iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Heidi Grant Halvorson, Ph.D.

GET UPDATES FROM Heidi Grant Halvorson, Ph.D.
 

How to Be an Optimist Without Being a Fool

Posted: 05/07/11 11:41 AM ET

There are quite a number of motivational speakers and self-improvement books out there with a surprisingly simple message: believe that success will come easily to you and it will. There is one small problem with this argument, however, which unfortunately doesn't seem to stop anyone from making it: it is utterly false.

In fact, not only is visualizing "effortless success" unhelpful, it is disastrous. This is good advice to give only if you are trying to sabotage the recipient. It is a recipe for failure. And no, I'm not overstating it.

But how can this be? Isn't optimism a good thing? Yes it is. Optimism and the confidence it creates are essential for creating and sustaining the motivation you need to reach your goals. Albert Bandura, one of the founding fathers of scientific psychology, discovered decades ago that perhaps the best predictor of an individual's success is whether or not they believe they will succeed. Thousands and thousands of experiments later, he has yet to be proven wrong.

But there is an important caveat: to be successful, you need to understand the very vital difference between believing you will succeed, and believing you will succeed easily. Put another way, it's the difference between being a realistic optimist and an unrealistic optimist.

Realistic optimists (the kind Bandura was talking about) believe that they will succeed, but they also believe they have to make success happen, through things like effort, careful planning, persistence and choosing the right strategies. They recognize the need for giving serious thought to how they will deal with obstacles. This preparation only increases their confidence in their own ability to get things done.

Unrealistic optimists, on the other hand, believe that success will happen to them -- that the universe will reward them for all their positive thinking, or that somehow they will be transformed overnight into the kind of person for whom obstacles cease to exist (forgetting that even Superman had Kryptonite... and a secret identity that took a lot of trouble to maintain... and also relationship issues).

One of the clearest illustrations of the dangers of unrealistic optimism comes from a study of weight loss. Psychologist Gabriele Oettingen asked a group of obese women who had enrolled in a weight-loss program how likely they felt they were to reach their goals. She found that those women who were confident that they would succeed lost 26 pounds more than self-doubters, as expected.

But Oettingen also asked the women to tell her what they imagined their road to success would be like -- if they thought they would have a hard time resisting temptation, or if they'd have no problem turning down free doughnuts in the conference room and a second trip to the all-you-can-eat buffet. The results were astounding: women who believed they would succeed easily lost 24 pounds less than those who thought their weight-loss journey would be no walk in the park.

She has found the same pattern of results in studies of students looking for high-paying jobs after college, singles looking to find lasting love, and seniors recovering from hip replacement surgery. Realistic optimists send out more job applications, find the courage to approach potential romantic partners, and work harder on their rehabilitation exercises -- in each case, leading to much higher success rates.

Believing that the road to success will be rocky leads to greater success, because it forces you to take action. People who are confident that they will succeed, and equally confident that success won't come easily, put in more effort, plan how to deal with problems before they arise and persist longer in the face of difficulty.

Unrealistic optimists are only too happy to tell you that you are "being negative" when you dare to express concerns, harbor reservations or dwell too long on obstacles that stand in the way of your goal. In truth, this kind of thinking is a necessary step in any successful endeavor, and it is not at all antithetical to confident optimism. Focusing only on what we want, to the exclusion of everything else, is just the kind of naïve and reckless thinking that has landed industry leaders (and at times entire industries) in hot water.

Cultivate your realistic optimism by combining a positive attitude with an honest assessment of the challenges that await you. Don't visualize success: visualize the steps you will take in order to make success happen.

 
 
 

Follow Heidi Grant Halvorson, Ph.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/hghalvorson

There are quite a number of motivational speakers and self-improvement books out there with a surprisingly simple message: believe that success will come easily to you and it will. There is one smal...
There are quite a number of motivational speakers and self-improvement books out there with a surprisingly simple message: believe that success will come easily to you and it will. There is one smal...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 100
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4  Next ›  Last »  (4 total)
02:06 AM on 06/15/2011
I just found this - glad you cited these particular items - I wish people would talk more about self-efficacy, the perception you will be able to achieve a goal - including a realistic assessment of the steps you'll take to meet that goal - rather than optimism or even self- esteem. It doesn't mean that you're not optimistic, it just means that in addition to faith in yourself or whatever, you've also given thought to how you'll meet that goal. And I'm glad you cited Oettigen's study - it's a great example.
08:57 AM on 05/10/2011
Ecclesiastes 9:11 I again saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift and the battle is not to the warriors, and neither is bread to the wise nor wealth to the discerning nor favor to men of ability ; for time and chance overtake them all.

serendipity
n. pl. ser·en·dip·i·ties
1. The faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident.
2. The fact or occurrence of such discoveries.

This is a good article, however -
Sometimes I wish somebody,somewhere would do a SERIOUS, OBJCTIVE study on LUCK - without all the blaming-the-victim attitude. How many people have you heard someone say, "...I'm so lucky, I'm so blessed..."
LUCK always seems to be the topic everybody dodges around and leaves behind like teamed veggies.

One person says "...at first you don't succeed, try try again." (or some version of that) And Dr, So-and-so says the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expcting different results.
05:37 PM on 05/09/2011
Boyfriend is an unrealistic optopmist... I'm a pessimist... Its caused more than a few shouting matches. He hates that I'm negative about everything when I'm just trying to make him realistic. Our problems won't go away just because he says everything will be okay... It takes a bit of effort on our part to fix problems, especially the financial ones.

Though it'd be great if his optomisim would cause an unexpected magical windfall of cash, I prefer to actually look for alternatives... part time evening job, overtime, spare cash opportunities...
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Widespread Panic
To the bang bang boogie, say up jump the boogie
06:33 PM on 05/12/2011
This is exactly me and my boyfriend. He is an unrealistic optimist. He believes positive thinking will solve most, if not all problems. It does cause us to have major disagreements at times cause we have different views on how issues/problems can be fixed. I wish it was that easy, else I'd be living the sweet life, fully employed, making enough money to do what I want. I must say that everything HAS worked out for him, even with multiple bouts of unemployment, he has finally landed his dream job. But I tell him most of that came from knowing the right people, networking, and the fact he aggressively sought out the position. His optimism got him thru the door.

Anyway, I understand your pain since I'm a pessimist (trying to become a realistic optimist). :)
photo
EC Stewart
CREATIVEGoddess
11:25 AM on 05/09/2011
Thank you for this! I love this statement, "Unrealistic optimists, on the other hand, believe that success will happen to them --that the universe will reward them for all their positive thinking"

Such a great reality-based article in today's environment. I can't tell you how many times I've heard that pithy statement, "Just think positively." Ugh! It doesn't bloody work that way.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Widespread Panic
To the bang bang boogie, say up jump the boogie
06:34 PM on 05/12/2011
It doesn't work that way. At one time I used to think positively all the time and things never worked out. Decided that I needed to be more realistic in my expectations and thoughts, and it has made dealing with life much easier.
photo
darter22
Very funny, Scotty. Now beam down my clothes.
08:05 AM on 05/09/2011
This article was so timely for me because I have been trying instill a sense of realistic optimism in my 20-something sons. Learn from the past, plan for the future, and live in the present. Thanks.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
hmessex
Okay
12:16 PM on 05/08/2011
Just got out of a relationship with a unrealistic optimist. When I would want to talk about planning our future together he had the, whatever happens happens approach to life. Apparently life planning is a downer because all of a sudden I'm the negative one!

Reality works for me.
05:39 PM on 05/09/2011
I'm the downer for wanting to sit down and work out our problems or figure out how to come up with desperately needed spare cash... Apparently "It'll work out" is the correct decision to make, rather than discussing the fact that we want completely different things from life, we're drowning in debt, and his mother goes out of her way to exclude me from every conversation during the dinners he forces me to attend.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TheBlondeRaven
05:47 PM on 05/09/2011
A wise person once told me: Failing to plan is planning to fail.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
JustV
Drink chocolate milk, its like dessert in a glass.
11:17 AM on 05/08/2011
Awesome. I love the thinking behind this, and the ideas it brings up.

Have recently had some friction with an uber-positive relative who has joined a multi-level marketing organization in which they all parrot the same script and talk like automatons. When I gently raised a valid concern, I was told "I will not let your negativity keep me from being successful."

It brought up many many questions for me, regarding "false positivity" and when the insistence on "staying positive" turns into plain old avoidance and denial.

...I wonder if she's driving her "free" car yet? :)
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Social Construct
Go left, young man.
10:51 AM on 05/08/2011
Good article. Unlike most of the optimism/pessimism self-help pros I've read on this blog, this author accurately assesses what "positive" and "negative" are in relation to the concept of optimism. Most other authors relate positive to the attitudes of followers, high praise, and uncritical believers in their particular branding of what optimism is. Accordingly, they also label people making critical arguments of the author's views as negative or pessimistic. Ask most people that have achieved success at one thing or the other and I'd be willing to bet that their achievements were preceded by more failures or setbacks than they would have cared to endure. One last thing, on a purely anecdotal and personal belief; a bit of luck, no matter how much one is prepared and motivated, never hurts, either.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Widespread Panic
To the bang bang boogie, say up jump the boogie
06:40 PM on 05/12/2011
I totally agree with that last point. I've said it so many times, but the unrealistic optimists never agree with me on that point. Thank you for being one of the few people that believes luck can make a difference.
10:36 AM on 05/08/2011
Finally, an article that addresses those who just tell you all you have to do is put out positive thoughts, or pray for what you want, and everything you want will just magically drop into your lap. I agree that optimism and knowing what you want is something positive you can do for yourself. But visualizing the obstacles and preparing for them ahead of time, like the unexpected questions in an interview, or what will you do if you can't secure a job (especially as an older American) are also beneficial. Those of us involved in this job crisis, who have exhausted our benefits while having sought employment 7 days a week, only to be turned down for jobs for which 100-200 applicants applied, can continue to be optimistic that they will secure employment, or that they will even get a response from one of their applications, but must continue to plug away and do the concrete things that need to be done to secure a job, not just put our positive thoughts out there into the universe in the hopes that alone is going to be successful. I join another poster who repeats what I say, 'hope for the best and prepare for the worst.' And as one of the millions of unemployed in this country, unfortunately, the worst is all too prevalent.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
JustV
Drink chocolate milk, its like dessert in a glass.
11:43 AM on 05/08/2011
Im right there with you, Sharon.
All I can say is to hang in there and never never never give up (which, yes, I have to remind myself sometimes.)

Peace.
04:50 PM on 05/08/2011
Thanks for the positivity!! So often on these sites we are villified as if we were somehow the enemy and responsible for what has happened to us, instead of the real situation, which is that we lost our jobs through no fault of our own in a time when the job market cannot possibly support all those in need of work. I've worked all of my life and never had a problem finding work, and have found this situation to be a shock, and quite humbling. One can't give up looking for work, especially when you're your only support, but sometimes it is really hard to hang in there. If you, too, are out there in today's crowded job market, I wish you the best, and maybe tomorrow will be THE day.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
PublicCitizen21044
The truth will set you free!
10:09 AM on 05/08/2011
Cultivate your realistic optimism by combining a positive attitude with an honest assessment of the challenges that await you. Don't visualize success: visualize the steps you will take in order to make success happen.

I loved this article and I am sending to some of my perceived "overly optimistic" friends.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
08:39 AM on 05/08/2011
Wow, that was the best article of read on optimism. I have real challenges communicating with the unrealistic optimists. They always seem to be in denial.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ken derow
07:54 AM on 05/08/2011
It is not too easy for the middle class to be optimistic as they are under great stress, and, have virtually gained no financial ground over the past 20 years, as the rich and super-rich's share of our national wealth is like a pac-man avatar gobbling up all the money and wealth in the country. Not because they are so much smarter and more industrious than the rest of us, it is more because the playing field is titled so far in their favor as to have the rest of us on a virtual 90-degree treadmill, just running faster and faster to simply not fall off the playing field. Is it pessimistic to be incensed at the immorality of these super-rich folk, no, I don't think so. They have played the system, and, the system has played us. They have pushed the limits of ethical behavior with a demeanor that if others are doing it, it must be okay. Well it is not okay, and, it is not justified. There are many right, righteous and hard-working rich folk that made their money the hard way, but, many others took unfair advantage of a lax, and weak, board of directors, a failed federal regulatory environment, and, an attitude that "greed is good." Let us hope that a new age of corporate governance and individual responsibilty is dawning, and, maybe an optimistic attitude will return to the middle class.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ken derow
07:11 AM on 05/08/2011
If you want to make things happen for the better in your life, and, immmeasurably improve your life, being a realistic optimist is a good state of mind to have, but, there is a better, more powerful way to empower yourself and, those you care for,and, care about. This other way is an avenue available to us all, it is not hard to implement, it has no negatives, no downsides, no unintended consequences, it only brings good things to life. No, it is not a magic potion, although it does possesss some magical qualities, it is the creation and transference of COMPASSION. Yes, creating compassion, is an unmitigated good and powerful thing to do, and, to send it those who love and care for. Compassion is the wellspring from which flows better health, better well-being, better self-esteem, and, even better longevity.

People who are more compassionate have better, more joyful, more satisfying lives, filled with a positive vibrancy that crowds out the negative and supplants negative impulses like the violence we may feel towards oursleves, or,towards others with care and concern. A life filled with compassion is a better life, and, more compassion will serendipitiously create a better society in this country, and, a better world for all of us to live in.
07:40 AM on 05/08/2011
A country that does water torture, compassion is for all, it can not be selective.
photo
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
JustV
Drink chocolate milk, its like dessert in a glass.
11:24 AM on 05/08/2011
There are many compassionate people in said country who absolutely oppose torture...
unfortunately, that does not extend to all of our leadership.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
hootie1fan
A liberal, educated, Catholic Yankee living in AL
05:23 AM on 05/08/2011
I am confident that i will suceed in applying for another job this week. As to whether, I'll get a response from anyone willing to pay a living wage to someone with a good college degree and years of experience is another matter
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dogma
A sense of humor is no laughing matter.
03:35 AM on 05/08/2011
Even though I mostly agree, what you're referring to is not Visualization, but Intention. Visualization
is merely preparing for an event, such as a game or business meeting, by running through it in your mind's eye so that (supposedly) you are more psychologically prepared for a successful outcome.

Intention, which I think is what you are referring to, is the practice whereby you focus your awareness on the goals you want to accomplish in life and the goals will (supposedly) come to fruition because like attracts like.