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Holly Welker

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Latter-Day Saints and Modern-Day Pioneers

Posted: 07/23/10 11:22 PM ET

In February 1846, in the depths of a winter so bitter that the Mississippi River froze solid enough to drive wagon carts over it, a group of people fled their homes in Nauvoo, Illinois to avoid being murdered, and crossed the river into Iowa. Once across the Mississippi, they set up tents and tried to figure out what to do next. They were Mormons, the only group of people aside from the Cherokee to be evicted from their homes under threat of death, then forced to walk halfway across the country to an entirely new home.

These people, some of whom were my ancestors, walked 1,300 miles across North America, in a journey that lasted almost 18 months. Hundreds of Latter-day Saints, as they called themselves, died on the way, of illness, exhaustion, exposure and starvation. The survivors began trickling into the Great Salt Lake Valley in late July 1847. Brigham Young, leader and organizer of the trek, first saw the Mormons' new home from the back of a wagon he was too ill to leave on July 24, 1847. Young sat up in his sickbed, surveyed the scene, then said, "This is the right place. Drive on."

The Saints were home. Their joy at being able to claim a secure home (as its only other inhabitants were Native Americans whom they had few qualms about displacing), stop traveling, plant crops (fairly late in the year), and live without fear of persecution isn't hard to imagine.

The saga of the Saints crossing the plains left an indelible mark on the collective Mormon psyche. July 24, or Pioneer Day, became one of the most important dates in the Mormon calendar. A legal holiday in Utah, it is also celebrated in Mormon communities outside of Utah.

I grew up in a tiny Mormon town in southern Arizona, 800 miles south of Salt Lake City. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, when I was a little girl, we'd don pioneer costumes and have a parade. We children often complained: walking a mile or two in heavy clothing in southern Arizona in late July isn't really fun. That was the point, we were told firmly: to help us understand the sacrifices our ancestors made so that we could grow up in Zion, the promised land -- meaning not just Utah but the whole intermountain West, breathtaking in its beauty, expansiveness and possibility.

As far as I'm concerned, my activity in the Mormon church is irrelevant to my identity as a Mormon. Mormons call themselves saints; I suppose these days I'm a secular saint rather than a devout one. But that indelible mark made on the collective Mormon psyche by the trek across the plains? It's as vivid and deep on my psyche as on anyone's. What it marks is not my relationship to orthodoxy but to sacrifice, landscape, the unknown, and change.

I am proud of and humbled by the actions of my ancestors. They abandoned the familiar and strode bravely into the unknown, confident that doing so would enable a better future. They gave up possessions, relationships that no longer nurtured them, ideologies they had outgrown. They did the hardest thing they could, both because they could and because they had no other choice.

I cannot count the number of people who have said to me,"I have profound doubts about the church -- its politics, its doctrines, its social structures. I don't always feel at home. But I'll never stop attending or voice certain doubts in public because that would render the sacrifices of my ancestors null and void."

And I say, "How is doing the opposite of what your ancestors did the best way to honor their actions? Isn't the best way to honor their examples simply to follow it?"

I currently live in Salt Lake City, with ample opportunity to celebrate Pioneer Day: concerts in the tabernacle, a ball, a powwow, fireworks, the obligatory parade. I'll probably skip it, because these days Pioneer Day is about settling down, when the spirit that made the arrival in the Salt Lake Valley possible in the first place was about rising up. Mormons today are instructed to submit to authority, when the impetus for the trek across America was rejection of authority.

So this year I celebrate by imagining the Pioneer Day parade of my latter-day dreams. The marshals of my parade wouldn't be men who make pronouncements about doctrine, but the contemporary pioneers who challenge and remake the ways Mormons lives their day-to-day lives.

  • Carol Lynn Pearson's poetry voiced the complexity of Mormon women's experience; Good-bye, I Love You, her memoir about her gay husband's death from AIDS, details the experiences that made her a feminist and LGBT activist.
  • Dustin Lance Black is a Mormon Pioneer not merely for his Oscar-winning screenplay for Milk, but his acceptance speech at the 2009 Academy Awards, offering hope to LGBT youth who feel rejected and unloved by their families, churches and god.
  • Terry Tempest Williams' memoir Refuge, about the deaths of her mother and grandmothers from reproductive cancer possibly caused by nuclear testing, simultaneously praises Mormon generosity and criticizes the intentionally cultivated LDS virtue of unquestioning obedience.
  • Lavina Fielding Anderson was brought before a church court in 1993 for publishing a history of Mormon ecclesiastical abuse from the 1960s on. Refusing to recant, she was excommunicated for apostasy but remains a faithful member of her congregation and an important scholar of Mormon feminism and theology.
  • Troy Williams, originally a volunteer for the ultra-conservative Eagle Forum, is now a queer political activist and writer whose passion and commitment have earned him the nickname "Utah's Harvey Milk."
  • Brady Udall's first novel, The Miracle Life of Edgar Mint, addressed the problematic role of Native Americans in Mormon doctrine; his recent novel, The Lonely Polygamist, tackles Mormonism's history of polygamy.
  • Christopher Bigelow, a devout Mormon bored by the bloodlessness of mainstream Mormon culture, created the Sugar Beet, a website of Mormon satire modeled on The Onion, then started Zarahemla Books, a publisher of edgy Mormon literature.
  • Jason Brown and Will VanWagenen, graduates of Brigham Young University, started a leftist newspaper and collective called The Mormon Worker, dedicated to "meaningfully [connecting] core ideas of Mormon theology with a host of political, economic, ecological, philosophical, and social topics."
  • Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, patron saint of Mormon feminism, is a Pulitzer-prize winning historian best known for a single pithy sentence: "Well behaved women seldom make history."
  • Feminist Mormon Housewives and Exponent II, two important Mormon feminist blogs, feature writers from an array of beliefs and backgrounds in Mormon culture; fMh even included an atheist blogger who was never Mormon but is committed to helping Mormon feminism dialogue with the world.

These people have challenged the status quo in one way or another. Instead of settling down, they've shaken things up, trying to create important, fundamental changes. That is the pioneer spirit I choose to celebrate. A parade led by these pioneers is a parade I would proudly march in.

 

Follow Holly Welker on Twitter: www.twitter.com/hollywelker

In February 1846, in the depths of a winter so bitter that the Mississippi River froze solid enough to drive wagon carts over it, a group of people fled their homes in Nauvoo, Illinois to avoid being ...
In February 1846, in the depths of a winter so bitter that the Mississippi River froze solid enough to drive wagon carts over it, a group of people fled their homes in Nauvoo, Illinois to avoid being ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DaveNYC
12:03 PM on 08/06/2010
This is a late response, but I enjoyed this article. It is probably accurate to say that there are two components to Mormonism -- a religious component and a social component. If you lose faith in the religious component -- and it's hard not to if you consider the matter rationally -- you are left with a social movement. One that my ancestors were also a part of. Rather than ramble on, I'll just leave it at that. I enjoyed the article.

"I cannot count the number of people who have said to me,'I have profound doubts about the church -- its politics, its doctrines, its social structures. I don't always feel at home. But I'll never stop attending or voice certain doubts in public because that would render the sacrifices of my ancestors null and void.'"
This comment raises a host of issues. Perhaps it would be best to just say that the sentiment -- while widespread -- is not that well supported by the facts. The Mormon Church of Brigham Young's time was much different from the Mormon Church of today.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bob Kellerman
Let's have more sanity toward each other
12:08 AM on 08/16/2010
For me, the folks who DO NOT speak up cheapen the ancestor's legacy, but they have swallowed the "stick together" thing waaaaay too deeply.

HOW ABOUT IF ALL THOSE MISSIONS THAT ARE ABOUT CONVERSION MOVE TO PAKISTAN, WHERE MILLIONS NEED HELP DESPERATELY?
It's so silly to send missions to Japan, France, whatever.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bob Kellerman
Let's have more sanity toward each other
05:45 PM on 08/04/2010
My message to the Good Mormons, who honor those pioneers, and their faith:

Today, Proposition 8 in California was knocked down as having no purpose other than to assert the moral superiority of straight over Gay.
YOUR Church and many of you paid millions and millions of dollars (which might have fed millions of hungry children) for this, and performed nearly the entirety of the task to get the proposition on the ballot. (Although others joined in later)

IF THIS IS NOT WHAT YOU THINK YOUR FAITH SHOULD BE ABOUT --- please speak up to one another, to your leaders, to the elders of the church, etc.

DO YOU belong in others' private lives?
IS IT RIGHT for a religion that is 2% of California (far less than the Gays) to step in?

It seemed REALLY INCONGRUOUS to me to read the celebratory article about your pioneers -- headed on HP by a photo of the Gay Dustin Lance Black -- when the present version of the Church seems to see no problem in being the oppressors, after having once been the oppressed.

SORRY, I personally think you all should be ashamed, and be willing to turn the direction back to God, and away from political meddling.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Spirited Away
Music lover
09:47 PM on 08/04/2010
I don't have the statistics, but I understand a significant minority of active Mormons in California and Arizona did not agree with the LDS leadership's political posturing in the anti same sex marriage resolutions in these two States. Like other formerly disenfranchised conservative religious sects (ie the Baptists) that became respectable and powerful; the Mormon leadership is concerned with furthering their socially conservative World-view, even at the expense of those of disagree with them. It would be nice if the Mormons and Southern Baptists were not stalwarts of the religious right, but were focusing on "God, and away from political meddling."
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bob Kellerman
Let's have more sanity toward each other
03:02 AM on 08/05/2010
"Mormon leadership is concerned with furthering their socially conservative World-view"

IT'S EVEN MORE COLD-BLOODED THAN THAT
IT'S ABOUT TREATING THE MEMBERS LIKE A FLOCK OF DUCKS WHO MUST BE KEPT IN A ROW TO KEEP THE LEADERS IN POWER
--- besides the fascism, which is definitely there.....
----If Gay Mormon kid A sees the California thing, he/she might actually want to be who God made him/her. Since there is no way to be Gay in the Mormon church, other than the antiquated and antidiluvian "promise to be celibate", those people would be lost.
Then maybe their brothers and sisters would question the perfection of the church, and there you go!

And the significant minority who KNEW THIS WAS WRONG are going to Hell with the fascists, because they didn't organize, speak up, and do the right thing -- they are trained that the church will ostracize them, costing them relatives, friends, and livelihoods, which is too much to face.

I personally feel FEAR AND REVULSION WHEN I DRIVE PAST THE LA TEMPLE -- it's almost like being a turkey in mid-November: you feel hunted.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DaveNYC
12:08 PM on 08/06/2010
The Mormon Church's support of anti-gay marriage legislation is a top-down affair. It's not like they're calling for a vote among members. Having said that, the Church is sensitive to widespread vocal opposition. Widespread vocal opposition to Church's longstanding policy of excluding blacks led to a complete reversal of position in the form of a revelation and a revision to the Book of Mormon in 1978.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bob Kellerman
Let's have more sanity toward each other
05:49 PM on 08/17/2010
I think they are more afraid of LOOKING BAD to the public, which is why they made that change
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Spirited Away
Music lover
01:21 PM on 08/03/2010
Mormonism is very interesting religion/subculture. The ties that bind seem to be extraordinary strong in this religion, despite discipline and censure among its members. I find it interesting that Lavina Fielding Anderson was excommunicated by Mormon authorities for apostasy, but yet she remains an active person in her local stake. I have noticed that there seems to a number of brave souls who don't agree with the authorities, yet they make their views known, and still identify themselves as Mormons.
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LynneE
A not-so-elite liberal.
08:38 PM on 08/01/2010
Ha, what the author fails to mention is that the mormons were run out of Nauvoo on a rail after Joe Smith was killed by a lynch mob while in jail (shooting several people on the way out).

While I appreciate that she appears to be a feminist and secular, honoring the mormons for their history is like honoring the catholics for the inquistition.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dawacu
Jesus loves you
02:33 PM on 08/03/2010
I don't understand your analogy. How is forced expulsion and having leaders killed by lynch mobs similar to the inquisition?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
timetocookdinner
Angry housewife
02:59 AM on 07/30/2010
I am not Mormon/LDS, but I have many friends who are, and I have nothing bad to say about them. They feel that their faith has a very positive impact on their lives. What is alarming is the number of these friends that have shared stories of abuse at the hands of family members and friends in this church. I don't have stats or studies, but the percentage of Mormon friends who have suffered abuse (yeah, THAT kind of abuse) seems much higher than even my Catholic friends.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bob Kellerman
Let's have more sanity toward each other
08:34 PM on 08/01/2010
When stuff is swept under the carpet, people trip on it.

I always say that the Mormon way of life is good, except for those not lucky enough to "fit in", due to the luck of genetic combinations: those people either act out or are abused, and, if lucky, leave.
07:01 PM on 07/29/2010
Most of the handcart deaths were preventable, but Brigham Young wanted Utah populated FAST and CHEAP. Too fast to wait until spring to travel and too cheap to use oxcarts and provide the children and elderly a seat to rest. Did BY walk beside his congregation? Of course not.
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dawacu
Jesus loves you
02:44 PM on 08/03/2010
Fast to avoid more killings and persecutions from mobs. Cheap to allow even poor Latter-day Saints to come to the West. The majority of the handcart deaths were preventable, the people calling shots on the ground didn't communicate and the system BY set up didn't work. That doesn't mean that as soon as BY found out what was going on he did everythin he could to fix the situation. Also, the Oregon trail was a whole lot deadlier than the Mormon trail.
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by-the-sea-
Happiness hit her like a bullet in the back...
06:49 PM on 07/29/2010
May I ask, what the hell is the point of the photo for this story? Who is this guy clutching an award, and what does he have to do with any of this? Maybe a pretty face gets more readers' attention, just thought it seemed weird. Kinda like Mormonism.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dawacu
Jesus loves you
10:30 AM on 07/29/2010
Lots of the comments below are distortions of the truth and/or outright lies about the LDS Church.

Here are some facts that show that simply calling the LDS Church evil is grossly oversimplifying the whole thing:

Utah was the first territory to grant women the right to vote. This right was taken away from Utah women by the federal government with the Edmunds-Tucker Act in 1887.

Joseph Smith ordained black men to the LDS Preisthood and supported the abolition of slavery when he ran for president. Racism is considered a sin in the Church and is preached against by the Church's leaders.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints supported LBGT rights in Salt Lake City.

The LDS Church provides millions of dollars worth of aid in a variety of situations.

For a more balanced view than you'll get from the comments below, read about Mormons and social issues on wikipedia.

For a Mormon view, talk to a Mormon, go to mormon.org, lds.org, or fairlds.org.
07:18 PM on 07/29/2010
I can't even believe that anyone thinks the Mormon church has a history of tolerance for women, people of color, or gay and lesbian folk. NOT! Mormons poured millions into fighting Prop 8, ERA, and were in danger of losing their tax-exempt status before it was "revealed" that black men could hold the "priesthood".
04:57 AM on 07/30/2010
Your opinion on the church's "intolerance" towards women highlights your "knowledge" about it.
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dawacu
Jesus loves you
02:48 PM on 08/03/2010
My point is that the LDS Church's history on tolerance is much more complicated than the comments below make them out to be, not that it is a perfect record. Support for suffrage, abolition, gay rights in Salt Lake City, and many other examples show that this is not a black and white issue.
05:33 PM on 08/01/2010
Excuse me, please look into how the "church" extended every courtesy to murderer Mark Hofmann, but kicked Sonia Johnson (whose "crime" was openly supporting ERA) to the curb.

Her book "Housewife to Heretic" is a searing account of the shabby, dishonest way church officials (principally Gordon B. Hinckley) treated her.

Today Hinckley is dead, Hofmann is in jail, and Sonia runs a little B&B near a natural hot spring. Karma, baby.

(P.S. Oh, since the "church" treats women so well, can you tell me why young women are leaving the "church" in droves?)
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dawacu
Jesus loves you
02:51 PM on 08/03/2010
Karma killed Hinckley at age 95? I hope my karma is similar. I'm sure some young women are leaving the Church, but others are joining it and the Church is experiencing a net gain in membership.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MikeHermit
Proud Atheist
07:29 PM on 07/28/2010
"Mormons today are instructed to submit to authority, when the impetus for the trek across America was rejection of authority."

The reason Mormons submit to authority is because it is the Mormons who run this state. And when they followed their leaders out of Navou? Submission. Married their young daughters off? Submission. The LDS cult is all about submission, just like any other organized religion.

And they have taken over our governance in this state so we all have to abide by the tenants of the LDS heiarchy.

So what is there for loyal LDS believers to stand up to? They like it the way it is, their way.
04:56 AM on 07/30/2010
Spoken like a true Ute fan lol. It seems that the U has a real hard-on about attacking the Mormon Church.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
doublels
say it out loud...I'm a Lib & I'm proud
06:31 AM on 07/28/2010
Mormon's were hardly the only people to make the dangerous trek across America. It's not right that they had to do it because of their religion, but I don't see that it's so special, so worthy of praise of the Mormons. Bottom line...Mormons wear sacred underwear, exclude non-Mormon family members from attending weddings of their converted family member. My theory,..Joseph Smith was a schizophrenic hearing voices on that hill in Palmyra. I have no respect whatsoever for the Mormon ''religion'' despite their ''historic crossing of America''.
02:00 PM on 07/28/2010
It was not special per se. So many people trekked across lands throughout histories and don't make a song and dance about it. My Russian ancestors trekked across huge swathes of modern Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan in search of better lives. And countless non LDS Americans crossed from East to West at the same time for the exact same reasons.

But I see that if you want to establish a newly created religion you need events in which to anchor new converts' faith and with which you can whip up a little religious zeal from time to time. Hence the official party line on the trek and Brigham Young being referred to as "America's Moses". Never mind the rift in the LDS and the legal problems which resulted in the LDS being asked to leave Illinois. Needless to say, BY's involvement in the butchering at Mountain Meadows is not celebrated so much.
07:30 PM on 07/27/2010
Oh after pointing out the historical inaccuracy of the book of morman, they stop calling me which was a good deal. Because they used to call me off and on Friday evening through Saturday night to make sure i was coming Sunday services and (all day sunday school) after 6 months apparently if they cant fully convert you they cut you off 100 per. They also harrassed my ex until we split following my comments that their were no horses in the new world until the spanish arrived, contradicting the book of Morman. No great loss to me! They are basicly a cult
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dawacu
Jesus loves you
04:42 PM on 07/27/2010
The comments below represent a wide variety of Mormon stereotypes, folklore, and many outright lies about Mormons. Read them with caution.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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03:03 AM on 07/28/2010
lol, what isn't a lie is that your so called church was against abolition, civil rights, women's rights and gay rights....Oh yeah and your leader said that all blacks were doomed to go to hell solely based on the color of their skin...The more you try to deny things like this the more foolish you look...they can be verified by working with the google...I know its kinda scary, but it's great!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cominginsecond
05:43 AM on 07/28/2010
Your comments are exactly what dawacu is talking about. At best a couple of the things you write are half truths. At worst, they're all willful distortions.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dawacu
Jesus loves you
10:20 AM on 07/29/2010
Lots of false things can be verified by looking at google. For a slightly more authoritative source look up "Blacks and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" on wikipedia and you'll find that the LDS Church NEVER preached anything akin to blacks going to hell because of the color of their skin. Mormons don't even believe in hell (not in the traditional Protestant sense anyways).

Some other FACTS that show that these issues are a lot more complicated than you are making them out to be:
Utah was the first territory to grant women the right to vote. This right was taken away from Utah women by the federal government with the Edmunds-Tucker Act in 1887.

Joseph Smith ordained black men to the LDS Preisthood and supported the abolition of slavery when he ran for president.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints supported LBGT rights in Salt Lake City.

There are several other examples of how many of the comments below are flat out wrong or at best distortions of the truth. The issue is a lot grayer than "The LDS Church is evil."
06:58 PM on 07/26/2010
Lets not forget the classic Morman teaching that Native Americans are the lost tribe of Israel. Even though they dont speak Hebrew, Armanic, Greek, or even latin commen in ancient Israel,

Have know several native americans they are all shock to learn they are Jewish!

Of course I save the best for last. Up until the 1970's the Morman's taught that the lighter your skin color is a symbol of your salvation. Thus Minorities with a dark tan need not apply.
07:19 PM on 07/26/2010
Let's not forget also that there is not a shred of Hebrew DNA in that of several collections of native and first nations DNA. Zip. Nada. This is maybe a problem as one would expect a lost tribe of Israel to have, well, DNA indicating they are a lost tribe. But there are no connections at all. I understand the modern explanation for this is from the LDS Lords is extensive assimilation and so on but one of the features of all the tribes of Israel is that this was the one thing they didn't do. So there is a bit of a problem. If one tends to the simplest explanations for observed phenomena one might be tempted to conclude that no tribes of Israel sailed across the atlantic until after Columbus discovered the New World.
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
04:14 PM on 07/26/2010
Whatever the 'heritage,' what the LDS church does *now* is not the actions of any friend of humanity, America, or any good God.

Prop 8.

They went out of their way to do that.

And that'll take some un-doing, if Mormons want to play 'oppressed minority.'
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
curiousdwk
Global Citizen. Not Democratic, not Republican, n
03:03 PM on 07/26/2010
The author says these Pioneers "abandoned the familiar and strode bravely into the unknown, confident that doing so would enable a better future." That's not quite true. They stayed with their familiar community. Had they not joined them, then they would have been alone in their society where they did not feel a part of. By staying with this religious community, they stayed with the known, not the unknown. Most people are in religions for their sense of community much more than the actual beliefs. These religious communities engage their members in such a strong way that the members would not be able to function outside of their community. I know. I was raised in such a religious community that to even think of leaving was terror. It was easier for these Pioneers to stay with the community than to leave and desert the community.
06:56 PM on 07/26/2010
There are two sides to every story. The author says the pioneers "abandoned the familiar and strode bravely into the unknown, confident that doing so would enable a better future." Another telling is that there was nothing familiar about the circumstances which led Brigham Young to leave: Smith's followers were, frankly, a royal pain in the backside for the states that had hosted them and they were asked to leave.
05:07 AM on 07/30/2010
Yup. Missouri didn't like the fact that the Mormons, who at that time were mostly composed of abolitionist converts from New England, didn't own slaves, were educated grew in wealth and stature due to their industry and didn't act like drunken hicks as opposed to the rest of the white Missourians at the time. The royal "pain" that you're describing is called growth due to industry. The Mormons made Nauvoo the largest city in Illinois at the time and were prosperous and scholarly. What you call a pain was the rest of the state's paranoia that the Mormons were becoming a powerful, politically and otherwise. We all know what happens when people we are unfamiliar with get successful and influential, eh?