It's not a surprise that Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer has fired COO Henrique de Castro. Yes, he was her first big hire. Yes, it is going to cost Yahoo! crazy amounts of money to pay him off. But he does not seem to have fit into the culture she's trying to build, and he certainly did not deliver the results he needed to deliver. That's two out of the three main reasons for executive onboarding failure, the third being that things change.
Let's back up. Forty percent of executives fail in their first 18 months. The vast majority of the roundabout, convoluted, euphemistic explanations we hear for those failures are subsets of poor fit, delivery, and adjustment. And whomever we're talking to almost always thinks the failure was someone else's fault. New executives blame the organization. Organizations blame the executives.
Are you kidding me?!
Executive onboarding failures are ridiculously expensive. De Castro is going to walk away with over $60 million. There's enough pain and enough blame to go around. So who's to blame for a poor fit, inadequate delivery, or not dealing with change?
Everybody.
Let's take them one by one.
Poor Fit
This is generally the excuse for a role misalignment, a personal failure, or poor relationships. It comes to light in such guises as:
"Did not fit in"
"The role turned out to be different than expected"
"Poor relationships with a key ally"
"Didn't like the job"
In de Castro's case, Business Insider suggests that he "wasn't equipped to deal with big agencies," is "very smart, but he has a difficult personality," was "not getting along" with Mayer, and was "fighting with all of Yahoo's top executives," and that "both his teams and his clients dislike him." In other words, there was a role misalignment, a personal failure and poor relationships up, across, and down.
Didn't Deliver
This is the number-one reason for failure. If people deliver but don't fit in, organizations find ways to adjust. If things change but people keep delivering, things end up OK in the end. While all roads lead to delivery failure, learning, role, and personal risks often play a big part. We hear things like:
"Didn't lose, just ran out of time" (for people quoting Lombardi)
"Job was too big for one person"
"Job required different strengths than expected"
De Castro was brought in to grow Yahoo!'s advertising revenue. While he was at Google, their display advertising revenue grew from nothing to billions of dollars. Not happening at Yahoo!. Instead, its display advertising revenue is down. De Castro did not deliver at Yahoo!. And, in retrospect, it's not clear that it was de Castro who built Google's display advertising. (Someone should have asked the Working Girl interview question to get clear on that.)
What's scary about this is how often the changes were in progress even before the new leader got there. Certainly situations do change. But often the division that got shut down had been planned to be shut down even as they were recruiting a new executive for the division. Often organizations are on a path to going out of business well before a new executive shows up.
De Castro is out not because things changed but because things didn't change quickly enough. He was supposed to be a driver of change, not a victim of it.
The Bottom Line
There will always be some people who just don't fit. There will always be some circumstances in which things won't get delivered. There will always be changes. That's not the issue. The issue is that there are far more instances of these things happening and derailing organizations and individuals than there should be -- more than there would be if people just paid attention to the basics of executive onboarding.
This blog post originally appeared on Forbes.com.