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Malcolm X Was "Gay-for-Pay," New Book Says

Posted: 04/07/11 09:30 AM ET

Before any of us in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities laud Malcolm X as our new gay icon or castigate him for being a black heterosexist nationalist on the "down low," we might need to closely examine the recent revelation that for a period in his life Malcolm X engaged in same-sex relationships.

Also, before any of us in the African American community flatly dismiss these assertions as part and parcel of a racist conspiratorial propaganda machine that is out to discredit our brother Malcolm, we need, at least, to hear these nagging claims.

And this time hear them coming from one of our own -- Manning Marable, a renowned and respected African American historian and social critic from Columbia University.

Sadly, Marable died April 1, just days before the release of his magnum opus, an exhaustive and new 594-page biography Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention, on April 4th, which also marks the anniversary of Martin Luther King's assassination in 1968.

His assertions in the book -- deriving from meticulously combing through 6,000 pages of F.B.I. files obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, records from the Central Intelligence Agency, State Department and New York district attorney's office, as well as his interviews with members of Malcolm X's inner circle and security team -- leave the reader in shock and awe.

For those of us who always thought Malcolm X's assassination, as with King's, had everything to do with J. Edgar Hoover's F.B.I., we are correct. Marable emphatically states that both the F.B.I. and NYPD had advance knowledge of the assassination plot on Malcolm X's life, and did nothing to abort it.

But what will come as a shock is Marable's assertions that the Malcolm X the world has come to know through Alex Haley's 1965 New York Times bestseller The Autobiography of Malcolm X and Spike Lee's 1992 film Malcolm X, based largely on Haley's book, is fictive. And the spin we have is in part due to Malcolm himself.

In creating an autobiographical narrative that would have his book fly off of the shelves as well as elevate his status to a national -- if not world -- stage, Malcolm X intentionally fabricated, exaggerated, glossed over, and omitted vital facts about his life. One such fact omitted was his same-sex relationship with a white businessman.

The claim, no doubt, will become a hotly contested topic in sectors of the African American community. With an iconography of racist images of black masculinity ranging from back in the day as Sambos, Uncle Toms, coons, and bucks to gangsta hip-hoppers, Malcolm represented the negation of them.

As a pop-culture hero to young black males of this generation and as the quintessential representation of black manhood of both America's Black Civil Rights and Black Power eras, a gay Malcolm X will be a hard, if not impossible, sell to the African American community.

And here's why:

At Malcolm X's funeral, held at the Faith Temple Church Of God in February 27, 1965, Ossie Davis, renowned African American actor and civil rights activist, delivered the eulogy stating the following:

Harlem has come to bid farewell to one of its brightest hopes. ...Malcolm was our manhood, our living, black manhood! This was his meaning to his people. ...And we will know him then for what he was and is. A prince. Our own black shining prince who didn't hesitate to die because he loved us so.


For a gangsta hip-hop generation Malcolm Little -- before his conversation to the Nation of Islam and name change -- represents for them a lauded hypermasculinity. And their male-dominated musical genre is aesthetically built on the most misogynistic and homophobic strains of Black Nationalism and afrocentricism.

But this claim by Marable, however, of Malcolm's same-sex relationship is not new. Reports of Malcolm X's queerness were first revealed in Bruce Perry's 1991 biography, Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America.

According to Perry, Malcolm's same-sex dalliances date back to childhood, where he enjoyed being masturbated or fellated. In his 20s, Perry informs us, Malcolm had a sustained sexual relationship with a transvestite named Willie Mae, and also he had sex with gay men for money, boasting he serviced "queers."

I am not heterosexist apologist, but if we as LGBTQ people use this era of Malcolm's life to claim him as gay, we misunderstand the art and survivalism of street hustling culture.

Similarly, if we, as African Americans, use this era of Malcolm's life to dismiss that he engaged in same-sex relationships, many will miss the opportunity to purge ourselves of homophobic attitudes.

When Malcolm came to Boston to live with his older half-sister, Roxbury's Ella Little Collins, he was 16, having dropped out of school at 15. With no job skills and looking for the most expedient route to acquire money, Malcolm peddled cocaine, broke into homes of Boston's well-to-do, gambled big at poker games, and unabashedly serviced gay men for pay.

While it can be argued that Malcolm's same-sex encounters were not solely financially motivated, let us also not dismiss that the only evidence we do have is the context in which he was.

 
 
 
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Vanessa Carmichael
Author of Blockbuster, a novel
08:50 PM on 04/23/2011
Well, I'm sure the claims that Malcolm X was gay sure will sell a lot more books. No one should speak definitively on Malcolm X's life, not even the writer of this article. Being a male prostitute does not mean you have a preference for sex with a man. It usually means you are desperate for cash. Sexuality isn't some hardwire trigger. And we don't know what Malcolm Little's childhood was like. We don't know if he was molested and fostered into the hustler life and then on to being a pimp. People didn't even have the language in his time to talk about sexual abuse the way we do today. We don't even know if it's true.

Maybe Jesus was gay. What would it matter?

No matter what, Malcolm X was a great man.

I say, write about how we will never know what exactly is the truth about Malcom X..
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Heru1
03:23 PM on 04/23/2011
There is no proof that Malcolm X was gay. Marable, who should not be assumed to be "one of our own", makes Malcolm's sexual orientation an issue based on 'circumstantial evidence'...a letter that says nothing about sex. There is stronger circumstantial evidence that Marable was queer than Malcolm. Yet by the end of this article, you are talking about Malcolm's "same sex encounters" as if they were fact.

Marable did what he was paid to do. He changed the agenda from Black liberation to queer studies. You can tell simply be the questions we are asking and where the 'answers' lead.
05:02 AM on 04/16/2011
I love how the homosexual allegations are what we are focusing on when there's this:

"For those of us who always thought Malcolm X's assassination, as with King's, had everything to do with J. Edgar Hoover's F.B.I., we are correct. Marable emphatically states that both the F.B.I. and NYPD had advance knowledge of the assassination plot on Malcolm X's life, and did nothing to abort it."

I hope there will be a day when we stop focusing on what people do in the privacy of the bedroom and focus instead on how the government conspires to oppress everyone except the rich.
11:37 AM on 04/15/2011
There are some great points made in this article. The connection between masculinity and sexuality is a huge issue in the Black community as well as in the American culture effiminity in our culutre is attributed to homosexuality s ell as weakness. I do believe that it contributes to dl culutre and irresponsible behavior, causing epedimic increases of HIV in the Blk community as well as sucicde. I haven't read the book, however it doesn't change my admiration for Malik Shabazz. He is still a man in my eyes. Hopefully in the near future we can have a candid discussion about sexuality and and eliminate demanization of homosexuals, particularily wamong Blk males. The hip hop community I feel perpetuates this to the highest degree, which is unfortunate. Look at the situation with mister cee...smh
01:42 PM on 04/11/2011
I'm a white man, grew up Catholic. I was born in 1960, so I came of age through all the hate, lies and war that divided us all. Flint Mich was a tough place to be young in the 60's. Now I live in Lansing, right down the street from Malcolm's childhood home..right off of MLK blvd, a few blocks from a totally muslim school for young black kids. My point? Its a nice and peaceful place most of the time. Malcolm might have did a lot of things when he was young. It was all of his "sins" that taught him to think, to transcend these things and become great. His words held the truth of things, how it really was. The powers that be, White and Black at the time feared his truth- so, like so many others in that desperate time, he was martryed. I never cried for him the day he died, but I cry for him and his family now, and I cry for America- the cesspool it has become.
10:29 AM on 06/02/2011
Happy awakening, my brother. It's all those labels that we hang on to:
white/black, catholic/muslim, rich/not rich enough, and so on...

Humanity means Compassion. So simple. So difficult.
See the Kubler-Ross model:
Personalize it. Honestly gauge your stage. Hapy Life to all.
11:04 AM on 04/11/2011
late in the day of denial, for us with regards to our clergy, community activist and black historical icons. At this point in the evolution of human kind, being gay should not matter anymore. What truly matters, and what black people should be most proud of, are the contributions that our famed leaders, sports icons, civil rights activist and entertainers have given to our collective humanity. Unless someone from one of the aforementioned categories slept with children, raped someone or committed a crime as the result of their carnal passions, we must ignore this type of rhetoric! We must learn to judge our fellow human being as we would like them or the Universe, to judge us. And that judgment must be weighed on a scale on which our GOOD outweighs our BAD. In this manner, we shall never loose sight of the positive that we all have contributed to our world. Malcolm X,John Kennedy,Dr.Martin Luther King Jr., were much like the rest of us, Human! We would be less than Human if we were to attempt to denounce their positive contributions to the world. Hey, if there was Internet, txt messages, and google in the time of Christ, we would learn some shocking information, rumors and gossip about that great ONE. Malik Jubal mjdivineone@yahoo.com
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DasBoot
I accidentally cross-dressed today.
12:02 PM on 04/10/2011
The fact that Malcolm X's alleged homosexuality receives that much attention is a sad comment on the state of sexual tolerance in this country.

Since the Kinsey Report of 1948, we know (or at least should know) that homosexual behavior such as mutual masturbation among male teenagers is quite common.

And if Malcolm continued sex with men even in later life, so what? If there is strong, if circumstantial, evidence for this, any good biographer will include it in their account of a person. It's their scholarly duty. Given the late professor Marable's credentials, it is clear that he did not mean it as a "slander" at all. If anybody feels offended, they should look at themselves.
11:03 PM on 04/09/2011
the title of this piece is misleading. the certainty reflected in the assertion that "malcolm x was gay for pay" is not supported by the text. the author, the esteemed dr. marable, simply says that there is circumstantial but strong evidence for such an assertion. on page 66 marable writes, "based on circumstantial but strong evidence, malcolm was probably describing his own sexual encounters with paul lennon. the revelation of his involvement with lennon produced much speculation about malcolm's sexual orientation, but the experience appears to have been limited." i am writing this to encourage a critical reading of the text and the claims contained therein. the revelation of potential engagements in same-sex sexual acts on the part of malcolm is cause for neither celebration nor anger. nobody should be dismayed or alarmed or surprised in any way by the evidence discussed by marable. sexual complexity has always been and always will be a part of the story that must be engaged honestly and openly. folks should read the text, if not out of respect for a great man who labored to deliver us the text, to better understand a complicated man and the complicated power arrangements in which he was positioned and against which he bravely struggled. if this text opens questions that contribute to the queering of black studies (and black liberation generally) then students of power and struggle are all better off for it...
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Heru1
03:07 PM on 04/23/2011
"if this text opens questions that contribute to the queering of black studies (and black liberation generally) then students of power and struggle are all better off for it... "

You want to queer Black Studies? You reveal your agenda, and Marable's. Ugh.
04:41 PM on 04/25/2011
Far too many people have been falsely convicted in courts of law and sent to serve long prison sentences based on "circumstantial but strong evidence" that turned out to be a complete frame-up. It just seems wrong to make sensational claims that you can't really prove. A letter is no real evidence of anything; people lie and exaggerate events they describe in letters--it's probably easier to sell a lie or tall tale in a letter than it is when your intended audience is sitting in front of you, watching your facial expressions as you spin the tale.
I'm also skeptical of the so-called evidence of Betty's affairs. Are there letters, in her handwriting, making such claims? Just because she reportedly threatened to "seek satisfaction elsewhere" doesn't prove that she did--it's not unheard of for one partner to express such dissatisfaction as a wakeup call for their partner to step up his/her game and "take care of home", so to speak.
And given Charles Kenyatta's history over time: I'd hesitate to given unquestioned credence to any statement he made concerning intimate involvement with Betty--if indeed he ever made such claims. For some reason, this reminds me of Tupac releasing a song claiming he slept with Biggie's wife--only the wife knows whether this was just some macho posturing or not. Betty and Kenyatta are both dead;so unless someone was in the bedroom with them watching; there's no real way to know the truth.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Lowell Thompson
Artist, writer, recovering adman
03:05 PM on 04/09/2011
First, I want to thank the HuffPost editors for letting me have my say....and not even censoring my uncomplimentary comment. I'm encouraged to get back into the fray(ed).

But I also want to say that my comment about Malcolm X below is not meant to diminish the respect I had and still have for him and any "black" man in "this guilty land" who has the strength, courage and smarts to fight for right against our nation's almost 400 year-old campaign of wrongs against AfrAmericans.

It's relatively easy for me and professors like Marable to sit in the relative safety of 2011 America and criticize folks like Malcolm, Dr. King and even (though I disagree with him sometimes) Louis Farrakhan. They all have fought the good fight against an almost unimaginable evil.

I just hope young folks reading about them now understand the magnitude of their sacrifice.

http://buythecover.com
10:05 AM on 04/09/2011
Ok maybe it's just me being slow... but what part of the above eulogy even remotely suggests homosexual behavior on Malcolm's part? And what documentation supports these claims? All I'm seeing in this article is alleged second-hand information. And as far as Bruce Perry, did he ever provide his source(s) of information or is it a marketing ploy to promote his book?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Toka248
11:05 AM on 04/11/2011
The eulogy does not suggest that. The author of the article makes the claim that the eulogy makes it more difficult to accept that Malcolm performed sex acts with other men. Regarding documentation, I would recommend taking a look at the book. Seeing that Malcolm is no longer with us, pretty much everything is second hand.

The black community has a huge opportunity, IMHO, to become more tolerant of LGBT people with this revelation. I fear a knee-jerk homophobic reaction in the community though. It's pretty well known it is more difficult to be an LGBT person if you are black, and things like being "on the down low" or the way the black community votes on items like gay marriage support that. This could be a very beneficial re-alignment for all. (I'm not intending that Malcolm be used for a gay agenda, just that the light shed on his past may make others feel more at ease.)
04:00 PM on 04/25/2011
Sorry, but this sort of behavior is nothing new in poor communities. Richard Pryor told numerous jokes about this same issue as part of his growing up poor in the Midwest. In fact, it is a worldwide phenomena related to extreme poverty--remember when HIV was first discovered and erroneously labeled a "Haitian disease"--because rich tourists came to that country for paid sex with the desperately poor of both genders. And with so many members of impoverished groups confined to our nation's prison for extended periods of time; it's not hard to conceive that any number of predominately-heterosexual men have had sex with other men under certain circumstances. Don't assume that the black community does not know these facts; regardless of attitudes expressed publicly or in the voting booth.
04:11 PM on 04/25/2011
I believe those anti-gay marriage campaigns relied upon cynical manipulations of black women's fears. For so long, black women were told that studies showed that they had a better chance of being struck by lightning than easily finding a marriageable partner. Then, they were told that gay marriage was somehow an added threat to their already-poor marriage prospects. Now, they are being attacked for their reproductive choices. If black women have developed a "siege mentality", then who can blame them? So much scorn and disrespect from cynics who want to exploit a group's societal-imposed insecurities for their own political ends; it is head-spinning.
06:18 AM on 04/09/2011
Wat a time to bring it 2 the light now!...SMMFH!!
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02:54 AM on 04/09/2011
It is disappointing to see that the only thing you can focus on is Malcolm sexuality. Your point of view highlights the level in which African American social discourse has descended, Animalist and materialistic.

After reading the book, I come away with a deeper understanding of Malcolm as a black man, and his humanitarianism. The book shows Malcolm evolution from a pimp and hustler, to a cultivated compassionate human being.

Malcolm will be remembering for his wisdom and his power to transcend. He is a wonderful example of a black man breaking away from his slavery self-image and the idolatry of Elijah Mohamed.
12:03 PM on 04/08/2011
`There are many young Black, bi-sexual and gay men in America's rural and urban centers who are doing the same thing Malcolm is said to have done as a teen trying to make money and sustain himself. I am sure that there are many Black men and women straight and gay who read this article and are aware of this fact in their communities. Black people, no, Americans, must realize that this kind of behavior has always been common through generations. But we tend to deny and over look it. I am sure that Malcolm X is not alone among great historic figures who was involved in some form of same-sex behavior at one point in their lives. remember, he was bi-sexual,so he could turn-on and turn-off his Gay behavior with the flip of a switch and it would never be detected unless he was caught in the act or admitted it!!
01:55 PM on 04/09/2011
What??? You must be gay yourself. What you said was a round about way to justify gay acts. Stop using Malcolm as a way to do that. Very disrespectful for someone who a difference for you.
05:12 PM on 04/10/2011
I almost agreed with you until you used the word bisexual. Anytime same-sex relationship is done under some kind financial arrangement, it's almost irrelevant it to describe it as bisexual. The heterosexual person is more moved by his financial needs than his sexual cravings.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Lowell Thompson
Artist, writer, recovering adman
08:25 AM on 04/08/2011
No disrespect, but Marable might be glad he's dead considering the firestorm that will undoubtably be fanned by this SHOCKING revelation.

I'm not that surprised (if it's true). I had concluded years ago that Malcolm was, not unlike Eldridge Cleaver a brilliant, extraordinary, fanatical chameleon who transformed himself to whatever his latest passions dictated. Some people are just born with too much talent for persuading others - and deceiving themselves. Malcolm may have been one.

http://buythecover.com

BTW: This is my first comment here on HufPost in about 3 months. I took a time out after noticing how much they censored me. I hope this makes the cut. If it doesn't, I outta here...again.
07:49 AM on 04/08/2011
Where is the proof? Documentation? It is easy to slander the dead...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bill J4321
12:29 PM on 04/08/2011
Why would the revelation that Malcom X was not solely heterosexual be 'slander?'

Is their something 'slanderous' about being LGBT?

You say very, very much about yourself with that choice of word.
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Heru1
03:26 PM on 04/23/2011
A false allegation of homosexuality is defamatory per se. Look it up.
01:35 PM on 04/08/2011
And it's just as easy for the living to lie. Again, as the article states, the life of a street hustler ( and especially at that time) is lived on the very edge of whats acceptable on all fronts. I also think its important for us to separate Malcolm Little, hustler, from Malcolm X, Black icon.