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Jane Espenson

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Tinkering With an Outline

Posted: 12/22/11 07:29 PM ET

Greetings, Gentle Readers!

It's the holiday season, and I know that means a lot of you are going to have some long glorious empty days away from work, with piles of new belongings, gradually less exciting turkey sandwiches, and nothing to do but come up with hilarious questions to ask Siri. Has there ever been a more perfect opportunity to construct a solid outline for the feature script that's going to make you the toast of Hollywood next year? Or maybe you've been thinking about a short story or a novel or an excuse to avoid your family by writing a spec pilot about your family. No matter what the project, let's talk about the exciting world of outlines.

Some people tell me that they don't outline because they like to let the story take them where it wants to go, or that they want the characters to start to tell them what should happen. These people tend to all have something in common: they generally aren't taking a break from their hectic book tour. I'm lying, of course. Some very successful writers eschew outlines, although I tend to think these people are working from an unwritten outline that they have spun out of years of experience. Truthfully, if you can do this, more power to you. I just find it very hard and it always makes me have to do a lot of rewriting that could have been avoided.

Here's a good way to think about an outline. You know when Tinkerbell at Disneyland comes sliding down the wire, waving her wand? (Ooh, I want to go to Disneyland right now.) The wire is the outline. The writing is the wand-waving. If the wire isn't straight and stable and attached at both ends, Tink can't make free and confident swirls. If you're not sure what scenes are coming up, or which decision your main character is going to make at the end, it's hard to confidently write all the little quirks and voice-choices and funny bits that make a scene sing.

Personally, I'm a wand-waver. That's the fun stuff, writing action and dialogue that makes a scene feel real or insightful or comedic. And I get to wave because I work in a writers' room (currently the brilliant group at Once Upon a Time) that helps make sure the wire is hooked up in all the right places. This is one of the reasons I encourage aspiring writers to join a writers' group or just find a group of friends with story sense that you trust. Work that outline, get it right, so that you can soar. If you're working alone, you can double-check your work against shows and movies that you like -- if you see what made their structure work, you can give your story a shape that works for the same reasons. There are books that have done this extrapolation for you, too, and classes you can take. Even just a sitting down with Google and "story structure" will reveal treasures.

Start by making a "beat sheet" in which each development in the story is given one or two sentences, then flesh it out until you've got a list of scenes and you know what's going to happen in each one.

If you trust your outline, you'll be amazed at how fast the writing part can be. After all, it's just sliding and swirling. Go ahead, try it. Long may you wave!

 

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02:44 AM on 12/31/2011
thanks jane. i've always Hamlet-ed between "to outline, or not to outline," especially after hearing David Milch's series of talks at the WGA from a few years ago. and with my specs of existing shows, a less-detailed beat sheet has always felt "good enough." but tackling my first original drama pilot this year, i've found that the more detailed and specific i've made my outline, the more intentional my writing is by the time i go to script (on my third pass now). the lifting has never felt heavier, but it certainly feels worth it knowing that the story is finally cracked by putting in that work on the front end.

i've always enjoyed your blog and happy to see you with a column here. look forward to reading more!
07:50 PM on 12/25/2011
I'm working on my first spec script and it took me an embarrassingly long time to sit down and write work out an outline.
I was kicking myself for a few days when the scenes were coming together much more quickly after the outlining than before.
Live and learn.
06:21 PM on 12/30/2011
It's amazing, isn't it. It's like the outline is a little "pre-write" of the script, so you catch problems, or have those moments of invention, when you're still in touch with the big picture. Glad it's working for you!
04:22 PM on 12/25/2011
I love outlines! I follow the Save The Cat Method. What are the outlines like for Once Upon A Time? Are the OUaT outlines seasons ahead? How detailed are they? When you start a season, do you know where the season will end?
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Edward Goodwin
What is the sound of one micro-bio clapping?
01:37 AM on 12/27/2011
I'm struggling with my latest outline, which is rather odd, because I know exactly where it's going...in my head...right through to "The End" I started outlining, in my head, last March, putting only what I considered key elements down on paper. (I carry a reporters notebook and two # two Ticonderogas with me wherever I go. Pens run out of ink at the WORST times.) I did this because I was saving this book for NaNo, I did not want to cheat and actually start the book before November first.

I still have all that info, but I keep getting lured away by the siren call of revisions for the book I finished just one day before NaNo started. (Phew...that was a close one.)

I've discovered that I like revisions. My characters are drawn in broad strokes in the first draft. Emotional arcs that scream "Drama Queen" and "So I'm thirty-seven going on fourteen, you gotta problem with that?" I like growing them up and refining the back-story so that they are (I hope) interesting people and not cardboard cut-outs or, God help me, "Literary Creations."

Writers like Faulkner could get away with Literary Creations because they were so freaking brilliant. Not us mere mortals.

And...I think I'd better get back to it.
06:27 PM on 12/30/2011
If the call to work on the revisions is louder, then I think you're doing the right thing by answering it. Often the great moments are only found once there is a script there to wrestle with.
06:25 PM on 12/30/2011
The Once outlines are just for internal use. Some shows publish their scripts in books -- Buffy did, and West Wing did too, but I don't know of any show that makes their outlines available. I can tell you that Once outlines are very detailed and unusually long. A 50 page script might have a 20 page outline! These really are more like short stories, since they are written in full-blown prose. No shorthand in our outlines. And yes, like most shows, we know where the season is heading. Special work sessions throughout the season keep us focused on the big scheme for the year (and often beyond)
08:15 PM on 12/23/2011
Usually I start outlining and then I get bored with my outline and just start writing. Meaning my story falls apart at some point and I have to outline again in the second draft.

But that's just me. It seems to work more or less, since there's room for spontaneous creativity every step of the way. I've never been part of a team, but I imagine with a room helping you and a lot of the broad strokes already being worked out before you get to start would be an awesomely liberating way to work.
01:59 PM on 12/24/2011
You are exactly right. "Liberating" is exactly the right word -- knowing you have a solid outline doesn't tie you down, it liberates you. And I know exactly what you're talking about with the outlining process. It's possible that the boredom you feel with the outline is actually what happens when you can feel the story losing steam -- writing the scenes won't make this go away, it will make it even more evident. If you can push through and fix the problems at the outline stage, you'll save time later on. But this is easy advice to give and hard to follow -- I do exactly what you're describing sometimes.
03:06 PM on 12/24/2011
Yes!
It doesn't work for me all the time. Just last week I was working on a spec for... er, well, Warehouse 13 actually, and I had four scenes that stood out to me. I wrote them down and laid them out, and looking at them I could almost see the rest of the story so I eschewed the outline entirely and started hammering it out. I didn't even make it to the second scene I'd laid out before I ran into that big ol' wall.

I actually started feeling sleepy when I tried to think of what I was going to do next. Needless to say it's sitting in my documents folder unfinished and judging me.
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Edward Goodwin
What is the sound of one micro-bio clapping?
02:03 AM on 12/27/2011
When I was studying commercial photography, the very first thing we learned were "The Rules of Composition." As my instructor put it, "You can't treat the Rules as the Helpful Hints of Composition until you KNOW THEM."

The rules govern all the graphic arts, architecture and interior design. If you don't know them, you can't fake it. We began studying them on the first day because the goal is to incorporate them so thoroughly into our work that we are no longer conscious of doing so.

To this day, I begin composition before I put my eye to the viewfinder. I don't think about it at all. And it is ENORMOUSLY liberating in terms of creativity. Knowing what I'm departing from, I can control every aspect of composition and create, exactly, what I want. I have noticed that this also carries over into writing.

Not surprisingly, some of the twentieth centuries most famous photographers came to photography from other disciplines. Did you know that Ansel Adams was a classical pianist? And he credited his musical background for giving him the knowledge he needed to create his stunning landscapes.
02:32 AM on 12/23/2011
This is very useful info. I'm a Castle fan(along with many many other) and after every episode that airs, i actually write out what should happen in that particular story line and truth be told...i have had a success rate of 60% which means, that aside from actual details, i do get the outline right about certain episodes and how each story line gets where it should be. If i were to name those episodes, castle fans will know i am right about it cuz those episodes are a hit in the series.
01:56 PM on 12/24/2011
I take this to mean that you predict where the story line is going over the course of several episodes -- this is more about the arc of the season, than it is about the outline for a particular episode. But they are related. Studying a show the way you are doing is a good way to develop an instinct about story. Good for you!
01:30 AM on 12/23/2011
Thanks so much for the advice!!! I found this piece so applicable!
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08:40 PM on 12/22/2011
Great advice, Jane. I'm one who normally hates outlines, but once I got back into creative writing, I found it SO much easier to have those guidelines to keep me where I wanted to go. That way, it was easier to get back into the story during the editing process and add more details.
09:16 PM on 12/22/2011
Oh, I'm glad it makes sense. So much is relative, but this is what works for me.