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Street Harassment: A Real Problem that Requires Legal Regulation

Posted: 03/12/10 04:43 PM ET

Do you remember when it was legal for a man to make sexually explicit or sexist remarks to a woman at work? I don't. While sexual harassment in the workplace still happens, it became illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 19 years before I was born.

Do you remember when it was legal for a man to make sexually explicit or sexist remarks to a woman on the street or at a bus stop? I do. Sexual harassment in public is legal. But it shouldn't be.

Sexual harassment in public, often called street harassment, is a real problem that requires legal regulation. It ranges from legal acts like leering, whistling, honking, sexual comments, sexist comments, and following, to illegal acts like groping, public masturbation, and assault. While some might argue that street harassment isn't a common occurrence, in actuality, most American women have experienced it in some form. In an Indiana University , Indianapolis , study conducted in the early 1990s, 100 percent of the 293 women interviewed could cite multiple incidents of street harassment. Similarly, 100 percent of the 54 women interviewed in the California Bay Area in the early 2000s for a Northwestern University study had been the target of offensive or sexually suggestive remarks on multiple occasions. In 2007, the Manhattan Borough President's Office surveyed 1,790 transit riders in New York City and found that 63 percent had been sexually harassed on the subway.

Adding to the limited research on the topic are hundreds of street harassment stories women share on blogs like HollaBack NYC and Stop Street Harassment. And I bet if you ask, most women you know will be able to cite at least a few times they have been harassed.

The threat or experience of street harassment, often combined with a socialization to be fearful of male-perpetrated sexual assault in public, means women tend to be more wary of public places than men. The resulting impact on their lives is stunning, as I found when I informally surveyed more than 800 women from 23 countries in 2008 for a forthcoming book. Sixty percent of women said they "always" constantly assess their surroundings. Eighty percent said that at least some times they avoid being in public alone. Eighteen percent said actual or feared interactions with strangers impacted their decision to move from their neighborhood. The more often a woman reported being harassed -- or if a man had assaulted her -- the more likely it was that she practiced several strategies that restricted her freedom.

Women will never achieve equality with men until they have equal access to public places and the resources and opportunities they hold. And it seems women never will have equal access to public places until men stop harassing and assaulting them there.

What can we do?

I suggest we look to Egypt for guidance. In January, groundbreaking legislation banning sexual harassment at work, in public, online, and through mobile devices was introduced in the Egyptian Parliament. Last month the legislation moved to Parliament's legislative affairs committee. The pending legislation is indicative of an important cultural shift occurring in Egypt that I'd like to see happen in the United States .

The shift started in earnest in 2008, when the Egyptian Centre for Women's Rights (ECWR) surveyed over 2,000 women and men throughout Egypt about public sexual harassment. Their findings were not dissimilar from studies conducted in the United States . More than 83 percent of women said men had harassed them in public and more than 60 percent of men readily admitted to harassing women.

The report and related efforts of the ECWR has propelled change across Egypt since 2008. Women's enrollment in self-defense classes shot up. Women began using an audio blogging station, Banat wa Bas, to share their harassment stories and vent their frustrations. Kelmetna, a magazine for youth, launched a campaign called "Respect yourself: Egypt still has real men" with weekly seminars, self defense classes, and street concerts. There are more than 53,000 members of their Facebook group.

And now, under pressure from activists, it is likely the Egyptian government will pass legislation making sexual harassment in public illegal.

The United States needs a similar cultural shift regarding street harassment. Street harassment is not a joke about construction workers; it is a problem that touches every woman's life at some level and prevents women on a whole from achieving equality. More research needs to be conducted to better track its prevalence and to uncover the root causes, and in the meantime, let's make it illegal. While laws do not solve problems, they can help change social attitudes, deter the undesired behavior, and provide affected persons with options for recourse.

You and I remember when sexual harassment in public was legal, but I hope the next generation will not.

 
 
 
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04:13 AM on 03/16/2010
I think this is a cultural problem. I never had a problem growing up with being intimidated by men, people would just smile at each other and say hello. A huge amount of immigrants have moved into my country over the last ten years and I've learnt from many experiences that if a man looks remotely foreign I know to avoid eye contact and keep a poker face. Any hint of friendliness or niceness will be misconstrued as a sexual invitation and followed with aggressive stalking. Not that that stops some people from approaching in an offensive manner anyway.

I have nothing but contempt for 'men' who think that they can behave as though the entire country is an open brothel. It is extremely offensive and can be very threatening for lone females. It is also repulsive and highlights your zero charm and non existent social skills. I don't think such men have any notion of how they are perceived. They need the law to tell them their creepy because they are.
05:54 PM on 03/15/2010
These comments are interesting and somewhat short sighted. I took my 20 year old neice out with her friends to the mall last week. We walked into a big box store and two young men said something to get them to turn around. Then they laughed at them saying "you look scared; what are you scared of?" Is that ok? I didn't think so and interceded and asked why did they think that was funny? If you want to get their attention, what's wrong with "excuse me" or "hello?"

So often the aggression is what makes people uncomfortable. By the way my neice and her friends had on sweatpants and hoodies from their universities, so let's not go there.
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RedDogBear
07:59 PM on 03/15/2010
The thing is these guys sound like punks who would have no idea what to say to your niece and her friend. The most they can hope for is to get noticed and then have them move on. That was probably the closest they got to a real interaction with a woman the whole month.

Clearly that kind of behavior is stupid and ugly and wrong. Do you really want to get the law involved though?
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quindy
If repubs don't drive you crazy you are not normal
05:21 PM on 03/15/2010
Give it few more years and nobody will ever harass you again. However, while young, good looking and harassed I suggest you grow a backbone. I was young and living in a country that didn't have any protection against sexual harassment, but I learned to defend myself (I even smacked a guy twice my size when he became obnoxious). Laws and regulations are fine, but nobody will protect you like you will do yourself. Don't ever cross the street if there is a group of idiots trying to bother you. Go straight through them and ignore them. It works very well. Also, have some good remarks ready if they dare say something to you. Imagine the situation and find a really good answer. It's easy because these guys are not really smart and you can always be smarter.
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RedDogBear
05:19 PM on 03/15/2010
The idea of having a law that can put men in jail or fine them or whatever simply for looking at a woman is ridiculous. Its the kind of absurdity that people use to caricaturize the worst of the feminist movement. I'm all for feminism but there are plenty of serious issues that still need to be addressed: battered women, workplace equality, etc. Trying to get the police involved in something like this would be red meat for all the women hating right wing commentators like Limbaugh. Just look at all the moronic comments on this article.
12:55 AM on 03/21/2010
I don't think the idea of a law against it is ridiculous. Today, I was arrested and nearly thrown in jail for defending myself against a harasser who was follwoing me - dangerously - side by side while driving in my car while calling me the B word, etc for not being open to his advances. I defended myself and the cops arrest me since there is no law against street harassment, but there is a law against defending myself the way I did (if you are curious, I used pepper spray.) The reason why I am saying this is because of our society, the misogynist mentaliy, YOUR mentality, there needs to be a law in place to protect women who have been in predicaments like myself agaisnt this type of behavior since these attitudes are so deeply embedded in our society. As a matter of fact, the cop said to me, "All of this could have been averted had I gone another way." According to the cop, I am a woman; thus I should deal with it. Thus, a man can cuss me out, but, as the cop noted, had I cussed the guy back, I would have been considered the aggressor and, all because I am a woman, a piece of you know what in their eyes, I should of just dealt with it ---- but not fight back. Here is what you are missing. It is not about an advance, It is about respect.
12:56 AM on 03/21/2010
If someone doesn't want you, back off. If a lady or guy doesn't like you, leave them alone. Respect their boundaries. As the old motto goes, "No means no." Would you want someone doing something agaisnt YOUR will if it made you uncomfortable? Just one of those things....
04:40 PM on 03/15/2010
I am shocked at how many commenters think it's OK to harass women. Wow. What if someone treated your mom/sister/wife or even you like that?
01:34 PM on 03/15/2010
"...it reminds women on some level that they are vulnerable to sexual violence by men and that they live in a society where they can legally be treated like a commodity to ogle."
Note to self - never acknowledge a woman in public. Don't even help her if she is in dire circumstances because I would risk commoditizing her through sexual objectification. But I'm still confused... are women strong and independent or are they victims of objectification? I keep getting some seriously mixed messages here.
04:06 PM on 03/15/2010
Are you being serious? There is a HUGE difference between offering to help someone, saying hello, and commenting on the weather and treating someone like a sex object. If you don't know the difference then yes, maybe you should not interact with women in public. (sarcasm) And I don't think you're confused at all, you're just trying to pick a fight.
05:51 AM on 03/16/2010
Except that Harassment/ Unwelcome advances are in the eye of the Harassed. Depending on any number of things about Zammo, he could be called a harasser just for approaching in a non-threatening way.

The 90% of women leered at have probably been given a long look and a wink at by plenty of men that they felt perfectly fine with, either because of their mood, or any number of factors about the man himself. I'm even sort of skeptical of that sort of thing in the workplace but at least their your purpose is to work not flirt.

Zammo probably has the right idea, despite the satire. I recall a recent release of a man from jail, falsely accused of rape by a woman who he SAVED from actually being raped by some thugs. Contrast this with another recent story about a Woman who was raped in a NY subway while Ticket Booth attendees called the cops but did nothing else to help (and how incredibly hurt she was by their refusal to save her).

All these proposed laws would really do is drive more of a wedge into the interactions between the sexes and further us on a road to a police state. Stopping sexual assault I'm all for. Arrested for admiring from a distance? Jesus.
12:52 PM on 03/15/2010
You American women have it so tough with men actually leering at you. So much more tough than those Turkish women who get buried alive for flirting with a boy or women in the middle east who get acid thrown in their face or burned alive or honor killed.

Nope American women have to deal with someone actually noticing their buttocks high micro mini skirt and cleavage out like trophies.

But American women deserve better. Why can't only the Hugh Jackmans of the world pay attention to them.
04:08 PM on 03/15/2010
Yes, there are far more serious problems than being whistled at abroad and in the US but guess what they are all connected. They are all evidence of men disrespecting women. Also, 75% of the 811 women I surveyed had been followed by a strange man in public. Over 50% had been sexually touched. I'm not talking about a trivial issue. Did you even read the article? This impacts women's lives and keeps them from having the same freedom in public as men.
12:59 AM on 03/21/2010
So this is about your own perceived inadequacies with women....you can't attract a nice lady, the woman of your dreams, the woman you desire, so you have to sexually harass her until you get the right answer...talk about the rape mentality! There is no understanding their mentality. it just is what it is and we have to expunge it!
12:36 PM on 03/15/2010
Do you remember when women were considered liberated and able to take care of themselves? I do: I am a liberated woman. The idea that I can be harmed by some guys whistling at me from a construction site or making some comment on a street corner or in the workplace is laughable.
What is not laughable to me is the way feminists erode women’s self-confidence, creating fear and terror where no cause exists. What you are doing is far more harmful to women than anything a man might say or do. You and your ilk are telling women that they are too weak, too powerless, too stupid, and too emotional to care of themselves; therefore the feminist machine and the matriarchy must take care of them.
Your goal is to repress women, send women back to the Victorian age when they went from a father’s care to a husband’s care with no independence of thought or action while you replace fathers and husbands with the matriarchy.
Well, here’s some news for you: I’m intelligent and powerful enough to take care of myself without your so-called help. Don’t you dare tell me that I need some damn feminist legislation to be able to deal with a wisecrack on the street. I AM NOT A VICTIM! I am a victor in control of my life and my destiny. The only help I need from the feminists and the sexism industry is to stay the hell out of my way.
12:54 PM on 03/15/2010
Its skirts, not shirts that hold women back.
01:01 PM on 03/15/2010
I'm glad that street harassment does not negatively impact your life and that you do not feel like a victim, but for MOST WOMEN at some point it does negatively impact them. In my book on street harassment, I have four chapters on what we can do about it. One chapter focuses on empowering women to deal with it day to day. This is important because many girls and women are told to ignore it and so then try to avoid it because they don't know how to deal with it. By trying to avoid it, they end up not going out at night or alone etc. And this negatively impacts their lives. I'm glad you are empowered and know how to deal with it. I hope you talk to women you know about how to be empowered.

A law is far from my only suggestion and it is not The suggestion. But I think that women who are harassed a lot or severely should have legal recourse if they need it. We all have that right in the workplace.

I do not want to go back to the Victorian era. I want men to stop harassing women so we can be in public safely and freely. I want us to have equality to public spaces. We need men to stop harassing women. But they aren't and one reason why they may argue they don't have to is that they aren't doing anything illegal...
01:28 PM on 03/15/2010
Kearl. Have you thought that what you do with these articles is to perpetuate a patriarchy. That you continue to maintain a cheerleader/football player dichotomy in which you appeal to men to "protect you". That you are the helpless damsel that requires men to step forth and protect you.

Sorry but those days are over with. You're strong willed, empowered and certainly don't need men to protect you. Stop with the appeals for chivalry. You chucked us men to the curb, stab our service men in the back for freeing women in Afghanistan and then you expect us to treat you like Chinese royalty?

BTW watch how women treat men. Women intentionally are cold, short, mean, nagging and indifferent to "keep the nerds away" so you're as bad or worse. American women have only two things to say to men: you either ignore us or verbally beat us like we're dumb pack animals.
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Mister Biggles
03:43 PM on 03/15/2010
I think the terms and descriptions are vague here, lacking concrete examples...

Example- Year ago I worked in a retail sales job. We wouldn't get many, but when an attractive women would come into the store, there was a coded word used to let the other guys know to take a look. Making varying degrees of effort to be inconspicuous, they would check out this woman.

What are your thoughts on this?
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JoeMentia
They hate us for our Free Dumb!
11:26 AM on 03/15/2010
Oh good god, its this what the next generation of Dworkinites look like? A bit less abrasive and hysterical but every bit as much as over-reactive, sensitive and just plain WRONG?

Some people just can't be happy unless they are sucking all the joy and fun out of the world.
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Mister Biggles
11:14 AM on 03/15/2010
Seriously...

You are going to lump "leering" in with assaulting women on the street.

"Leering" at beautiful women is one of life's gifts.

I can get behind the rest of it, but...
12:12 PM on 03/15/2010
This is disgusting.

Leering is not a gift, it's offensive. I have a right to walk down the street and be left the heck alone. You do not have a right to turn my body into a porn magazine.
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Mister Biggles
12:43 PM on 03/15/2010
There is a woman who works at a company I do business with...

She dresses like a hooker. Short skirts, shiny boots up to her knees, very low cut tops everyday.

Then, according to the guys who work with her, she cops an attitude if someone looks at her.

Don't flaunt it if you don't want people to look, hypocrites.
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JoeMentia
They hate us for our Free Dumb!
01:07 PM on 03/15/2010
Grow up. People have the right to look at what they find appealing. Its this kind of hysterical prudishness that puts women into burkas in the Muslim world
Dharma kate
Monty Python wrote my bio.
05:00 PM on 03/14/2010
Oh my Goodness...why is this never a problem for men who conduct themselves as gentlemen. I know dozens of men who can converse with women in a polite and dignified manner and never feel the need to act like some sweaty palmed 12 yr old?

Smile. Use the manners your mother should have taught you. Treat people like you would like to be treated.

These louts who feel they have the obligation to leer, whistle and make demeaning comments show themselves for who they are -- they're not worth a woman's time, energy or effort.

And any man who can't figure out the difference between a polite nod, smile and "how are you?" greeting versus drooling and screaming about great racks and/or caboose is beyond any hope of recovery. If your purpose is to embarrass her or humiliate her in public, you're probably not date-worthy. Carry on, ladies, he'll never figure it out.
07:27 PM on 03/14/2010
Ummmm, do you live in Manhattan? I DO use the manners my mom and dad taught me. I smile. Nothing.

Maybe it's my breath.

I'll look into it. My post and problem is below.

Max
04:32 PM on 03/14/2010
As a single straight guy with a college degree, a very good career, home, health, brain, wardrobe, diet, haircut, complexion and sense of self, sexuality and humor, HOW do I approach - DO I approach? Am I allowed to approach? - a woman, in public, to...what? Tell her I love her dress, or that I think her hairstyle looks awesome, or that I love the color she chose to paint her fingernails? Am I weird? Are these things wrong? What if she's next to me at Barnes & Noble, looking at a book I own, and love, and I want to comment on it? Can I? Or am I invading her space?

You know what I do? Nothing. Ever. I NEVER make eye contact with women here. I never talk to women I don't know here. I never date women here. I'm terrified of women here. I'm a perfectly acceptable man here in NYC going to waste because 9 out of 10 women I might like to approach to speak with are so armored, I'm fearful of their defenses and resigned to the thought I'll never get through them.

Max
maxwell.dembo@gmail.com
(Available.)
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Mister Biggles
02:20 AM on 03/15/2010
Feminism has done a number on you.

Poor guy.
01:06 PM on 03/15/2010
Feminism has done a number on everyone.

Yay Social Conditioning.
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JoeMentia
They hate us for our Free Dumb!
11:27 AM on 03/15/2010
I feel your pain.
11:03 AM on 03/13/2010
Some thoughts for consideration:

Sexual harassment i.e. unwelcome sexual advances and other verbal or physical conduct e.g., inappropriate pictures, posters, and dress manner, can be tried even if the plaintiff cannot prove psychological injury and a firm can be held liable for damages resulting from a hostile work environment.

Training is vital e.g., packaged workshops, assertiveness training, and gender-awareness training. Sexual harassment results in substandard performance and adversely affects the bottom line, at work and elsewhere, and is therefore a social and community problem!

By revealing their experiences of sexual harassment, women must effect changes on a corporate and on a social/community level. Absenteeism, high turnover, difficult recruitment, negative publicity, and low productivity are by-products of harassment (and bullying) in the workplace.

I have a policy of distributing free abridged versions of my books on leadership, ethics, teamwork, motivation, women, bullying and sexual harassment, trade unions, etc., to anyone who sends a request to crespin79@hotmail.com.

Maxwell Pinto, Business Author
http://www.strategicbookpublishing.com/Management-TidbitsForTheNewMillenium.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p34hB50lv-8
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JoeMentia
They hate us for our Free Dumb!
11:49 AM on 03/15/2010
Welcome to Neuterville
01:02 PM on 03/15/2010
Have you earned those angel wings yet? How many of the rest of us men do you send to the slaughter house so you get your "atta boy" pat on the back from women?

Are you still waiting around for them to approve of your manhood? How many men does that man merit badge cost?
09:15 AM on 03/13/2010
There is a significant difference between "looking" at a woman and shouting out at her from across the street, obscene comments. The same argument could be made re. sexual harassment in the work place, and it hasn't really happened. So those sorts of fears are unfounded.

It is hard to understand what it is like to know that as you walk towards a group of guys, you are undoubtedly going to get comments. It is terrifying when you are alone and they might follow you. I shouldn't have to fear such thing in public places. Sexual harassment is sexual harassment no matter where it happens and men shouldn't be able to get off just because they are in a public place.

And yes andygaus, saying to a woman (or in such a way that she can hear) "she is such a babe" should constitute sexual harassment and be illegal. It's disgusting. You don't have some sort of inherent right to comment about the attractiveness of a woman. It is incredibly demeaning for many women. Go and ask your mother how she would feel about some guy saying that to her.

Deepfreezevideo, there was an article in the Huff a few days ago about a woman who was beat to a pulp in the ladies room because she dared say 'no' to a man who was hitting on her. The law did an awesome job of protecting her.
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JoeMentia
They hate us for our Free Dumb!
11:51 AM on 03/15/2010
What a pale gray world you must live in.
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deepfreezevideo
Now with even MORE microbial micro-bio!
09:14 PM on 03/12/2010
What happens when we start seeing litigation for "looking at a woman"?
I am in favor of having laws passed which will enable a woman to prosecute someone for making them fearful, or making them feel threatened or victimized in a public place because the first thing that naturally comes to my mind is, "how would I feel if my mother/wife/sister/daughter were subjected to such treatment?."

But such a law must be approached with the utmost care, lest it destroy the very social fabric of our society. Males and females must be allowed to approach one another, to look at one another, in a civil and courteous way, even if such a social function is romantic or even sexual in nature.

The law must protect a woman's ability to say "stop" or "no", or "I do not feel safe".