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Jalees Rehman, M.D.

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Judging a (Holy) Book by Its Cover: Personal Appearance and Faith

Posted: 04/20/11 08:07 AM ET

There are a number of Latin phrases that have survived millennia, because they contain immortal pearls of wisdom. In a world that is increasingly using Twitter and short SMS text messages to communicate, these Latin phrases may experience a renaissance, because they are often concise and profound. One of my favorite Latin phrases is "barba non facit philosophum", which roughly translates to "a beard does not make a philosopher". It means that it takes much more than a beard to become a philosopher and thus highlights how important it is to distinguish between the outward appearance of a person and their actual knowledge, intellect or other abilities. This tweetable phrase is not just applicable to philosophers and beards, but can be broadly applied to people of all ages, backgrounds, professions, cultures and gender. It reminds us of how we often overemphasize the outward appearance and this adage rings just as true today as it did when it was first used. It also lends itself to be adapted to contemporary issues.

The adaptation that I like to use is "barba non facit muslimum", which is supposed to mean "a beard does not make a Muslim", even though I realize that "muslimum" is not a Latin word. Many Muslim scholars feel that the Islamic tradition encourages Muslim men to have beards. While the Quran itself does not directly link piety with having a beard, over time, many Muslim communities have developed a vague expectation that pious or devout Muslim men ought to have beards. I have also on occasion heard comments about Muslim politicians or public figures who are involved in corruption or fraudulent activities that they behaved dishonestly, "in spite of having a long beard". Even though these comments are said jokingly, they do underscore the implicit link between the character of a person and their outward appearance. When asked specifically about the importance of a beard relative to other aspects of the Muslim faith, most Muslims will likely answer that the compassion and charitable behavior of the individual are far more important than whether or not he has a beard. However, such "inward" characteristics are difficult to ascertain during passing encounters, while the presence or absence of a beard is much easier to determine.

The "barba non facit muslimum" phrase can also be interpreted in an expanded manner, and refer to the outward appearance of Muslims in general. The wearing of a head-scarf (hijab) by Muslim women is encouraged by a number of Muslim scholars. As with the beards of Muslim men, members of the Muslim community sometimes consciously or subconsciously perceive the presence of a head-scarf as a sign of piety of the individual. On the flip-side, there may be an implicit assumption that the absence of a hijab may indicate less piety. Most religions including Islam discourage humans from judging each other's piety. Piety is a diffuse and not definable concept and if there is any judgment to be passed, it is generally thought to fall in God's domain. However, we humans seem to indulge in passing judgments on each other. The outward appearance is much easier to evaluate than "inward" characteristics such as compassion or humility, which lie at the core of most faiths. Therefore, the combination of our desire to judge each other with our intellectual laziness may have resulted in an over-emphasis of the outward appearance.

The over-emphasis of the outward appearance in matters of faith comes at a certain cost, because it diverts time and resources from more pressing issues. One such example is the question of universal healthcare in the USA. Caring for the sick and elderly is a central tenet not only of Islam, but also of most faiths and humanist belief systems. As a strong supporter of universal healthcare and as a Muslim, I would have wished a much stronger involvement of American Muslims in the discussion about universal healthcare proposed by the Obama administration. I participated in two events organized by Muslim organizations in the Chicago area to discuss the issue of universal healthcare. Unfortunately, the interest in this topic was rather limited and the turnout quite low. On the other hand, lectures or discussions about "modest Islamic dress" are often packed with members of the community. Another example is the recent ban of face veils (niqab) in France. This enforcement of the ban by the French government has resulted in a barrage of Op-Eds, articles, talks and blogs by Muslims in America. Some see the ban in France as an infringement of civil rights, while others argue that the ban will help the integration of Muslims in France. All in all, it is surprising that this ban that affects perhaps only 2000 women in France has evoked such passionate responses here in the USA, while the activism for issues such as healthcare and education, which affect millions of Americans, has been comparatively muted.

Choosing an outward appearance that is compatible with one's faith is a personal decision. However, we have to constantly re-evaluate our priorities and make sure that the time, efforts and resources devoted to the outward appearance should be in some measure of proportion to its actual importance within the faith.

 

Follow Jalees Rehman, M.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/jalees_rehman

There are a number of Latin phrases that have survived millennia, because they contain immortal pearls of wisdom. In a world that is increasingly using Twitter and short SMS text messages to communica...
There are a number of Latin phrases that have survived millennia, because they contain immortal pearls of wisdom. In a world that is increasingly using Twitter and short SMS text messages to communica...
 
 
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09:53 AM on 04/26/2011
Some of the most deceitful, arrogant and unkind people I know are women who wear headscarves and men with beards.

It's what you do, not what you wear that counts.
03:19 AM on 05/01/2011
All of the deceitful, arrogant and unkind people I know are women without headscarves and men without beards, so your argument is moot. The pious person will exhibit their faith inwardly and outwardly. Those that you know with headscarves and beards are deficient in their faith, just as those who do good deeds, but do not cover their 'Awrah are also deficient.
thebigbike
ran away to be a cowboy
04:16 PM on 04/25/2011
the factors of personal appearance that are chosen ( short of plastic surgery) ALWAYS signfiy something about the person's engagement with the society around him or her. Moving form one soceity to a largely different one, rejections of some of the widley accepted norms of appearance, dress and behavior of the new society can have signgicant negative effect on the acceptance into that new society. Particularly if one is supposed to have moved to the new society seeking a range of benefits that new society provides which the old one doesn't

wear a burka in france and don't be surprised if you are not accepted, or even more negative atitudes are encountered. the parameters of the social contract which underlies western "liberal democratic" socieity DOES include certain ranges of dress and conduct. Place yourself outside those, and don't be surprised at rejection or worse. As western europeans and americans discover repeatedly in their engagements on the home soil of middle eastern cultures.
06:36 AM on 04/24/2011
To the author of this article, I would like to politely point out that it is more than just the opinion of scholars that Muslim males "ought to have beards". It is an actual "amr", or command, to grow the beard, just as Muslim women are commanded to wear a khimar. It is more than just a personal preference.

I have often heard the weak argument that it us better to be pious and forego Islamic dress code than to observe Islamic dress an be corrupt. It's like saying that it is better for a student to pass all of their tests and not do their homework than to do the homework and fail their exams. Given that both are required to pass a class, both scenarios are wrong, as the student would have to both do their homework and the tests.

Likewise, in Islam, the believer who wants to go to Jannah needs to observe the inward and outward requirements.
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Mr Hoodoo
"I Wish I Could Talk In Technicolor"
01:01 PM on 04/22/2011
Tommy Chong's lookin' pretty good for being 73.
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bokhattak
Novelist, Muslim, Nerd.
12:11 PM on 04/22/2011
I'm an American Muslim and my dress is (mostly) consistent with general Islamic requirements for men. Yes... there are is also a dress code for Muslim men. This doesn't include a two-foot-long beard nor is any of it misogynistic. Those are, more often than not, pre-Islamic behaviors that Muhammad (PBUH) actually made attempts to reform. After his passing, however, a good deal of "sayings" dubiously attributed to him brought Islam back in line with the cultural norms of the region.

All that said, most modern American Muslims that I know fervently believe that dress code should be based on individual choice. I choose not to have a full, long beard just as my wife chooses not to cover her hair, face or forearms. We both dress modestly and reasonably by Western standards and perhaps "scantily clad" by Saudi standards. That, however, is our choice.
09:54 AM on 04/22/2011
It is humans who judge humans based upon appearances, and in more ways than just as pertains to religiosity. Premature judgment and reliance upon past conclusions characterize human behavior generally. It is pleasant to think that there is a God who sees through such foolishness.
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solitude1951
09:44 PM on 04/24/2011
Man..if it takes good looks to be spiritual then I'm SOL.
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Saidas
09:03 AM on 04/22/2011
So by this logic, if one cannot be a truly holy Muslim without a beard, this must mean women cannot be truly holy Muslims.
03:20 AM on 05/01/2011
The command to grow beards is only for adult males, so your trolling has failed.
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iLdoRight
Encouraging The Rightest Rightness
07:49 PM on 04/21/2011
In the Bible there is a verse that says, "man looks on the outward appearence while God looks on the heart". Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men's minds ? Did you ever wonder how often there would be a real odor coming from the people of Jesus time ? If they were a "good" person, would that make them any less ?
02:38 PM on 04/21/2011
You character is much more important than having a beard. The emphasis on the beard is due to a couple hadiths saying Muslim men should not shave their beard because they should not be like the non-Muslims. Personally I think it is entirely up to the individual and having a beard is in no way a statement of how much faith a person has but those who wish to follow the Prophet (SAWS) typically grow beards. I have a beard and although I find it annoying at times I do like be recognized as a Muslim by other Muslims, considering I am a white American.
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
11:27 AM on 04/21/2011
Well, I think there's a difference between 'a dress code' and 'expressing being a religious functionary/observant type. (With the photo on this article, I was expecting this to be a bit broader.) Certainly, connecting 'beards' and 'wise males' is among the things that seems to run across *most* cultures, at least at some point or other, even in some cultures (like our own going back to Classical times) that otherwise associate clean-shavenness with 'being civilized.'

Where culture and organized religious orthodoxies overlap, especially when there is then an interaction with different peoples of both or either, there can be confusions on the meanings of a lot of things: we usually hear about it when there are conflicting authorities, or between authorities and societies that emphasize freedom from coercion by such. (However there may be double standards in play.)

It's kind of interesting as a Pagan in America, to have watched how such things have developed over the decades, not to mention the impressions and expectations of others, (Like with with so many other religions, they identify us by the 'loudest' examples (Or who they *think* are noticeable examples: a lot of people expect just hippies and Goths, who may indeed not be Pagan at all, ...) and don't notice the 'hey, you look just like us,' types. :)

We have no real 'dress code,' but sometimes there are conventions and expressions that have religious/spiritual *meaning* that are common. Rules and "rules" interact differently.
09:15 PM on 04/20/2011
This resonates with my past. There was a teacher who followed the way of Reb Nahman of Breslov. This individual was clean shaven and his filament thin side curls (peyot) were tucked behind his glasses. He wore business suits fore he shied away from the Hasidic garb. He had a name for other Hasidim, "Clothing Hasidim," since they emphasized dress. Hasidism according to this sage refers to the inner life of the individual as well as his moral conduct and not dress. It is a way of life within Judaism. The followers of this teacher likewise dressed in modern (Western) clothes.
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Wes Isley
Writer and interfaith minister
09:06 PM on 04/20/2011
I can't speak to Muslim practice, but in my own experience growing up in a Christian environment that unfortunately put more stress on appearance than on action, this is an important issue for all people of any faith. Does faith influence appearance? Certainly. But as the author points out, appearances can be deceiving. And frankly, appearing holy is easy and anyone can do it. It doesn't take any great act of faith or sacrifice. With that in mind, it is my opinion that God is less concerned with how we look to others--after all, God sees what's in the heart, and that is what matters.
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1jdgriff
Logic Prevails
10:37 AM on 04/21/2011
I agree with you. However, the Christian world (most religions in general) places people in a situation wherein, rather than question or "repent", they simple move along like sheep, or they lie.

I am reminded about what Jerry Falwell once said, "Good Christians, like slaves and soldiers, ask no questions." The same could be said of dictators. They do not want you to ask questions, just continue to send in the money.
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bokhattak
Novelist, Muslim, Nerd.
12:05 PM on 04/22/2011
You have an interesting observation. I was unaware of the Falwell quote - not that he's a source I query often or ever.

I think one of the most under-rated and often-derided players in the Bible is Thomas. Often called "Doubting Thomas", as if that's a horrible attribute, he was an empiricist who wanted some observable evidence.

Note that in John 20:27, Jesus actually instructs Thomas to inspect the wounds rather than accept it blindly. After that moment, Thomas declared Jesus to be his Lord and God, with enthusiasm and joy.

All that said, I fail to see why mindless obedience is currently extolled as a virtue.
07:58 PM on 04/20/2011
God believes it's important for the righteous to judge the wicked.
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french queen13
my beloved is mine and I am his
01:21 AM on 04/21/2011
Oh yes? What about "judge not lest ye be judged"? I've said it before, there's a real contradiction in having "God is Love" as your pic when all you ever say about God is just the opposite.
06:13 AM on 04/21/2011
Instead of informing sinners that, "God loves you", it would be more accurate to say that, "God wants to love you." The real issue is not the fact that God loves humanity for this is commonly accepted except among the unbelievers, but to many, making any moral judgment amounts to judgmentalism. Of course, this leads logically to total moral insanity, since the only way to avoid being identified with judgmentalism is to make no moral judgments whatsoever — which no sane person can do.
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AdamWest1313
Hardcore Agnostic
03:45 PM on 04/24/2011
Judge not, lest ye be judged.

Let he who is without sin, cast the first stone.

How do you figure that God wants people to judge others, when the bible says otherwise?
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soma77
Author, Speaker, Retreat Facilitator
07:06 PM on 04/20/2011
As ordinary men and women we see everything in its outward appearance. God the Father sees everything in His inward appearance because all of creation is within Him. All that exists in this world from the vast universe down to the minutest atom exists in God so only the form changes. God the Father is the eternal witness seeing everything inwardly, and in reference to us he sees everything internally and externally through our eyes. Pure consciousness pervades everything and is the linking force of all that is. Therefore, our duty is to expand our minds and make contact with this force that maintains our life. http://thinkunity.com
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
06:04 PM on 04/20/2011
"The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment: for all that do so are abomination unto the LORD thy God." -- Deuteronomy 22:5

So, there you have it...god said...
If those words are to be believed, God cares about what people wear.

"Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts, as of woollen and linen together." -- Deuteronomy 22:11

Again...blends are bad too.
"Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him? But if a woman have long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering." -- 1 Corinthians 11:14-15

To all those short-haired women...yep.

"I will punish ... all such as are clothed with strange apparel." -- Zephaniah 1:8

I'd like to see the definition of "strange apparel but by standards then, anything today would be "strange." So, I think are all breaking this one...
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french queen13
my beloved is mine and I am his
01:22 AM on 04/21/2011
Synthetic fibres would've sent them into a tail spin ...