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Ilan Goldenberg

Ilan Goldenberg

Posted: June 2, 2008 02:09 PM

Why We Should Talk to Iran


Today John McCain outlined his path forward on Iran.  He started by mocking Barack Obama's proposals for engagement claiming that they've been tried before and failed.  He completely mischaracterized Obama's position which is about tough and direct negotiations.  He instead argued for continuing the failed policies of the Bush Administration, calling for more sanctions and international pressure and refusing to engage with Iran.   The problem with this approach is that for the past eight years it has yielded no results:  Iran has gotten stronger, its uranium enrichment program has continued unabated, and it now possesses 3,000 nuclear centrifuges as opposed to zero.  The course that McCain is proposing has yielded nothing.  Continuing on this path ensures that at some time in the future whether it be three, five or ten years, Iran will be in a position to attain a nuclear weapon.  At that point the President's options will be limited to either striking Iran militarily - a costly endeavor that in the long run is unlikely to slow down Iran's nuclear program - or allowing Iran to go nuclear.   Direct diplomacy won't necessarily solve all of our problems but it is surely better than the current failed course, and it is worth trying.

McCain argues that the Clinton Administration already tried engaging in 1998 and that the entreaties were rebuffed. He's right.  Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei vetoed any talks at that time.  But McCain is selectively cherry picking history.  The story of the last 15 years between Iran and the U.S. is one of missed opportunities on both sides.  The best example is from 2003, where right after the start of the Iraq War senior officials in the Iranian Foreign Ministry sent the "Grand Bargain fax" to the Bush Administration outlining what a deal between the U.S. and Iran might look like.  The Bush Administration decided not to respond because of its position of strength at the time and the belief that Iranian reformists couldn't deliver on their promises. In the late 1980s and early 1990s Iran worked to have Hezbollah release all of the American hostages in Lebanon and in exchange expected greater engagement from the United States.  But while the first Bush Administration had signaled that it would in fact engage after the 1992 U.S. Presidential elections, when they lost, the Clinton Administration decided instead opt for a dual containment policy.  Elements in the Iranian government who had supported engagement with the U.S. ended up feeling spurned.  The story is much more complicated than: "the U.S. has tried talking and Iran has refused."

McCain also portrays Ahmadinejad as the man to negotiate with in Iran. First of all, Obama is not proposing sitting down for direct talks with Ahmadinejad but with the Iranian government.  Second, as Joe Klein has pointed out - and McCain has refused to acknowledge - Khameini - not Ahmadinejad - runs Iran's foreign policy. 

McCain also claims that Iran has a comprehensive offer on the table from the Europeans and since it has not accepted, it would never accept an offer from the United States.  But the Europeans don't have massive armies on both of Iran's borders.  They are not perceived as being the security threat to Iran.  Iran is concerned about the United States and is afraid that if it came to an agreement with the Europeans, it would then have to renegotiate the entire deal with the United States. Direct talks with the United States would in fact be meaningfully different.

McCain argues that talking with the Iranian regime would empower extremists instead of moderates.  But as Matt Duss points out

 As for "increasing the prestige" of Ahmadinejad, as Iran analysts Vali Nasr and Ray Takeyh pointed out last December, Ahmadinejad's prestige has benefited from the bellicose rhetoric coming from American conservatives, allowing him "to suppress dissent and divert attention from domestic woes to international crises he is only too happy to fuel."

McCain also claims that he will support for comprehensive sanctions, but those sanctions will be ineffective if they are not agreed to by countries such as China and Russia, who are significant trading partners with Iran and to this point have stopped the Bush Administration from imposing tougher UN sanctions.  These sanctions are nice in theory but McCain won't be able to implement them.  In fact, the only way that they could be implemented was if the United States made a genuine effort to engage Iran and its entreaties were rebuffed. Under that scenario the international community would likely be much more willing to go along with sanctions, if it was perceived that Iran was wholly in the wrong and all good faith efforts had been made to resolve the situation.

In the end, McCain's plan is basically the Bush plan.  If we continue down this track then Iran will simply continue to enrich uranium and at some point whether it be three, five or ten years from now an American President will be faced with the choice of having to either bomb Iran or let it go nuclear.  Instead, what is needed a comprehensive rethink of America's strategy. 

At NSN we have written a paper on such an approach.  It involves direct and tough negotiations with Iran's government, without preconditions, on all issues including Iraq, terrorism and the nuclear question.  It's absolutely critical that these talks take place so that at the very least the Iranians are actually clear about American position and vice versa and to open up a channel for communication.  Our strategy  is also not opposed to economic sanctions and incentives as long as they are used responsibly as part of an actual strategy to get the Iranian government to change its behavior.  Sanctions without a broader strategy are useless and only further alienate the Iranians.  The strategy also argues that while we are strongly opposed to a bombing campaign against Iran and see tremendous costs for such actions, threats of force can sometimes be useful.  But they have to be credible and they again have to be part of a comprehensive strategy to change behavior.  What we have right now from John McCain and the Bush Administration is simply needless saber rattling that inflames nationalist passions on both sides.

No one is actually proposing the straw man position that John McCain posited this morning. No one thinks that we can simply wish this problem away through direct talks.  But many, including the bi-partisan Iraq Study Group, believe that there is some benefit to careful, direct and tough diplomacy. It sure beats McCain's status quo proposal, which is essentially to do nothing.

 
 
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11:55 PM on 06/03/2008
Islam from its beginning and in its essence is a religion of endless war and imperial expansion. Today's Jihadists are at the vanguard of restroring Islam's imperial preeminence and making it a world political and military power. And the most powerful Jihadist state is Iran who is closest to filling the imperial void left by the collapse of the Ottoman caliphate. For the time being Iran's imperialist thrust is by proxy forces, nuclear intimidation and the massive funding of terrorism: Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, the Sadrists and Badr Corps in Iraq and lesser allies elsewhere. The Cold War model doesn't apply to this new war as Bush and McCain have repeatedly said.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
07:03 AM on 06/04/2008
"The Cold War model doesn't apply to this new war"

Neither does the World War II model but that hasn't stopped you from screaming "Neville Chamberlain!!!!" all day long.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
06:05 PM on 06/03/2008
The Iranians don't seem to be particularly afraid of George W. Bush Man of Steel, so what makes you think that they'll be intimidated by John McCain?
01:21 PM on 06/03/2008
Obama likes to cite Kennedy meeting with Krushchev as an example of talking with our enemies, but he seems to not know history. What was the result of that meeting? Nuclear missiles in Cuba. Krushchev came away from their meeting thinking Kennedy was weak (he was right). So he put those missiles there knowing Kennedy would not do anything about it (he was right). Ultimately, the missiles were removed because Kennedy made a deal, giving up some of our security in the process. The Soviets gained and the US lost because of the naivete of Kennedy.

The same could happen with Obama. He meets with Iran, they sense he is weak (they will be right). Afterwards, they annex part of Iraq, and Obama then has to give them something to get them to leave. Once again, our enemy will gain while we lose because of the naivete of our leader. Those who do not learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.

Regime change should be our goal in Iran. We should continue to squeeze them until they either break down and decide to join the civilized world, or their regime falls and is hopefully replaced with a regime that does want to live in the civilized world.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
05:59 PM on 06/03/2008
So we removed some obsolete Jupiter missiles from Turkey slightly sooner than we were going to anyway and that was the great "loss of security"?

Kruschev also feared that if we were to find out just how weak the Soviet Union really that we would attack THEM.
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06:19 PM on 06/03/2008
They're two or three centuries more "civilized" than the Saudis, and how do we "squeeze" them? By our President going on bended knee to beg for "Please sir, may we have more?" and selling them F-15's.

Our policy toward Iran is one of the most hypocritical jokes in history ... except that we'll probably get more people killed with the same bungling incompetence demonstrated in Iraq if we keep it up, and that's not a particularly funny joke.
12:30 PM on 06/03/2008
The Pope can consider talking with Ahmadinejad ... but not the President of the United States ... or is it two brown men meeting behind closed doors that McCain(read Lieberman) is afraid of.
12:27 PM on 06/03/2008
We should talk to Iran while also remembering that they do have an inalienable right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as the production of electric energy, and the enrichment of uranium for its nuclear reactors.

In this day and age when gas prices are souring and those resources will soon be depleted, we should not interfere with their goals of higher technology.

Israel is the only country in that region to have and UNDECLARED Nuclear Arsenal. Lest we forget our own NIE report that stated Iran has nothing.
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12:25 PM on 06/03/2008
We sell advanced weaponry to the country that birthed the 9/11 bombers, evangelizes the most anti-Western variant of Islam in existence, whips women for flirting, and doesn't let anybody vote ...

We rattle the sabre at the country where most people love Americans and women get to vote, drive, and hold elective office.

Something is wrong with that picture.
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MikeDu
Both salubrious and lugubrious concurrently.
11:54 AM on 06/03/2008
I think its so funny that the idiot neocons are waving their hands in the air screaming "We can't possibly talk to any of our (meaning Israel's) enemies!" while behind the scenes Israel is merrily holding peace talks with Syria and exchanging prisoners with Hezbollah.
Earth to neocons idiots. Historically, diplomacy has not been used as a 'reward' to other nations for doing all we demand. Its *supposed* to be a tool to convince other nations of the wisdom of doing what we'd like.
01:41 PM on 06/03/2008
Ah, but where's the enjoyment in diplomacy? Mounting unprovoked military invasions is so much more fun!
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11:53 AM on 06/03/2008
There are many, many mistaken assumptions that are running around here...

First of all, there's the assumption that it's really a good idea to stir up the hornet's-nest of war just so that you can sell weaponry to both sides ... as the United States does throughout the Middle East to the tune of billions of dollars per year.

Second, there's the assumption that "nuclear weapons" are really as important to other nations as our military-industrial complex would like for them to be. There is nothing that a conventional-military mind likes more than "a bigger, badder explosion." But international relations are not made out of explosives of any kind.

Finally, and related to the second, there's the assumption that any interest whatsoever that any nation might possibly have in nuclear material must be related to weapons production. How about electric power? Oil's going to run out very soon, and the producers know it best.

When you are in the business of war, everything looks like a war, and everything else looks like a weapon. Sure, I acknowledge that there are some REALLY BAD people out there, but, as (Five-Star!) General "Ike" Eisenhower aptly observed, every dollar spent on war is a hungry mouth and an un-clothed child.
11:44 AM on 06/03/2008
Certainly, we should talk to Iran. While a self-declared enemy of the Western democracy, Iranian mullahs are more of a threat to their own people than the outside world. We should negotiate with Iran on issues of common concern.. While putting ever increasing pressure on to isolate Iran on the diplomatic and economic stage as long as they continue to finance and arm every ( Shia) crackpot Jihadist in the world.
Most of the Arab world is of the same opinion.
10:44 AM on 06/03/2008
"You gotta help us, Doc. We've tried nothing and we're fresh out of ideas!" ~ Ned's Mom

You know it is so funny that we have all these experts telling Obama why he is wrong, but not one of them has an idea of why he wrong and what is a better course of action. They just offer assumptions. Arrogant ones at that.

What harm can opening dialogue cause? Either it works, or we have a better understanding of why it did not. Either way we come out ahead in our understanding of Iran.
10:50 AM on 06/03/2008
If the don't see things our way, I suggest a very strongly worded email.
01:36 PM on 06/03/2008
Perhaps, we should create a council to translate Philip P. Daniel’s Guide to Smiley Identification into the Persian language. Just in case
04:11 PM on 06/03/2008
Hasn't Ali Khamenei issued a fatwa sating the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons is forbidden under Islam?
09:37 AM on 06/03/2008
AIPAC and Iraq
It has become relatively fashionable for some members of the Israeli lobby to deny any involvement in the build-up towards the war on Iraq. But few remember what AIPAC executive director Howard Kohr told the New York Sun in January 2003: "Quietly lobbying Congress to approve the use of force in Iraq was one of AIPAC's successes over the past year."

And in a New Yorker profile of Steven Rosen, AIPAC's policy director during the run-up to the war on Iraqi, it was stated that "AIPAC lobbied Congress in favor of the Iraqi war".

Compare it with a 2007 Gallup study based on 13 different polls, according to which 77% of American Jews were opposed to the Iraq war, compared to 52% of Americans.

Walt and Mearsheimer contend "the war was due in large part to the lobby's influence, and especially its neo-con wing. The lobby is not always representative of the larger community for which it often claims to speak."
09:34 AM on 06/03/2008
OBAMA'S IGNORANCE ON IRAN

Missed opportunities to make peace with Iran? Where? A "grand bargain fax" from a powerless foreign minister is a worthless piece of paper, worthless like Khatami's "dialogue of civilizations" which fooled Bill Clinton and was just a ruse to get economic concessions from the gullible West. What is so useless about a US President engaging in direct talks with Iran is that he cannot meet with his Iranian counterpart: Iran's Supreme Leader.

The Supreme Leader does not meet with non-Moslem leaders. In fact, I defy anyone to show me where Khamenie or his predecessor ever met with a leader of a non-Moslem state . In other words, leader to leader negotiations are impossible with the mullahs unless you are a Moslem. The non-Moslem Obama would be forced to meet with the nut ball Ahmadenijad who he admits is not the man to talk to in Iran.

Apparently Obama is ignorant of the Supreme Leader's iron rule. This is just one in dozens of examples showing how foolish, inept and unprepared Obama is to be Commander and Chief. Obama's claim of being a foreign policy genius excelling in his knowledge Clinton and McCain combined is pretentious nonsense.
10:34 AM on 06/03/2008
"The Supreme Leader does not meet with non-Moslem leaders. In fact, I defy anyone to show me where Khamenie or his predecessor ever met with a leader of a non-Moslem state ." ApolloSpeaks

Putin Meets Ali Khamenie Face-to-Face
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IJ26Ak06.html

Apparently you are ignorant of the Supreme Leader's activities; just an example showing how foolish, inept and unprepared you were just to write a response to a blog entry.
10:42 AM on 06/03/2008
There were some like you who said the same thing about Russia during the Cold War. Luckily, cooler heads prevailed.
02:06 PM on 06/03/2008
Most importantly, Iran lacks both the military capacity and the totalitarian parameters of the Soviet Union, and is hardly capable of mounting an imperialist campaign even if it wanted to. Obviously, McCain and Bush embody the obsolescent types of armchair warriors who miss the Cold War and prefer to delude themselves that the presence of a few, not exactly cordial, but essentially non-threatening international entities justifies a militaristic posture and a few trillion further expenditures into the military industrial complex.
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CaseyBabes
09:11 AM on 06/03/2008
The article splits hairs to tweak out favor for Obambi's position then bludgeons McCain to pretend Iran can be dealt with. Ever since the original Khomenei arrived from Paris years ago Iran has followed the objectives of destroying the USA and Israel. The USA has participated with other countries ever since in talks with Iran with scarce results as Iran only gives in to ultimately gain.
Obambi's stance on Iran talks, as with other main issues, reveals an adept tap dancin' routine to squirm away from his dumb thoughts when they get revealed -- by him. Saying he will sit down for talks with Iran, as if talks haven't been ongoing for years, indicates the fool can't process confrontational problems.
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donaldw6
Man's extremity is God's opportunity
01:53 AM on 06/03/2008
Of course you talk. Iran, for instance, is a nation of 71 million people, and absolutely critical to any hope for positive solutions. Or we could just keep rattling sabers at each other until we start blowing each other up. Exciting for some, I guess, but can we please just think about talking to them, just for a minute? All war in this modern age is effectively little more than a war on children.

Civilian Casualties
===============
WWI -------10%
WWII ------ 50%
Vietnam -- 70%
Iraq -------- 90%
Iran -------- ???

I think we have more than enough of the blood of children on our hands, thanks very much. Let's try to talk.
09:56 AM on 06/03/2008
The real tragedy is that this whole issue revolves around an Israeli/Neo-con myth, that of "belligerent, expansionist, and fanatical Iran." According to the IAEA, there is virtually zero hard, concrete evidence that Iran is engaged in a nuclear weapons program. As a signatory of the Non-proliferation treaty, Iran has the right, as a sovereign nation, to develop a nuclear energy program.
Achmadinejad never threatened to "wipe Israel off the map"-this myth continues to be repeated and perpetuated by the MSM. What Achmadinejad said was actually something like,"...the regime occupying Jerusalem (al qu'dsh?) would dissapear from the pages of time..." or something very similar, not too different from what Reagan said about the "evil empire...going into the (dustbin?) of history..."
Iran has no record of belligerence against other nations for at least the last two centuries. Yes, the revolutionary government took the embassy personnell hostage, yet...as Chalmers Johnson would say, this was "blowback" for America and Britain's coup d' etat against Mossadegh and their installation of the Pahlavi tyrants. Iran was attacked by Saddam at the behest of the Reagan administration, which furnished him his WMD's.
All this "gathering storm" talk about Iran is really about achieving two objectives: U.S. hegemony over the middle east and central Asia, and Israeli dominance of the Levant.
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donaldw6
Man's extremity is God's opportunity
11:57 AM on 06/03/2008
Chalmers Johnson. Good man. Boring books in places, but a good man.
10:21 AM on 06/03/2008
Talking is such a downer...why don't we just surrender to the nutcases of the world and then we can spend our time smoking pot and dreaming about green energy solutions?
01:58 PM on 06/03/2008
Why not? We've already surrendered control of this country to one nutcase already.
01:45 AM on 06/03/2008
We should talk to Iran the same way we did the USSR straight up negotiations from a position of strength. First we let them know that a nuc fired from Iran at anyone would be taken as an attack on the USA and cause a retaliatory strike in kind. Second we have to let them know that we will listen to what it is they want. It worked in the cold war and kept both sides from doing something stupid. The key is to find out what they really are after and to let them know that we can find a middle ground but if what they want is war we have to let them know the price of that war. It is not a perfect solution and can be nerve racking (I was in the navy in the late 70's early 80's when we thought we would have to launch) but if they are not the nuts they sometimes seem a balance can be found. Also if we now let them know they can not use a nuclear weapon they may find it is not worth the time and effort to get them.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
07:33 AM on 06/03/2008
How can we NOT talk to them from a position of strength? We're a superpower and they have a second-rate military and an economy roughly the size of Alabama. This isn't the Soviet Union we're talking about.

Admiral Fallon on war with Iran - "These guys are ants. When the time comes, you crush them."
07:49 AM on 06/03/2008
They have to believe we will use our power, if they think we are a paper tiger things will get nasty.
10:08 AM on 06/03/2008
Sorry Major, your statement reminds me of something along the lines "mission accomplished" or "we will be greeted with rose petals". Where exactly are we in Iraq, a country about a 1/4 the size of Iran??? We can make life miserable for Iran without ever firing a shot, but since we have lost world standing and respect, even the route of total a embargo wouldn't get support.
Maybe we need to listen for awhile instead of talk. You may be surprised what your "enemies" will tell you under a banner of truce. They could tell you how to diffuse the situation with everyone keeping their egos intact, or they could let slip the exact way to take them down. It's called diplomacy and its worked wonders in the past.
09:06 AM on 06/03/2008
Just for clarification, working at a level somewhat less severe than a nuclear bomb:

1) If they were involved in a plot to overthrow the President, would that be grounds for war against them?

2) If they supplied an enemy of ours with weapons and support for an extended time that caused high casualties, would that be grounds for war against them?
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
07:49 PM on 06/03/2008
It's not a matter of justification. We can always find some justification to go to war.

We'll make up something if we have to. We can always arrange for some incident that would "leave us no choice" but to retaliate.

The question is: is it a good idea to go to war or would it create more problems than it solves? Can our objectives be quantified? Can they be achieved? If so, within acceptable cost? Is it likely to escalate into something much larger than we planned? Remember that the enemy has a tendency not to go along with your plans. That's why they're called the enemy.