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Faheem Younus

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Muhammad Never Tortured Prisoners of War

Posted: 05/17/11 02:17 AM ET

Thanks to my friend, Farid, for sending this joke: Wikileaks released the following taped conversation between President Obama and Pakistan's President Zardari, who is well known for taking kickbacks.

President Obama: Mr. President, I am going to make the announcement of Osama bin Laden's death to the world. Would you like to take any credit for this operation?

President Zardari: No, sir. No credit. I take cash only.

Jokes aside, bin Laden's death has ignited the "who gets the credit" debate. Who gets the credit for his death, who gets the credit for extracting actionable intelligence and who gets the credit (or blame) for sanctioning torture?

While some ascribe the critical discovery of bin Laden's courier to Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who was waterboarded 183 times, many reject this notion. Senator John McCain, someone belonging to the latter group, recently remarked in an Op-Ed, "I know from personal experience that the abuse of prisoners sometimes produces good intelligence but often produces bad intelligence because under torture a person will say anything he thinks his captors want to hear -- true or false -- if he believes it will relieve his suffering."

Yes, I admire the Senator for publically rejecting the use of torture. But his statement also leaves me perplexed. Why have politicians and talking heads refrained from giving credit to one specific person? Someone whose denunciation of torture is unprecedented and predates the Geneva Convention by centuries: Prophet Muhammad.

Not only did Muhammad categorically reject torture, but he espoused equal treatment -- both physically and emotionally -- for prisoners of war in an era plagued with enslavement, limb severance and mutilation of corpses.

Take the Battle of Badr for example. The Prophet encountered an attack three times the number of all his adult male followers. Early in the battle, Muslims captured a water carrier from the enemy side. They enquired from him about the whereabouts of Abu Sufyan, a lead enemy general. The water carrier confessed to knowing the location of four other generals but maintained that he did not know about Abu Sufyan's location. The Muslims started beating him. In turn, the water carrier would fake cooperation to avoid beating. But as the beating stopped, he would reiterate his ignorance about Abu-Sufyan's location, and a new round of beating would commence. The Prophet, praying nearby, concluded his prayers due to the commotion and said, "You beat him when he is telling you the truth, and you let him go when he tells you a lie."

Wait, wait. That sounds familiar, doesn't it?

But Muhammad went on to prohibit inflicting even emotional pain on the prisoners by declaring, "When prisoners of war are put under guard, those closely related should be placed together" and by mandating the return of enemy corpses instead of mutilation.

Why would Muhammad employ such a policy?

Policies have to be aligned with goals. If our goal is to get into the minds of terrorists, we must do that by "going to school on each captive," says Colonel Stuart Herrington, a retired army intelligence officer who advised teams at Guantánamo Bay. He and his teams "collected mountains of excellent, verified information" in Vietnam, Panama and the first Gulf War, he said, "by learning the prisoner's beliefs and fears, his hatreds and his loyalties, his family details and his core vulnerability."

Muhammad's goal was not to get into the minds of his prisoners; his goal was to get into their hearts. And he achieved this goal by preaching equal -- not just fair -- treatment between the captor and the captive.

In his farewell address the Prophet reminded all who were present, "O men, you still have in your possession some prisoners of war. I advise you, therefore, to feed them and to clothe them in the same way and style as you feed and clothe yourselves ... To give them pain or trouble can never be tolerated."

Muslims were expected to free the prisoners, if they could not meet these standards.

Such equality, not war, allowed many prisoners to embrace Islam. As one of them related in later days, "They made us ride while they themselves walked; they gave us wheaten bread to eat when there was little of it, contenting themselves with dates."

As an American Muslim, I feel waterboarded every time my politicians and pundits revere The Hague and Geneva Conventions but fail to acknowledge Muhammad's pioneering contributions toward eliminating torture against prisoners of war.

So this is my call to the Pakistani leaders: Instead of pocketing cash in kickbacks, focus on building credibility for your country. You must root out your corrupt laws and corrupt practices in order to root our extremism.

And this is my call to the U.S. leaders: We might be able to thwart the next terror plot by getting into the minds of the extremists, but we cannot win the moral debate on torture without winning over the hearts of Muslims. Recognizing Muhammad's contributions, instead of glossing them over, would be a good first step in achieving that goal.

Give credit please. No cash needed.

And it's not a joke.

Faheem Younus is an adjunct faculty member for religion/history at the Community Colleges of Baltimore County and a clinical associate professor at the University of Maryland. He can be reached at faheem.younus@ahmadiyya.us

 
 
 
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Faheem Younus
11:26 PM on 05/24/2011
Dear friends:
I wanted to take a moment to thank all those who engaged in a well-intentioned rigorous dialogue about this article.

Stay tuned. This subject is not going away. My future blogs will discuss other hotly debated topics (forced conversions, shariah law, women rights, polygamy, treatment of Jews etc) where the actions of some extremist Muslims have allowed people to attack the character of the Prophet Muhammad (sa).

If you are interested in a specific topic, please feel free to suggest.

Thanks,

FY
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Talab
I tot i taw a putty tat
11:44 PM on 05/28/2011
Asalaam alaikum
American and muslim for almost 8 years now so when i say things like you said in this article, all i get is " you're being fooled " Well no i am not but how to get by the prejudice built by 10 years of ignorant media hype by "experts " that realy know nothing about Islam. How do we get by the idea that all muslims believe exactly the same when we are as varied as Catholics , protestants and mormons in the christian world and then with local culture piled on true islam even when it is opposed to the teachings of Islam. Nice try i hope you are more sucessful than i have ever been ( lol and dont lose your temper as often, my own personal "jihad" or struggle with myself)
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DrHas
03:38 AM on 05/29/2011
Thank you for the article. It's strange hearing about even one small detail of the prophet's attributes, ie his inspiring treatment of enemy combatatnts (the ppl who persecuted them for 13yrs) in a newssite like this where mind numbing lies are spread about him on most Islam related news. Well, I guess lies, by their nature, are bound to perish, especially when truth comes. Its high time ppl stopped believing whatever the hate broadcasters print in their sites and actually do some research.
11:37 PM on 05/23/2011
sallysees wrote: I hardly understand what professor Younus is trying to say here: that Islam is not radical, or that perhaps it has been hijacked by radicals. That its otherwise a "Peaceful" religion?

The title of this piece is "Muhammad Never Tortured Prisoners of War". Alternate titles could be "Give credit where credit is due" or "A strategy for winning the war on terrorism".

Professor Younus is saying that war strategists can learn from Muhammad's lack of use of torture. Perhaps sallysees is confusing one part of the whole with another. I think the point put forth is simple, whether one agrees or not.

I have to say that even as a comment, this 'off the record' stuff is more like tongue in cheek, wink wink!!!.

Lets stick to the topic and on the record references.
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03:40 PM on 05/23/2011
I hardly understand what professor Younus is trying to say here: that Islam is not radical, or that perhaps it has been hijacked by radicals. That its otherwise a "Peaceful" religion?

A Defence Department analyist, and a counter-intelligence agent, said off the record, that the highest levels of the American government have been infiltrated by Islamist.
He was given an assignment from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to find out what the Jihady ideology and operational methods were.
He said, that, what he expected to find, was while there were basis for the Jihadist arguments for warfare but there were competing arguments, and his hope was that he could leverage them and gain a means to counter it, but as the Jihadist were operating on the basis of Islamic law, he had to start there.
So over a long period of time, he collected a large body of Islamic law, since there's a large body of it in English.
He said that, to his surprise, he soon learned that if you use Islamic law as a criterior to measure legitimacy and illegitimacy, you can't show that the moderates have a doctrinal basis for the position they hold, and you can't show, that on the basis of Islamic law, the Jihadist are wrong.

So, if the Moderates are not actually arguing on the basis of Islamic law., how can we accept their argument that Islam is a Peaceful religion?
04:47 PM on 05/23/2011
SallySees and CopyPastes. Topic was torture. Kindly find related rhetoric.
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09:42 AM on 05/23/2011
Credit should go Tsun Tzu, an ancient Chinese general predated around 500 bc who according to his manual on the Art of Warfare said, " Mix the captured chariots with our own.. treat the captured soldiers well... This is called defeating the enemy and incresing our strength" Surpringly, his manual is read extensively by all major strategic thinkers.
01:14 PM on 05/23/2011
Sure why not , credit should go to any general , leader , king/queen or Prophet, regardless of race and religion, who didn't use torture and showed respect to the prisoners. Whether its Jesus of Nazereth or Tsun Tzu of ancient China or Prophet Mohammad of Arabia or a secular institution/agreement like Genva convention.
On the other hand you won't give credit to someone just because he is muslim. In this thread you have repeated this argument so many times. come on man, relax, why do you feel so unsecure that you can't admit one good thing about Prophet Mohammad? Take a deep breath and repeat after me "Muhammad Never Tortured Prisoners of War". See how simple it is.
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02:40 PM on 05/23/2011
You can do for me, lol. Make sure you do did it in front of the mirror, it's more effective.
The point is that there were so many people who have inspired the Geneva Convention and if only he can prove that P. Mohamad was the one who inspired it.
As far as I am concerned, he is just generalising. I thought when one writes an article, one has to be more specific and not mislead others.
That's the crux.
At the same time, people fail to know that there were parallel civilizations at the same time, so mercy and compassion do not belong to one particular group.
Frankly speaking, there are muslims in my family, so I don't have problems with them.
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08:40 PM on 05/22/2011
MiraMcB wrote: "If you want credit for your prophet's ideas, fine with me. I am sure, however, if we look hard enough, we can find similar examples of such noble ideas offered by the prophets of all faiths."

Agreed. We should give credit to all worthy ideas, regardless of origin.

MiraMcB wrote: "One thing to note is that, for the most part, the Bible, the Qur'an, the Book of Mormon - all were written after the fact by devoted fans, so I have always suspected the presence of massive embelishme­nts to all these "documents­"."

Qur'an was written in the lifetime of Muhammad. Objective thinking is a good quality to have. Have you had a chance to substantiate your doubts? This may help: http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Introduction-Study-Holy-Quran.pdf (page 354)

MiraMcB wrote: "Perhaps Muhammad wouldn't approve. Someone should tell the Taliban, Al Quaeda, Hammas, Hezbollah, etc. Oh, and it would be nice if we could put a stop to the social and sexual disfigurme­nt of women, honor killings, etc."

Agreed. Muhammad would most certainly not approve and we should do our part in removing misunderstandings from all sides.
06:04 PM on 05/22/2011
The Western world is becoming more and more secular, there is less and less interest even in our very own stone age superstition as a context for the modern world, so it is quite understandable if this foreign superstition isn´t placed before or anywhere near our secular laws.
08:14 PM on 05/22/2011
Very interesting! Agree totally with the assessment of Western world becoming secular.

However, I would like to know the definition of 'superstition' in the context of historical lessons on torture. And kindly also elaborate and differentiate 'foreign superstition' from 'our own stone age superstition' so we are on the same page.
08:59 PM on 05/22/2011
Christianity ruled the Western world with an iron fist for a long time, so that is "our very own superstition", Islam being the "foreign". When considering the rationale or history of laws in the West we don´t include Jesus in that equation, so it´s kind of unreasonable to expect that we would mention a foreign figure of religious mythology either.
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MiraMcB
An eternally optimistic skeptic.
05:49 PM on 05/22/2011
If you want credit for your prophet's ideas, fine with me. I am sure, however, if we look hard enough, we can find similar examples of such noble ideas offered by the prophets of all faiths. One thing to note is that, for the most part, the Bible, the Qur'an, the Book of Mormon - all were written after the fact by devoted fans, so I have always suspected the presence of massive embelishments to all these "documents".

Who had what idea and how important that all is is very diminished in the face of the perversions of the credo. The Qur'an, in particular, is waved around as a justification for some of the most horrific mass murders, torture, genocide, you name it, in the modern era.

Perhaps Muhammad wouldn't approve. Someone should tell the Taliban, Al Quaeda, Hammas, Hezbollah, etc. Oh, and it would be nice if we could put a stop to the social and sexual disfigurment of women, honor killings, etc.

Just a few thoughts...
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Talab
I tot i taw a putty tat
11:31 PM on 05/28/2011
And Jesus would have approved of the Inquisition ( not only in spain but all over europe) the way America or Israel were "settled"not to mention colonies everywhere that "educated " the "heathen" while essentially stealing the best of anything that they had....
12:27 AM on 05/29/2011
"One thing to note is that, for the most part, the Bible, the Qur'an, the Book of Mormon - all were written after the fact by devoted fans, so I have always suspected the presence of massive embelishme­nts to all these "documents­". "

Not true. Quran was not only written but also memorized word by word by many companions of the Prophet (pbuh) in real time. Please make that correction. There is no embellishment in the Quran.
11:47 AM on 05/22/2011
julian101 wrote: "can we stop pretending that these guys provide really great direction for the 21st century? Its time to move on."

Just because something is older doesn't mean we throw it out and move one. We don't throw away old jewelry. We cherish the experience of our elders.

The whole western civilization borrowed its ideas of democracy from the Greek. Both the US and the Athenian government had the Legislative, Executive, and the Judicial branches. We seem to be doing OK with these archaic ideas. Same goes for modern medicine, sports, philosophy which were influenced by the Greek. Myron's famous sculpture, the Discus Thrower is an example of a kind of sport in ancient Greece that is a part of modern Olympics.
06:31 PM on 05/22/2011
Yes human history has produced some timeless IDEAS which work in the modern world. But religious mythology from thousands of years ago is hardly a guiding light for the modern world, in fact the more people follow those the less and slower development we can expect. As for it being the word of god, did god think for example that slavery was OK and then we mere mortal human beings slowly figured out that it isn´t?
08:07 PM on 05/22/2011
Dear friend,

1). 1500 years is not the same as 'thousands of years'. Islam is the most modern of major religions.

2). The author is trying to say that each idea has to be judged on its own merit.

3). Nothing about word of God was mentioned in my comment or in the article. That subject may be best dealt with in an altogether separate piece. The author is making the case for an unbiased analysis and giving credit where credit is due. I think we can agree on that in principle.
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Jelle NL
Unity in Diversity
03:57 AM on 05/22/2011
-- As an American Muslim, I feel waterboarded every time my politicians and pundits revere The Hague and Geneva Conventions but fail to acknowledge Muhammad's pioneering contributions toward eliminating torture against prisoners of war. --

The Quran and Hadith without doubt preceded & inspired the The Hague and Geneva Conventions as well as The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But in a pluralistic world these latter ones have one major advantage over the first ones: they are based on CONSENSUS (instead of revelation). As a world citizen please do not feel waterboarded about that.
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09:50 AM on 05/23/2011
BTW, please name the pundits because we are so so impatient to know who they were.
I hate sweeping statements ..la di da.. just prove it.
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Jelle NL
Unity in Diversity
01:36 PM on 05/23/2011
Supermoon2011 - The first part of my comment was a quote from the blog.
I am afraid bloggers like Dr. Faheem Younus hate it when commentators do not ... la di da ... read their blogs in the first place :)
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gal416
is a Bible verse † † †
03:42 AM on 05/22/2011
To be truthful, I don't know much about the Qur'an nor do I feel inclined to learn. As a Christian I do know a bit about the Bible and I will probably spend the rest of my life studying it and not have enough time to learn all there is to know. After reading Mr. Younus' article above, I can tell you that what he related to what the Prophet said in the above article is much the same as what Jesus said although Jesus'version is slightly more condensed. "Love thy neighbour as thyself". What could possibly be wrong with that?
10:19 AM on 05/22/2011
You are right on gal416. There is nothing wrong with these teachings. But hate sells. The mainstream media will be go bankrupt if we all started loving our neighbor:)
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MiraMcB
An eternally optimistic skeptic.
05:42 PM on 05/22/2011
The Qur'an is much like the Bible - many like to use wave it around, but very few actually follow it's teachings.
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02:54 AM on 05/22/2011
Why do people bother doing this? The same battle you talk about above ended with all the male prisoners being executed by beheading, and the women taken as booty. While its great there was no waterboarding the story and all, I'm fairly sure that that would be a policy too many would also approve on (it would however maybe help with recruitment...)

can we stop pretending that these guys provide really great direction for the 21st century? Its time to move on.
10:18 AM on 05/22/2011
Not correct. No one was beheaded at the end of the above battle. Instead a prisoner could teach 10 Muslims how to read and write and gain his freedom. Many were freed. no one was beheaded. Please read about the battle of Badr...
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06:51 PM on 05/26/2011
Oh, I thought he said the battle of Trench .
Your thoughts on that one?
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gal416
is a Bible verse † † †
12:43 AM on 05/22/2011
Being an evangelical Christian fundamentalist, I can say Amen to that. Thank you Faheem.
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BurtonDesque
Fear a Blank Planet
01:21 AM on 05/22/2011
You do realize what your avatar is from, right?
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gal416
is a Bible verse † † †
02:12 AM on 05/22/2011
The cover of Peter Gabriel's soundtrack to the Last Temptation of Christ. The music was exceptional.
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01:39 PM on 05/21/2011
I wonder which of Mohammad's Hadiths professor Younus is referencing in this piece?

They much earlier,far more, peaceful and relatively mild ones, or a later, far more bloody and ghastly ones, such as cutting off the heads of any who would rather keep their own religious beliefs?

I'm sure, as anyone familiar with the teaching of Islam would know, those instructions are very clear about which ones any believer must choose.
If there is any doubt, the later ones always have authority over all earlier commandments the prophet had a change of mind on.
Therefore, no faithful follower of the prophet Mohammad can refused to follow his command to strike off the heads of all unbelievers..under pain of death.
Anyone who teaches otherwise, is denying the holy sayings of the prophet of Allah!

I challenge anyone, whoever he is, to prove the above statements are not the true teachings of the Koran?
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The Knocker
a mind is a terrible thing to waste
04:58 PM on 05/21/2011
Before making challenges to anyone, among intelligentsia academia and a civil society, its always require on those who make accusation to bring forth their evidence first.
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Cindbird
12:45 AM on 05/22/2011
What chapter of the Hadith are you quoting? Without giving exact quotes, your claims are just that claims without evidence. Also, even I know that the Hadith and the Koran are 2 separate documents.So which one is it that you wish to quote?
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09:54 AM on 05/23/2011
Since you are the expert, give some quotes.