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Victim Blaming: An All-Too-Common Response to Sexual Assault

Posted: 04/23/11 12:02 AM ET

By now, most of us are familiar with the story of the 11-year-old girl who was raped by 19 young men. The story gets worse: this little girl, who was gang-raped, has become the target of victim blaming. A TV anchor quoted one of the rapists, who defended himself by saying, "She looked older than 11."

Then came a statement from the victim's father, who said, "She may look older than 11, but she still has the mind of a child."

It doesn't really matter what her father said, because he shouldn't have had to be on the defensive. I still cannot fathom how these men could even attempt to blame her, but I know that in reality, victim blaming is an all-too-common reaction in cases of sexual assault.

Many sexual assault victims who comment on my articles too often state that their family and friends do not support their admissions of rape, because they know their rapist. For some reason, people often invalidate rape victims because they find the fact that their rapist was an ex-partner, friend or family member unbelievable. They could not be more wrong.

Healing from sexual assault is very difficult, especially when your friends and family not only invalidate your claims but blame you for being raped. Victim blaming, however, is a huge part of our culture. I'm sure you've heard these all-too-classic lines, probably more than once:

  • "She was dressed provocatively."
  • "She had a bad reputation."
  • "She should have known better than to put herself in that situation."

Through speaking with many other victims of sexual assault, it has become evident that in general, experiencing a rape is something others often refuse to validate. This is especially true in the case of acquaintance rape, as well as being raped by an ex, a current partner or a family member. Many people are quick to scoff at these types of "rape" claims.

Why is it that people are often more apt to take up arms against the rape victim rather than the rapist? Is it because they have never experienced the pain and humiliation of sexual assault and therefore can't possibly understand how a rape could happen between a person and their partner, spouse, co-worker or relative? Perhaps they place the blame on the victim because they didn't fight back? This doesn't make it any less of a rape than if the victim had violently protested. It is hard for most people to imagine the fear that rape victims experience when they are isolated and then sexually assaulted. It is especially confusing when you are raped by someone you know and trusted. Acquaintance rape happens more often than you think.

It is time to put an end to the biggest rape myth of all time. The rape myth I am talking about is that of the scary monster in the alley, because that is what many people think of when they hear the term "rapist." Although there are many violent and random rapes that happen both inside and outside the home, the fact is that 84 percent of rapes are executed by someone the victim knows. In fact, according to the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy, "Most of the time a person is raped by someone they know, trust, or love."

The scary monster in the alley is a convenient myth because the truth is much scarier. Assuming a rape cannot possibly occur between friends, colleagues or family members is on par with how most children define the term "stranger." In elementary school, when we learned about stranger danger, our teacher tricked us by asking if a dangerous stranger always looks mean and scary.

"Of course they do!" We vigorously shook our little heads in unison.

Clearly anticipating this response, she told us we were wrong and reminded us that a dangerous stranger can look nice and even friendly. This is often the same for rapists.

For most people, it is generally hard to accept that a person they spent many Christmas dinners with, or someone who came to their Fourth of July picnics, had the capacity to commit one of the most heinous crimes known to humankind. It is a fact that most victims know their rapists, and the discomfort a person may experience when learning that a person they know has committed a rape is no reason to invalidate the victim.

If someone tells you they've been sexually assaulted, there are a few things you can do:

  1. Believe them. As the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy says, "Believe them. A person has very little to gain by making up a story about sexual assault."
  2. Encourage counseling. Tell them about RAINN, the Rape Abuse and Incest National Network, and direct them to their website, centers.rainn.org. The site provides telephone numbers for sexual assault hotlines and has a great search engine that locates rape crisis centers in your area.
  3. Take them to get medical attention. Ask the victim if they want to go to the hospital. If the assault recently occurred, it is important to immediately seek medical attention for several reasons.
  4. Seek out law enforcement. Ask them if they want to report their assault to the police. If they want to go, it is helpful if they have a friend to accompany them. If they don't want to go, be understanding.
  5. Lend an ear. Just listening to their story and being there is probably one of the best things you can do to help a friend or relative who has been sexually assaulted. Validation is indispensable, especially because many victims of sexual assault incorrectly blame themselves.

You can read the original post and other articles at HayleysComments.com.

 
 
 

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05:25 PM on 05/19/2011
I'm an adult male. I was attacked by one of my daughters friends. before I had a chance to talk with my wife about how to address the parent of the attacker I got a call from the police that I was the aggressor. I was interrogated by the police and found out that I was (falsely) accused of merely saying something inappropriate and the attacker had ADMITTED to the assault.

the detective involved told me it didn't matter that I was attacked. the DSS agent who came to talk to our family told me "it was irrelevant that I was attacked" this process took over 5 months which I spent my time crying and feeling abused by the system.
the attacker who got off without a punishment. I'm the victim of the attacker, police & DSS. the government that's supposed to protect me told me my life doesn't matter and was irrelevant. I'm having trouble finding the will to live. how can anyone live in a world where people can get off by blaming their victims?

I try hard every day just to be stable for my wife and kids who've been so supportive. I still cry everyday. being a victim of 3 different things is harder than just 1.
I don't feel like justice was done and I especially don't feel that either agent should keep their jobs, they are heartless monsters that will haunt my nightmares forever.

(their names are Detective Tracy A. Galis & DSS Agent
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02:57 PM on 04/27/2011
You can't always believe them since there are women who lie. The Duke accuser is one notable example

Another is the Hofstra girl who said she was gang raped and then revealed it was group sex she didn't want her BF to get upset about.
 
Blaming the victim is not correct but (1) first you have to see if there is a victim and (2) telling women steps they can take to try and better avoid assault is not blaming the victim but being smart. I would tell a person not to walk down the worst neigbhborhood at 2 am holding a thousand dollars in his hands. Similarly, there are steps women can take to reduce their chances of being assaulted. and should take. and many do take. Like say, not getting so drunk you can't function or defend yourself. Too many victims do this, as one example.
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Ed Baker
All Hail Big Mother
03:00 PM on 04/28/2011
There should be some penalties for women who make this allegation falsely. They make it hard on all the true victims of rape.

I think women should be able to walk down the street in their bra and panties if they want and not be raped.

On the drunken date rape thing - here is my question - if they are both drunk, why does the male go to prison?
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03:43 PM on 04/28/2011
They should. I should be able to walk in the South Bronx at 3 am wearing a 20 carat diamond ring. But i wouldn't recommend it.
03:27 AM on 04/26/2011
I find the posting by the man who refers to any discussion of rape as "male bashing" highly offensive. His misogynistic fake data and opinions are likewise offensive. No one has bashed any males or suggested doing violence to males --- indeed, it is males who bash, torture, murder and rape women and then call any criticism of male violence "male bashing." Give me a break from this patriarchal newspeak.

One in three American females is raped. Half of the rape victims are age 17 or under; and half of those are under the age of 12. The numbers lead to the inexorable conclusion that a lot of men prey on women and children. The reason rape continues to exist is because the so-called good men tolerate Rape Culture and are not serious about stopping the sexual abuse of women and children. So-called good men continue to consume the porn that perpetuates the myth that women want rape or bring it on themselves or lie about it.

Men believe that they have a right to sex and are willing to lie or hit or cause pain or use force to get it. Many men believe even that they have a right to buy women's bodies for sex.

There can never be real equality or ecstatic tenderness or intimacy between the sexes as long as there is rape. Rape means terror and women live in a constant state of terror and vulnerability to male violence.
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Hayley Rose Horzepa
Writer
05:14 PM on 04/26/2011
You make a lot of good points. I have run into men who became angry at my comments/ articles and argued that I leave out male victims, and that I am a feminist therefore I must be a man hater. While none of these accusations are true, women cannot help but take most of the focus when the subject of rape is discussed because they make up 90% of the victims. This is not to say that men aren't at risk as well, they are, but with a number as large as 90%, we have to ask ourselves why? Clearly rapists prey on women at astronomical rates, as a global society, what is it that makes these types of crimes acceptable? Is anyone standing up for these victims? Or are they too busy invalidating and blaming them.
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03:00 PM on 04/27/2011
I dont know many women who live in a "constant state of terror." If you do, and you live in america,  you probably need mental help
 
1/3 women are not raped. that is a false statistic.
 
and you constantly use the word "men" when you mean a minority of men. It would be like saying "women lie about being sexually assaulted" when it is some women.
06:04 PM on 04/25/2011
Over the weekend an acquaintance contacted several people in different circles of friends saying that she was raped at a party saturday night after we went home. She named the rapist and warned others against being alone with him or inviting him to any parties.

I was ready to lead the lynch mob but my friends shocked and infuriated me by asking questions instead of taking up pitchforks. They wanted to know if she was drinking, if she had done anything to lead the guy on. They wanted to call the guy and ask his side of the story, and even after he admitted over the phone that he KNEW the girl was passed out drunk he "wasnt' sure where things went wrong" because they fooled around earlier and she told him he would have to get a condom. Sorry, but when she passed out any previous implied consent is null and void... My friends, including the boyfriend, disagree wiht me. They say maybe she was just drunk enough to have forgotten she gave consent.

Having been assaulted at a young age, and taken advantage of in later years... I can find no forgiveness or excuse for the man... and I'm not so sure how I feel about my friends after this conversation. I'm especially not sure how I feel about the boyfriend's contributions.

My first instinct was to check on the girl, not ask what she did to invite it.
02:42 AM on 04/26/2011
Having sex with an unconscious person constitutes Rape in every state of the Union. Unconscious people are legally held incapable of giving consent to sex.

The comments of your friend and boyfriend indicate that they have completely bought into Rape Culture and Porn Culture and the ongoing domestic war on women.
09:40 AM on 04/26/2011
BF insisted that if I were the one making the claim he'd believe me without question, but couldn't explain why it mattered who the victim was.
06:30 PM on 04/23/2011
Thank you for this article. I write a daily blog on sexual slavery. (see Sleeping Beauty Slavery at Wordpress blogs.) I was hoping that you would add to this article that there is a difference between victim blaming and educating potential victims on how to avoid sexual assault. Right now, more than ever, we need to instigate every resource possible to make sure that our loved ones and ourselves do not fall victim to sexual predators. Let's not avoid the discussion of how to avoid rape by assuming that the victim can do nothing to prevent it ahead of time. This kind of education may reduce anxiety for youngsters who think they are sitting ducks for predators.

It is important to understand more about rapists. Do men only rape women who dress provocatively and wear makeup? Do men only rape women who are drunk or who flirt too much or otherwise ask for it? There are millions of children today that are depicted in child pornography being raped by adults -- did they all ask for it? Were they wearing makeup, dressed provocatively or otherwise asking for it? How can we protect children from their own parents who do this to them? These are discussions that need to be aired in public. Thanks for letting me share.
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Ed Baker
All Hail Big Mother
03:06 PM on 04/28/2011
All the "she dressed too sexy" stuff is complete bull. No matter if she is walking down the street nude - she has a complete right to her own body.
12:44 PM on 04/23/2011
America seems to be obsessed with rape, and crimes that affect women. They tend to ignore men and men's issues because they are not "sexy issue". Their is no epidemic of victim blaming but some people might do that because you can find a outliers in any population. If you look at statistics on victim blaming the majority of victim blamers are women. I don't think the rape issue should be another opportunity for bashing men in general. I think that is why men are hostile to "awareness" in the first place because too often it's about encouraging everyone to fear them since they are men. Victims should not be the focus of blame but not reporting the crime does perpetuate the cycle of victimization. Rapist tend to be serial offenders and women need to be made aware of that instead of good men being told rape is wrong as if they didn't know that already.

"When so many female respondents think that a person who is raped after willingly getting into bed with an assailant is responsible for the attack, and 23% of UK women (compared with 3% of men) are said to be sexually assaulted as adults" - The Guardian
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8515592.stm
08:51 PM on 04/23/2011
"If you look at statistics on victim blaming the majority of victim blamers are women. "

I wish people would stop doing this. If you've going to cite statistics, link to them. Otherwise it sounds like you made something up because it was convenient to whatever point you want to make. I have a hard time there is even such a thing as "statistics on victim blaming".
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jf12
Esta vez saldré como las otras y me escaparé.
09:33 PM on 04/23/2011
It looks like the linked article says those statistics.
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Ms NYC
Republicans for Voldemort
09:06 AM on 04/23/2011
I have to admit the last line of number 4 would be hard for me. If I thought someone was rapped and they didn't want to report it, even though I can't imagaine how awful they might feel, I'd really push for them to report it. I wouldn't want it to happen to anyone else and wouldn't it help you feel less like a victim if you stood up for yourself? I haven't been through it so it's easy for me to say.
08:48 AM on 04/23/2011
How do you deal with being raped by a man you were dating who happens to be a very well known athlete in the city you both live in and is thought of as a legend and everyone thinks he is the greatest thing ever. I live in fear of running into him when I go anywhere. I don't know what to do, but I have been told I am not the first person he has done this to but I have no proof.
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Hayley Rose Horzepa
Writer
06:32 PM on 04/23/2011
Hi Christy,

I highly suggest you find a counseling center in your area and call one a rape counseling hotlines. It helps to talk to someone directly because they can help you decide the best course of action. Check out this link (also listed in the article above)

http://centers.rainn.org/

I wish you the best on your healing journey,

Hayley
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french queen13
my beloved is mine and I am his
06:12 AM on 04/23/2011
The essence of the blaming is "you're female". And yes, I know men get raped, but the vast majority of victims are women and girls.
recless
Evidence first. Believe later. Maybe.
05:08 AM on 04/23/2011
As someone who is an acquaintance of a man who was falsely imprisoned for rape for several years (cleared by DNA), I get a little nervous about that first one. The law cannot ever accept a report of crime blindly. Obviously it should be investigated to the highest levels of modern investigation (which is really the scientific method applied to crime). But no claim can ever be accepted at face value without corroboration. Doing so walks straight into the irrational. I mean, should I believe I was abducted by aliens because last night's dream seemed really, really real? The believability of an accuser is all too often a subjective determination, not an objective one.

This article misses one of the tactical issues with rape. Most rapes are not stranger rapes and many are he-said, she-said. How do we devise a better legal system to deal with those issues?

I also wonder: Should someone accused of rape (but was found not-guilty) be somehow blacklisted or something by society? Who then decides what is a credible accusation?
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Ed Baker
All Hail Big Mother
03:10 PM on 04/28/2011
There should be more consequences for false accusers. For instance the abuse of TRO's in divorce cases - it's been used as a tactical weapon against men. The accusations of sexual harassment as well are used by employees who are fired.... The accusation of rape is hard for men to defend themselves against. One is guilty until proven innocent.
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
12:07 AM on 04/23/2011
Been there, endured that. I finally came to realize that the reason people are so apt to blame the victim is cowardice. Rape is terrifying, and acknowledging that the victim is blameless, means facing the reality that the victim suffered bad luck. Bad luck can happen to anyone, even--gasp--me! It has to be the victim's fault, because that way I can protect myself by being better than she! It is her fault and I would never do (fill in the blank), so I am safe.
Of course, reality doesn't work that way.
Victims often blame themselves, and for the same reason. Bad luck, like lightning, really can strike more than once. Some people can't live with the terror--it is easier to blame themselves.
But, once again, reality doen't work this way.
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Ms NYC
Republicans for Voldemort
09:14 AM on 04/23/2011
That makes a lot of sense. People don't want to believe it can happen to them. On 60 minutes this week there was a story of a college girl who was rapped by three students (they were found guilty by the college and 2 of them were suspended and are back at school already. One was expelled and is already attending another college.) (They are basketball players and all are playing.) One of them said she was flirting with him. She was also drinking that night. In my opinion NONE OF THAT IS RELEVENT. (I know I screamed.) I don't care if she was fall down drunk in a short skirt... No means No! What kind of man wants someone who doesn't want him. Not a man at all I'm guessing.
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Ed Baker
All Hail Big Mother
03:11 PM on 04/28/2011
You hit the nail on the head - people don't want to believe it can happen to them. So blaming the victim is their coping mechanism.
11:32 PM on 04/22/2011
Excellent essay, Hayley...unfortunately I know about victim blaming first hand...I am really proud of you for talking about it on Huff Po...
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Hayley Rose Horzepa
Writer
12:01 AM on 04/23/2011
Thanks Robin! I'm sorry you were on the receiving end of this, no one deserves to experience a trauma and then be blamed for it. I hope that you are doing well and are healing from these experiences.