the existence of wikileaks until the collateral murder video a few months ago. I understand what you're saying but until recently the idea of exposing this must have seemed pretty hopeless.
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lynettema
Little old lady
08:23 PM on 07/27/2010
Are you saying that the leakers didn't have the info until now? Hard to believe. Seems strange that they sat on these docs for 9 years. Strange, too, that when we have some GOPers calling for an end to the war that they would come out. I wish some of the interviewers would have asked the Wikileaks CEO some of these questions. As the President said none of this is info that we were not aware of. I'm still ticked they didn't do this 4 years ago.
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05:30 AM on 07/28/2010
A political ploy to undermine who's administration....
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mrJJ
如果你不投票,你不能抱怨
05:28 PM on 07/27/2010
Source: Newsweek

The cache of classified U.S. military reports on the Iraq War as yet unreleased by WikiLeaks may be more than three times as large as the set of roughly 76,000 similar reports on the war in Afghanistan made public by the whistle-blower Web site earlier this week, Declassified has learned.

Read more:
http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/declassified/2010/07/27/wikileaks-iraq-cache-three-times-bigger.html
GHarry
Kitty wrangler
04:32 PM on 07/27/2010
Even when civilian casualities are reported, they get little mention in the U.S. Last week an incident killed 45 or 47 civilians, mostly women and children, but the U.S. networks virtually ignored it. CNN dealt with this horrific incident by running the news in their crawl across the bottom of the screen -- which is typical of the way that and other networks deal with civilian casualty reports. They obviously have marching orders to put a smiley face on their coverage of the war and minimize the negative aspects. (Now you know why certain big contractors -- which don't need to advertise -- run obviously expensive ads on the networks. The networks quickly become addicted to that ad revenue and don't want to make any enemies among the war industries -- and it really shows.)
04:12 PM on 07/27/2010
It never ceases to amaze me how little girls that have never been in combat can justify their commitment to radical peace loving ideologies. Never mind what they might actual obtain by admitting their gross negligence on the subject or their love of the simpletons belief system of noncombatants, they just seem to inherently know it all. This article deals not with civilian casualties, but rather with combat itself and she has no stomach for it. It's not pleasant. It's not fun, but it is necessary and that cannot be overstated. Hope for her sake she can get involved in subject matters more appropriate for her experience like roller skating or bingo.
04:57 PM on 07/27/2010
Yes, most on here have no experience with combat. A lot of that has to do with the fact that our government discarded the draft because they learned during Viet Nam that too many thinking young adults realized the march of folly that most wars and combat are. As a result, they've relegated our military to a volunteer force where they can more easily prey on the young, impressionable lesss educated members of society. Before you jump down my throat for generalizing about our servie people; I know many very intelligent current and past members of the armed services and most of them realize the illegality and down-right wrong drivers for our current (and most past) wars of US imperialism.

Open your mind and find the truth for the truth will set you free.
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05:31 AM on 07/28/2010
Yeah you right, baby!
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voxpop88
06:10 AM on 07/28/2010
Most posters here won't bother responding to someone at your level, but you need some schooling.

There are many members of the U.S. armed services that have proudly served their country, and have come to realize that most wars are waste of lives and resources, and should be avoided.

As a start, here is someone for you to research learn from:

Smedley Darlington Butler (July 30, 1881 – June 21, 1940), nicknamed "The Fighting Quaker" and "Old Gimlet Eye", was a Major General in the U.S. Marine Corps, and at the time of his death the most decorated Marine in U.S. history.

During his 34-year career as a Marine, he participated in military actions in the Philippines, China, in Central America during the Banana Wars, the Caribbean and during World War I, he served in France.

In addition to his military achievements... he was an outspoken critic of U.S. military adventurism.

In his 1935 book "War is a Racket," he described the workings of the military-industrial complex and, after retiring from service, became a popular speaker at meetings organized by veterans, pacifists and church groups in the 1930s.

from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smedley_Butler
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theprogressiveanalyst
Ignorance is a dangerous thing
10:53 PM on 07/27/2010
Since you have no concern for the morality of killing civilians, you might want to learn about counter insurgency warfare and what makes for successful counter insurgency. You could start by reading War in the Shadows by Robert Asprey, a retired Marine who has been in combat and is a military historian. It is a 2 volume history of guerrilla war. Here's just one good example. Nobody ever accused the Germans in WWII of being too soft on the enemy. They didn't care about killing civilians. They dealt with guerrilla raids by massive firepower and wholesale killings. In Yugoslavia Tito started out with a couple of hundred followers. Thanks to the German tactics, by the end of the war Tito had a couple of hundred thousand partisans fighting the German Army. Ignoring civilian casualties leads to abject failure.
03:29 PM on 07/27/2010
OMG, why do they hate us?
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05:34 AM on 07/28/2010
LOL!
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bosse
02:58 PM on 07/27/2010
Its about time people realize these wars are wrong, and killing innocent people and keeping false reports is wrong. Let us get out. The people of Afghanistan, Iraq and many other countries we occupy, in the name of getting them better, want us out.
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kenhamlett
02:22 PM on 07/27/2010
I am not a supporter of the Afghanistan war. I abhor civilian casualties. However, for better or worse, our soldiers are in a situation where they are fighting people who willingly strap bombs to their children and hide weapons in civilian quarters (specifically to draw fire, so they can then whine about civilian casualties). My objections to the war have to do with its winnability, its cost and the lack of honesty of two Presidents in pursuing the war (the current one ran for office as the "peace" candidate - surely the Nobel Committee is pleased with his performance of late). Naturally, it would be nice to have a war without civilian casualties, but when the opponent programs those casualties into the proceedings, it is unfair to expect our soldiers to return home with a clean record in that area. Let's not ask the impossible of our troops. Let's just redeploy them home -- or to another location where they might actually have a chance of accomplishing something!
02:53 PM on 07/27/2010
I agree with absolutely. While I do not call the honor or committment of the troops in Afghanistan into question, I do call upon our leaders in this war-from the President to the Senators and Representatives, to the generals-to answer the questions regarding the direction this engagement is headed, and the final objectives. Without those, it must seem to all of us that the lives of the military troops and the civilians are being wasted in vain. We keep hearing that to abandon Afghanistan now would be a disservice to those whose lives have already been sacrificed; how many more lives must be given in order for this to be accomplished?
05:16 PM on 07/27/2010
"...our soldiers are in a situation where they are fighting people who willingly strap bombs to their children and hide weapons in civilian quarters (specifically to draw fire, so they can then whine about civilian casualties)."

Bollocks.
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
11:45 AM on 07/27/2010
In the larger scheme of things all of this does not amount to much. We all know that atrocious things happen in any war and this one is no different. All these documents describe the tactical world. The real questions ought to be asked on the strategic level. What are the real reasons why we are in Afghanistan?
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04:04 PM on 07/27/2010
The official reason for our being in Afghanistan is to protect our national security, and that reason is as likely to stick as well as any other ones--regardless of the "real" reasons. If we are ever to disengage from Afghanistan without "winning" in the conventional sense, the American public will have to be convinced that we will not be jeopardizing our national security, that our security would better be served by pursuing tactics that win the hearts and minds battle and not necessarily the military battle. That is why I think these documents are important in the ongoing debate about the war. They add credence to the possibility that maintaining combat forces in Afghanistan may not be in our strategic interest.
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
04:26 PM on 07/27/2010
I am not saying these documents are without value, just without much value.

"They add credence to the possibility that maintaining combat forces in Afghanistan may not be in our strategic interest."

I've never thought combat forces in Afghanistan can be in our strategic interest. And what is the strategic interest and who determines that? If we spent our money we've spent on the these useless wars and the empire in general since 2001 on renewable energy systems we would have no "strategic" reason for the empire.

Any discussion on the utility of forces in Afghanistan is an a priori capitulation to the imperial logic. It issue is not being in Afghanistan but being an empire which is utterly useless to the American people. All cost and no benefits for the people. The benefits of the empire go to less than 1% of the population and that is why it exists. Empire exists for hegemonic control of the world by a tiny number of rich around the world.

The empire is not just wasted resources. It distorts our real economy and it erodes our strength while killing our republic in every sense of that word. Empire is a dangerous beast.
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Sock De Jour
Democracy is an illusion
08:39 AM on 07/27/2010
It's possible that what's missing is the documents Wikileaks is holding and researching. They received over 90,000 documents and have so far released 77,000. The ones they haven't released are supposedly the worst war crimes, so THAT may be what's missing.

And if not, we can't assume that the truth's necessarily in a military document or resides somewhere in the Pentagon.

When Pat Tillman was killed, the reports or conclusions did not contain the truth. Three bullets to the head from 10 yards away is not a friendly fire incident.

As important as it is, that the information on war crimes is on display for US citizens to be fully informed about what's being done in Afghanistan on their behalf and in their name, it doesn't guarantee any kind of justice, consequences or end to the murder.

It's doubtful prosecutions will result from the leaked documents. With Abu Ghraib, two scapegoats were found, for policies and crimes handed down from the highest levels of government.
02:52 PM on 07/27/2010
"It's doubtful prosecutions will result from the leaked documents." What about Bradley Manning? Isn't he in detention, right now, as the suspected leaker?
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05:39 AM on 07/28/2010
Lets all pray for Bradley Manning safety.
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voxpop88
03:39 AM on 08/01/2010
"Unreleased war crime docs" are key.