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Gadadhara Pandit Dasa

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Hinduism: Where Science and Spirituality Intersect

Posted: 09/20/11 05:21 PM ET

A couple of years ago, I was invited to a panel discussion at Columbia University on science and religion. Not having a background in science, I was a bit uncomfortable with participating, but the group organizing the event really wanted an Eastern/Hindu perspective on how science fits into the Hindu philosophy and tradition. Hesitatingly, I agreed.

Right before the event began, I approached the professor on the panel to say hello. We had met once before, and as I stretched out my hand for a shake I noticed a hesitation on his part in return. Frankly, he didn't look very happy to see me, but I didn't make much of it. During the dialogue and discussion, I noticed he was very aggressive and took every opportunity to belittle all the aspects of spirituality and yoga, of which he had little or no knowledge about in the first place. I realized at that moment that there was a new breed of fanatics on the rise and this breed had nothing to do with religion.

I realized from this discussion that there is a more mature way to approach this dialogue, and in course of doing research for this dialogue, I discovered a wonderful synthesis between my faith and the cutting edge of science. It helped me to understand that science and spirituality aren't mutually exclusive. I also saw how much faith we place in the field of science and its theories.

Some would comment that faith is only necessary when it comes to matters of religion and that science is based on empirical evidence. Although this sounds nice, it's not 100 percent accurate. For example, we all believe in the existence of the atom. But how many people on the planet have actually seen an atom with their own eyes? I'm not in any way denying the existence of the atom. Nor do I dis-believe the people who have measured its existence. The point made here is that we are placing faith in those who have done the experiment and we are accepting their results. The masses are placing faith in the few who have done the experiment.

Another item we place implicit faith in is the "Big Bang Theory," which tells us that the universe began 15-20 billion years ago from a single point. Who can prove to us the reality of a phenomena that took place tens of billions of years ago? There's no instant replay when we're dealing with life and time. We can't be shown what happened that far in the past. There may be some evidence and reason to believe that this is how it happened, but at the end of the day we can't know for sure and that's where faith comes in.

This video clip from the famous astronomer/cosmoslogist Carl Sagan reflects a similar line of thought.


In a recent article, in the U.S. News and World Report, physicist Roger Penrose theorized that the Big Bang might be one in a cycle of such events, suggesting that the universe has had multiple existences. This is common knowledge to one familiar with Vedic philosophy and cosmology, which very clearly indicates that the universe has had many births and deaths.

The centuries-old wisdom of the Vedic texts doesn't stop there. They claim that our universe is just one of many universes, a concept entertained by modern science and referred to as "the multiverse theory." The description given is that our universe is one mustard seed in a bag full of a practically uncountable number of mustard seeds. This concept is toyed with in famous Hollywood movies such as "Contact" and "Men In Black."

In the West, Einstein is credited with the Theory of Relativity. However, one might be quite surprised to learn that there are multiple examples of it in the Puranic texts of India. Einstein's hypothetical experiment known as the "twin paradox" suggests that if one of a pair of twins travels to outer space at high speed, while the other remains on earth, when the space traveling twin returns, he will be younger than his counterpart on earth. The following passages from the Bhagavat Purana communicates the relativity of time:

"... One's life endures for only one hundred years, in terms of the times in the different planets... Eternal time is certainly the controller of different dimensions, from that of the atom up to the super-divisions of the duration of Brahmā's life; but, nevertheless, it is controlled by the Supreme. Time can control only those who are body conscious, even up to the Satyaloka or the other higher planets of the universe."

There is also a story from the Puranas which parallels Einstein's hypothetical experiment. A yogi, upon exiting the earthly realm for the higher planetary realms, was informed by the inhabitants of these higher realms that millions of years had instantly passed on Earth in the mere moments since he had entered the higher realms. They also told him that all of his relatives and everyone he had ever known was deceased. We can pass this off as myth or fable, but one should ponder how these texts of ancient India are coming up with concepts that are so close to modern scientific theories.

There is a wonderful synergy between science and spirituality within the Vedic tradition, and I don't believe there is a real border dividing them. It's all just wisdom and knowledge, which is what the term Veda means. These are all truths that are meant to inform us of the world and universe we inhabit so that we can understand our place in it. These truths help us to ultimately transcend the realm of matter, shed the material body we inhabit and endeavor to re-enter the spiritual realm.

 

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A couple of years ago, I was invited to a panel discussion at Columbia University on science and religion. Not having a background in science, I was a bit uncomfortable with participating, but the gro...
A couple of years ago, I was invited to a panel discussion at Columbia University on science and religion. Not having a background in science, I was a bit uncomfortable with participating, but the gro...
 
 
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LegoPiece
It's all rock n' roll to me.
04:15 PM on 10/05/2011
Well, this is all rather interesting because the ISKCON group's idol His Divine Grace Srila Prabhupada had some very fascinating views on science. According to him, the moon is farther away from us than the sun, and it has a fiery surface with a cool atmosphere. Women are intellectually, culturally and spiritually inferior to men and this is proven by the size of their brains. On evolution, the classic question was asked by his divine grace: "If man evolved from a monkey, then why is the monkey still existing?". Sorry, but this is just another religion trying to lend itself credibility on the hard-working shoulders of real science.
12:27 PM on 09/28/2011
“Hinduism’s understand­ing of time is as grandiose as time itself. While most cultures base their cosmologie­s on familiar units such as few hundreds or thousands of years, the Hindu concept of time embraces billions and trillions of years. The Puranas describe time units from the infinitesi­mal truti, lasting 1/1,000,00­00 of a second to a mahamantav­ara of 311 trillion years. Hindu sages describe time as cyclic, an endless procession of creation, preservati­on and dissolutio­n. Scientists such as Carl Sagan have expressed amazement at the accuracy of space and time descriptio­ns given by the ancient rishis and saints, who fathomed the secrets of the universe through their mystically awakened senses.

(source: Hinduism Today April/May/­June 2007 p. 14).”
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r henry
I live between concrete walls
04:04 PM on 09/26/2011
I became interested in Advaita - non-dualism - about 15 years ago and about 5 or so years ago I began to read about Quantum Physics and was stunned at how beautifully the two come together. This article is only just touching the surface.
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12:43 PM on 09/26/2011
Christianity: Where science and spirituality intersect. Should be the topic.
The Magi or wise men (scientist), from the new testament, were one of the first to find out about the birth of Jesus, by the knowledge of the stars. They followed a bright star, which lead them to where Jesus was born. They knew to bring gifts and to worship the "king of kings" when they saw him. If scientist today were to have the same ambition, not doubting that God exsist, I believe they would find God again. The one true God, not the fallen angels, who claimed to be gods.
03:38 PM on 09/26/2011
And that knowledge of stars came from where exactly? Here's a hint: It wasn't Christianity or Judaism, these "wise men" were from East, where they already knew all about astronomy. That's just humoring the storybook version of the birth of Christ, which doesn't quite hold up to historical scrutiny.

They weren't worshiping anything, nor were they in search of a God. If one truly examines the path of Christianity one would find that the story matches more with the "fallen angels who claimed to be god", rather than god. The true divine isn't that particular about what name his/her devotees apply or what ritual they choose. Anyone who doesn't get that, doesn't get god.
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05:42 PM on 09/26/2011
Here I go again. Astronomy was taught to men by the fallen angels actually. They had little knowledge, which they took and taught the sons of men, during their disobedience towards God. Knowledge starts with God my friend.
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r henry
I live between concrete walls
03:58 PM on 09/26/2011
Christianity is certainly not a religion that has any foundation in science. If you know anything about Advaita, it is very cohesive with quantum physics.
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05:43 PM on 09/26/2011
Science is the material foundation of the knowledge of God's creation.
12:13 AM on 09/26/2011
Science and Myth the hidden connection.

http://www.worldwisdom.com/uploads/pdfs/237.pdf
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crydespite
no-one is ever 'just saying'
12:14 PM on 09/24/2011
"suggesting that the universe has had multiple existences. This is common knowledge to one familiar with Vedic philosophy and cosmology..." unquote

please.

the expansion of the universe was first measured only in the 1930s. and the inference from that and from the elemental abundances and the microwave background, followed over the ensuing few decades. I don't recall the Vedic texts being advanced as arguments against the single big bang back then. Only when someone comes up with a scientific hypothesis (please don't use the word "theory" for the multiverse idea - it doesn't have the evidential backing yet) do we get the "oh we have known this for centuries" line. How did you know it? where did you get the microwave antennae, spectrographs etc.? I'm sorry but if we're supposed to be slapping our foreheads and saying "oh if only we had asked the Hindu elders what the Universe was like we could have saved ourselves from having to go and find out", we're not.
12:40 AM on 09/26/2011
frankly cryde you are wrong. Just because something is written in a different language, and a metaphorical one at that, does not mean that it is not addressing the same questions and theories of the modern day.
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crydespite
no-one is ever 'just saying'
07:21 AM on 09/26/2011
I have no problem about the language, of course. But if you're defending the author's hijacking of cosmology for his religion (I did read the article; he states that "we already knew that" then I don't think referring to it as metaphor really helps. If they were writing about the actual Universe then it's not metaphor and I would still like to know how they knew (and once again, this is not established physics even now). If they weren't writing about the actual Universe, then the author's claim goes away. Which is it?
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r henry
I live between concrete walls
04:06 PM on 09/26/2011
I don't think that's the point of this article at all. Science certainly has a valuable place but it's difficult to overlook the striking similarity between the non-dualist teachings of Hinduism and a concept such as a singularity from which erupted all of the universe.
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crydespite
no-one is ever 'just saying'
10:32 PM on 09/27/2011
perhaps if the author is still reading, a comment from them would help. personally I think that is precisely the point of the article; the language could not be clearer - the claim is that Vedic mystics knew that there were multiverses (and once again - this is not established physics). I could single out many things in many religions which "sound" like a singularity. But that doesn't make any of those things valid science.

we're talking past each other I think. I'll get my coat.
09:01 AM on 09/24/2011
"Belief" in the Big Bang Theory, or any other scientific theory, is based on probability given a set of sometimes contradictory facts. Theologians deal with "truth", rejecting some facts in favor of others. Given a choice, I will trust probability over truth.

That does not mean that I can't apply that same reasoning to my religion. The faith and teaching of Buddha and Jesus - that we must change ourselves, and let that change radiate out from us in order to change the world - is both counter-intuitive and perhaps the only way that real change can happen.
07:56 PM on 09/23/2011
Considering you end the article with "These truths help us to ultimately transcend the realm of matter, shed the material body we inhabit and endeavor to re-enter the spiritual realm." you evidently carried no intention of composing even a moderately balanced article, exploring both sides of the argument, or even offering a fair insight into the views of scientific mind.

"Who can prove to us the reality of a phenomena that took place tens of billions of years ago? There's no instant replay when we're dealing with life and time."

Firstly, you do realize that 'phenomena' is the plural form of phenomenon, do you not? Your skills as a journalist reflect your abysmal understanding of modern scientific theory.

Secondly, is this really your argument? That because we have no instant replay we can't prove what happened? The criminal justice department should altogether resign, then. If we can garner enough evidence from the aftermath of a phenomenon we can generally piece together what happened - we are limited only by the amount of evidence we can gather & its cumulative detail. The entire night sky is screaming the story of its formation into our faces, as you mess about in your yoga class.

You want a replay? Look up into the sky with an open mind.

Finally, what a miserable load of apologetic, disingenuous hogwash - as the vast majority of religious articles on HP are.
08:49 PM on 09/23/2011
Um, which article is it that you think you were commenting on?

Your response seems to be rather extreme, based on the article above. What argument was there exactly that wasn't explored on both sides? That faith is present in many aspects of life, and that scientific thought flows harmoniously in the realm of religious texts as well?

He seems to understand modern scientific theory just fine.

Perhaps you need to take a deep cleansing breath and chill out a tad.
11:48 PM on 09/23/2011
I referenced quotes from the article at hand, so either you didn't notice this or you were being coy in suggesting I was confused. As for being balanced, the journalist insinuates that no one has ever seen an atom, yet published images of them have been around for at least 25 years. Therefore either Gadadhara was being disingenuous or isn't aware of one of the most widely referenced scientific images of all time - one which was directly contradistinctive to a crucial point in the article. It's fair to assume the latter, thus it's fair to say this man has an abysmal understanding of modern scientific theory.

He also suggests that we must have faith in those who conduct experiments to accept the results of said experiments, which is missing the point of the scientific method entirely. The results are published, as are the methods to obtain such results in repeated experiments. The experience is shared, the data peer-reviewed. That it is necessary to have faith in the original experimenters to accept the results is to say it is necessary to have faith in the original author of a song in order to enjoy playing it yourself.

As for being chill, this is something I'm passionate about & this journalist has no idea what he is doing. Perhaps you too should take a deep breath.
12:43 AM on 09/26/2011
the journalist might not be perfect but his point still stands. The Eastern religious tradition is profoundly different from the Western, and does indeed cover many of the paradoxes brought up by modern science.
06:57 PM on 09/23/2011
There can be no contradiction between a religion in its original form and science, for both have emanated from the same Source.

Sincerely,
tolerant
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Caru
Politics is fun to watch.
05:36 PM on 09/23/2011
I assure you, any similarities are purely coincidental.
08:49 PM on 09/23/2011
On what basis do you make this assurance?
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Caru
Politics is fun to watch.
07:43 AM on 09/24/2011
A working knowledge of human behaviour.
TomMartin
Freedom and equality.
07:14 AM on 09/23/2011
Similarly some Christians claim there are scientific truths in the Bible that have been accepted by science only recently. And some Muslims make similar claims about the Qur'an.
It all depends on how one analyzes a text. So while these claims are interesting, it is better not to worship a text, but worship regardless of what a text says.
08:52 PM on 09/23/2011
Um one doesn't worship the Vedas, or the Puranas or any other text in Hinduism it's the meaning that is important. The 'literal word' of whomever religions are the ones who worship the text itself. Hindu philosophy is about pondering the meaning and not worshiping some book. The fact that there isn't a "bible" in Hinduism kinda underlines that.
TomMartin
Freedom and equality.
10:32 PM on 09/23/2011
I guess the fact that the Vedas are not considered the word of a God contributes to this attitude.
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Doug Sandlin
We See The World Not As It Is But As We Are
09:17 PM on 09/22/2011
A very interesting video on "The First Revolution in the Mind Sciences", by B. Alan Wallace, a former Buddhist monk with a degree in Physics, speaking at Google HQ:

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=983112177262602885

The video is pertinent to this thread, because it addresses both how and why the dharmic traditions and science have mutually complimentary approaches and information to offer one another, outlined by someone who understands both disciplines, based on many years of personal and professional experience.
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Doug Sandlin
We See The World Not As It Is But As We Are
08:57 PM on 09/22/2011
A couple of links that contain quite a bit of information on the intersections of Hinduism and science:

http://www.spaceandmotion.com/

"In India science and religion are not opposed fundamentally, as they often seem to be in the West."

http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Hindu_Cosmology.htm
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SKSagar
Superconsciousness switched on the bigbang
02:51 AM on 09/22/2011
PART 2:
(continued from my 9.09AM response of yesterday)
Consider the quote:
``Whatever the differences of opinion about the nature of God, I know of no religion that does not teach that God is a mind`` ….. ….. God and the new Physics …. By Paul Davies
Isn’t that a profound statement? Who can refute it? Which religion will not accept it?
And it doesn’t contradict any part of `y`.
For those who have not yet read Erwin Schrodinger`s ``What is life and Mind and Matter``, I recommend they should read it. Perhaps It could change their life.
Consider Schrodinger’s concept pertaining to the unification of minds or consciousnesses. ``Their multiplicity is only apparent, in truth there is only one mind. Its just that consciousness is always in the singular``. Consider his appreciation of the doctrine of the Upanishads and the equation ``Atman = Brahman`` signifying that the personal self equals the omnipresent, all comprehending eternal self. Is it not the grandest of all thoughts?
Does not this omnipresence of the mind (called God) prove God and immortality at one stroke.?
All this may appear to be too farfetched to comprehend? But ... consider that our body contains trillions and trillions of cells, each one of which is a unit life in itself; its awareness is in the singular, but we in our consciousness – albeit in the singular - are possessed with the sum total of the awareness of all the cells.

(to be continued)
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SKSagar
Superconsciousness switched on the bigbang
03:50 AM on 09/22/2011
In the same way Brahman with his cosmic mind is conscious of the Universe as a whole – albeit in the singular – but possessed with the sum total of the consciousnesses of all the Atmans
And it does not contradict any part of `y`.
On the other hand a miracle performing physical God is impossible to imagine without violating `y`.
At first ,at the classical level how do we define a `Miracle`?
In my understanding If Newton`s laws are violated, we can say a miracle has been performed.
But has anyone seen Newton`s laws getting violated so far?
I guess not. He would have rushed to get a patent for his discovery, and there are no such pending patents of this category for consideration.

By all means we must follow the teachings of our great religious leaders including Christ. But there should be no requirement to believe that he rose from the dead, or walked on water.

It is impossible for the Creator God to be a physical function, made up of atoms and molecules, occupying time and space, sitting somewhere – say in the Andromeda galaxy - and creating living creatures, giving them a free will, keeping a comprehensive track of their deeds and then rewarding and punishing them accordingly. All this would be impossible without violating the laws of science created by the same creator ie Newton`s laws of motion (classical level) and Einstein`s special relativity and many other laws. Hence not compatible with `y`.

(to be
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JeffWayne
08:40 AM on 09/22/2011
But has anyone seen Newton`s laws getting violated so far?

Newtons laws are found to be in error in a relativistic system.
Newton's Laws of Motion while not really proved wrong, were shown to be not quite right either. For example in relativity or on the very small scale they don't hold.
Newton's laws are inappropriate for use at very high speeds.

It is not necessarily that we are breaking the laws of physics in these instances, it is more attributed to human error in understanding the laws of physics.

Further, there are unexplained phenomena that appears to break Newtons Laws of physics. One instance is in smashing subatomic particles where an extra quanta of energy as yet unexplained is released. Another is Quantum Entanglement as the property of two particles with a common origin where a measurement on one of the particles determines not only its quantum state but the quantum state of the other particle. There are other examples but these two will suffice for your question.

But what does this mean in regards to your statements or I should say Paul Davies statements (either way). Newton's Laws apply to the physical world, and sometimes they don't. But certainly they do not apply to the spiritual world or our concious. Do miracles happen, depends on your definition of miracle.
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Pradip Gangopadhyay
12:23 AM on 09/22/2011
I noticed some people here commenting on Hinduism without knowing about it. For example I noticed one person wanting to know how a Hindu can be an atheist. This person thinks that Hindus who are atheists suffer from cognitive dissonance. The very question suggests that the person is asking from the western point of view where a follower is asked to blindly believe in its scripture. The answer to the question is as follows: Hindus are not asked to believe blindly in their scripture. They are first asked to hear about it (sravana), think about it (manana) and then nidhidhyasana (meditate on it). They should accept the scripture only if they are convinced by personal experience. Otherwise Hindus are free to reject their scripture.

This immediately raises the issue of khyati (epistemology). How can one be certain about non-material things like Brahman, Atman? Is meditation enough? Hindus who are atheists differ from other Hindus on the question of epistemology. They believe that only way to know is pratakhsya (direct perception). Since Brahman, Atman etc are not observed through direct perception, they do not exist in the view of Hindu atheists.

Even Hindus who are not atheists agree that one should not blindly believe in scripture or any thing for that matter. I have given below some quotes regarding this view:

Sri Vacaspati Misra, another Advaita Vedanta philosopher, says, "Even one thousand scriptural statements cannot transform a jar into a piece of cloth".
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Saijanai
Micro bio? We don't need no stinkin' micro bio...
12:36 AM on 09/22/2011
What do YOU mean by "direct perception?"
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Pradip Gangopadhyay
01:26 AM on 09/22/2011
Vedanta darshana developed the idea of pramana (epistemological proof) to answer the objections to the Yogic experience. Historically, three basic pramanas have been accepted by various Vedantic groups (some groups accept more pramanas). These are (1) Pratakshya (direct perception), (2) Anumana (inference) and (3) Sabda Pramana
(Vedas). Pratakshya is sensory perception. Every minute of our waking life we
gather data through this means. Anumana allows us to deduce from indirect
evidence. Sabda Pramana is simply the Yogic experience obtained through
spiritual practice. Vedas are simply the most ancient spiritual experiential
data that is available to us.
06:51 AM on 09/22/2011
In my opinion, Hindu is such an artificial, appplied-after-the-fact kind of term, that one can only really say that Hinduism means "the beliefs of those east of the Indus." Which, of course, includes everyone, given that the earth is round (Kind of like "Don't feed mogwai after midnight." Every time is after midnight). My point is, Hinduism is a vastly diverse phenomenon, which does indeed include materialism and idealism, atheism and theism, worldliness and renunciation, etc. It is good of you to point this out to those who are unaware. I would go so far as to suggest that it makes more sense to speak of "Hinduisms" rather than Hinduism.