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Gary W. Small, M.D.

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Keep Walking to Stay Mentally Sharp

Posted: 01/03/2012 7:24 am

My wife's 103-year-old grandmother lived in a third floor walk-up apartment in New York City. Every day she walked up and down those stairs several times to go shopping, to the post office, the dry cleaner's and do other little errands. At 103, she was as sharp as a tack. She never forgot a birthday, an anniversary or a single holiday. And God forbid you forgot to send her a card or call her on her birthday -- you'd hear about it for ages. The exercise she got on those stairs and errands may not only have protected her heart so she could live past 100, it may also have protected her brain.

Walking is one of the safest and easiest ways to get an aerobic workout. How much walking or exercise each person needs depends on their baseline fitness level, age and other health factors. And getting short amounts of cardio workouts throughout the week is more effective than being a weekend warrior who only exercises on Saturday and Sunday.

In a study of more than 18,000 older women, Harvard researchers found that 90 minutes a week of brisk walking, or approximately 15 minutes a day, was all one needed to delay cognitive decline and reduce possible risk for future Alzheimer's disease. University of Pittsburgh scientists found that the more that older people walked, the better their cognitive abilities and the larger their brain. A larger brain is associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Many studies have demonstrated that a lower risk for Alzheimer's disease is associated with almost any form of physical activity, whether it's gardening, housework, swimming, or tennis. When sedentary people start a fitness program, their brains get larger in key memory regions like the frontal lobe and hippocampus.

Equally convincing evidence of the brain benefits of physical exercise comes from studies that have monitored volunteers in exercise programs and compared them to sedentary control groups. Dr. Arthur Kramer and colleagues at the University of Illinois recruited volunteers aged 58 to 77 years, and assigned them to either a walking group or a group that did stretching and toning. After six months, the walkers had increased blood flow in brain circuits controlling spatial ability and complex thinking, compared with the stretching and toning group. Although stretching and toning are important components of a comprehensive physical fitness program, Professor Kramer's findings demonstrate the added value of cardiovascular conditioning for maintaining brain health.

Aerobic conditioning may be improving our mental acuity in several ways. Exercise gets the heart pumping more blood to the brain, which appears to reverse cellular deterioration associated with aging. It also stimulates the growth of new synapses -- the connection sites between neurons -- and makes brain cells more responsive to external stimuli.

Gary Small, M.D., is director of UCLA's Longevity Center and co-author of The Alzheimer's Prevention Program: Keep Your Brain Healthy for the Rest of Your Life

 
 
 

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09:30 AM on 01/04/2012
Very nice article.
10:41 PM on 01/03/2012
sorry, I think it is a crapshoot. My father-in-law walked every day, did crossword puzzles, was in great health, took supplements, and could still wear the Navy uniform he wore in 1952.

Now, he has Alzheimer's, wants to go to bed at 6 p.m., won't keep his clothes on, and opens and closes the shades and curtains all day long. He's 82 and now his wife and my wife are looking at long-term care facilities for him.
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OllaBarabolla
09:54 PM on 01/03/2012
What I have noticed about older people who are in great shape, it takes one setback- & their lives are not the same. Older people do not heal as quickly & I will add as well as younger folk! Look at Jack Lalanne-healthy & active in his golden years- felled rather quickly by pneumonia!
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Gary W. Small, M.D.
Director, UCLA Longevity Center
10:57 PM on 01/06/2012
It is tricky as we get older to maintain a regular exercise program and avoid injury. Many geriatricians like the mantra, "start low and go slow," when they approach medication use. Perhaps the same should apply to frail older people.
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sibyl9
Cloaking Device Engaged
05:45 PM on 01/03/2012
Your wife's grandmother sounds amazing. My grandmother, nearing her 100's mark, is quite good at ballroom dancing. She been dancing all her life. Her legs, at this age, are in better shape than lots of women in their thirties.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Gary W. Small, M.D.
Director, UCLA Longevity Center
10:16 AM on 01/04/2012
Dancing is a tremendous brain and body exercise. It combines physical activity with emotional and sensory stimulation, social interaction, and motor coordination – what scientists would call an enriched environmental condition. Brain scans of experienced dancers show strengthened neural circuits in regions involved in motor control, as well as greater neuroplasticity in their brains compared with novice dancers.
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neighborhoodmole
no one really knows who anyone is here
02:31 PM on 01/03/2012
A friend of mine is 70 and has a pace maker. She claims her doctor told her not to push herself so now she cannot climb stairs or doing anything exerting. She is becoming practically handicapped as a result. Is she hearing what she wants to hear from her doctor, or is it true that she is not supposed to get any exercise anymore?
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Gary W. Small, M.D.
Director, UCLA Longevity Center
10:19 AM on 01/04/2012
Physical exercise at any age is one of the best ways to keep our brains and bodies healthy. It is always best to pace ourselves so we don't overdo it and with age, the risk for injury increases. We don't know exactly what your friend's doctor said, but I know that most doctors recommend exercise as a way to improve health and prevent disease.
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psandysdad
The older you get, the more excuses you have.
02:15 PM on 01/03/2012
I would also suggest keeping your mind sharp by learning new things. There's these things called 'books' that are just packed with information.
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GOODDOC1
"civil war" is an oxymoron
04:46 PM on 01/03/2012
Crossword puzzles are also good. Some people are physically disabled and can't exercise, but you can enlarge your vocablary with puzzles. My mother swore by them.
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farmerlady
Blonde, Democratic socialist, and unwilling expat
02:03 PM on 01/03/2012
Elderly people should not live in walk-up flats because of the risk of falling and breaking their hips or pelvis.

They need exercise, but they need to get it in other ways.
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shakylegs
01:09 PM on 01/03/2012
My sister, who is 73 years young now, still plays tennis. She is sharp both physically and mentally.

Think about it. Tennis: The ball comes back over the net at various speeds and angles, it curves down, hits the court surface, then curves upwards still at speed. The tennis player must assimilate all these elements, figure out where the ball will be, then use their legs to get the body in position to allow their arm to first swing back, then forward, and with the raquet head a foot longer than their reach, meet the oncoming ball, and drive it back across the court, and over the net, so that it drops within the court boundaries.

It might take a mathematician a year to calculate all the dynamics of this one simple action, yet the brain does it instantly, and is ready for when the ball returns two seconds later.

Exercise like this conditions the body and the brain.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Gary W. Small, M.D.
Director, UCLA Longevity Center
10:59 PM on 01/06/2012
Tennis is a wonderful sport that involves mental and physical challenges. My father was an avid tennis player who taught my sisters and me to play when we were very young, and we have enjoyed the sport over many years.
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Sleepers Awake
Google this: "Fighting for peace is like" ...
12:38 PM on 01/03/2012
Another thing about walking is that one has to carry his/her own weight. Going up stairs is hard on the joints when overweight.

Swimming and cycling (non-weight bearing) can provide aerobic exercise for those who have let themselves get out of shape and overweight, but the goal should be to lower body weight to allow walking.
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HTooley
polysci gone awry
09:14 PM on 01/03/2012
Swimming and cycling both work pretty good. I shattered my heel several years ago and when I asked my doctor about walking, he suggested that I ride a bike instead, which I do about 5 miles a day. It works. I would love to do more walking but my swelling foot says no.
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The Kamala Farang
Bad to the Bone
12:29 PM on 01/03/2012
25 minutes of swimming and a one hour walk daily. At 61 I'm a lean mean machine. My 30 year old beautiful girlfriend agrees.
02:22 PM on 01/03/2012
Cut off the money to her sugardaddy and see if she continues to agree. NOT
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Willow712
democratic socialst
09:53 AM on 01/03/2012
Whew, I made it under the wire. I have fibromyalgia and arthritis, and my only exercise is walking my little dog around the block (takes about 15 minutes, its a long block). I was not happy that I just can't exercise anymore and one walk around the block is all that I can manage. so if I do it almost every day.........I should be fine. I also do housework, shovel a bit of snow, and cook for myself, so I guess I'm okay.
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12:33 PM on 01/03/2012
keep an open mind and simply have a read here-
www.watercure2.org
09:20 AM on 01/03/2012
Its clear that walking,[or other commensurate exercise] losing weight and not smoking are the most systemic and cost effective ways to, on average, prevent or slow the onset of many health problems, coronary disease, and diabetes, for starters.

Perhaps an MD will flesh this out, here.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
09:18 AM on 01/03/2012
Everyone: Google "curcumin dementia" and read. Curcumin, the active ingredient in spice turmeric, prevents Alzheimer. I take a capsule daily, everyone should. It is also an anti-inflammatory, fixes my arthritic knuckle. __ For males: search "curcumin prostate cancer", it prevents that and likely other forms of cancer. Researchers wondered why regions of India had little of either, found it was those that eat yellow curry, the yellow being turmeric (also in yellow mustard). __ Take curcumin, you're making a big mistake if you don't.
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Sleepers Awake
Google this: "Fighting for peace is like" ...
12:47 PM on 01/03/2012
I recall a brief audio/print report about the benefits of curcumin from on old Living On Earth.Org. It's here: http://bit.ly/zUYZMP
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farmerlady
Blonde, Democratic socialist, and unwilling expat
02:05 PM on 01/03/2012
So where is the peer reviewed medical study which backs up these claims?

Link, please.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
09:13 AM on 01/03/2012
I will bet author's mother was thin, else she would not have made it to age 103. It's hard for overweight people to walk, so they don't. This is effect, not cause. The study did not factor out weight; I bet within same weight group, walking helps little if at all. __ Diet determines health and longevity. Dementia and all modern lifestyle diseases are caused by high insulin levels, caused by processed carbs with a high "glycine index": fries, chips, baked goods. All that modern processed food, that mother likely did not eat, and is causing the modern obesity epidemic.
03:55 PM on 01/03/2012
Read the article again. It was the authors wife's grandmother. I'm 75 and have been going to the gym 3 times a week for 2 years. I'm doing both cardio (walking 2-3 miles) weight training and stretching exercisies. My weight is about what it was in high school and I haven't felt better in years. And I do watch my diet but I don't go crazy about it.
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flacon
08:55 AM on 01/03/2012
I hope it's true. I walk 3.5 miles most every day (not today-too cold in south Florida) and enjoy it. I'm bored on a treadmill but I love to walk. I vary my route to keep it interesting. This week I turn 70 and still do the sunday Times crossword in ink. However, don't ask me to remember your name 10 minutes after meeting you.
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livingbettertherapy
Counselor, Therapist, Strategic Intervention
01:38 PM on 01/03/2012
I wouldn't worry. A lot of younger people have trouble remembering names one minute after meeting you. A good method is to ask the person to repeat their name and try to make a mental word association with their name or a facial feature.
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nikanj
free the fnords
08:46 PM on 01/03/2012
I am terrible at not only names, but faces.
I can meet someone and not recognize them, like five minutes later.
It turns out my maternal grandfather had the same problem.
There is even a word for it : "faceblind".
Kind of like colorblind, and apparently there is a genetic link.