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Jared Bernstein

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April Jobs Report, First Impressions (Update)

Posted: 05/04/2012 10:04 am

Update below.

This just in: AUSTERITY DOESN'T WORK!

It doesn't work here, it doesn't work in Europe, it doesn't work for state and local governments. I'm tempted to ask how many data points we need to recognize this crucial economic truth, but I'm afraid data points don't have much to do with it.

Another weak jobs report for April, with only 115,000 jobs added -- 130,000 in the private sector -- and a lower-labor-force-induced tick down in unemployment, from 8.2% to 8.1%.

You can see the trend in payrolls in the figure below, with acceleration toward the end of last year morphing to deceleration over the past few months. After last month's disappointing report, I was careful to point out that "one month does not a trend make" and there are some technical reasons -- mostly seasonal adjustments that haven't caught up with unusually warm weather -- to consider as well.

2012-05-04-pyrl.png
Source: BLS


Well, two months doesn't quite a trend make either, but it's getting closer. Average out some of the monthly noise, payrolls are up 176,000 per month over the past three months, compared to 218,000 over the prior three months. So, somewhat of a deceleration on a more reliable quarterly basis. But remember, the 200k trend was just okay -- typically coming out of such a deep trough as was the Great Recession, you'd like to see much bigger monthly numbers than that.

Key points for now with more to come later:

  • State and local governments continue to shed jobs. They would be my first target for stimulus in a sane world. Last month, local education jobs were down 11,000 and they're down about 100,000 over the last year. Next time your friendly politician is jawboning about a) the benefits of austerity and spending cuts, and b) the importance of education, please point out the hypocrisy.
  • A few bright spots worth noting: upward revisions of 53,000 to payrolls March and April and manufacturing keeps on trucking, up 15,000 last month and about 230,000 over the past year.
  • The labor force contracted by 342,000 last month -- that's a volatile monthly number so I wouldn't make a big deal about it, but the low growth in the labor force of late and the low participation rates we've been posting are also indicative of weak demand.
  • Wage growth remains weak, with paychecks for most workers falling behind inflation.

That's the punchline, I'm afraid. Weak labor demand is upon the land, and no one in power seems willing to do anything about it.


Update: A few more observations:

  • One of CBPP's Unemployment Insurance experts, Hannah Shaw, tells me the following: since the beginning of the year 17 states with unemployment rates above 6.5% have triggered off of EB (extended benefits: extra weeks of UI in high unemployment states -- learn about it here), 8 of those states have unemployment rates of 8% or higher. It's possible that some of these folks leave the job market after their benefits run out and that could be playing a role in the low and stagnant participation rate.
  • Hourly and weekly earnings are growing more slowly: 1.8% over the past year for average hourly earnings and 2.1% for weekly earnings. The most recent inflation reading is 2.7%, Mar11-Mar12, meaning paychecks are not going as far as they were a year ago. Nominal hourly earnings have been hovering around 2% for awhile, but increased hours of work were goosing weekly earnings for awhile, which were up around 3% a year ago. That's fading; that's bad for family budgets and for a macro-economy that's 70% consumption.
  • I always like to take a look at the diffusion index in the monthly jobs report. It's a measure of the percent of private sector industries adding jobs, so it provides a quick look at the question of how broad-based hiring has been. Last month, about 57% of firms added jobs, compared to 65% last month, 70% in January, and less than 20% in the heart of the Great Recession. So, a lot more industries are expanding than in the worst of times, but there's been a pretty broad pullback of late.


This post originally appeared at Jared Bernstein's On The Economy blog.

 
 
 

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wmnorton
Moderate where moderate used to be
03:54 PM on 05/05/2012
Funny but the Republican argue that the best thing for Bush2 to have done with the Clinton Surplus was to reduce taxes. The Democrats argue that the best thing would have been to assure the safety net of Social Security and Medicare/Medicaid. As a moderate I feel that the best thing would have been to have given half of the Surplus back to the people as a tax break, but not the way Bush2 did it. Bush2 changed the rates, that assured that the most of the money went to the already rich, instead he should have raised the Standard Deduction. the other half should have gone to pay down the National Debt. Keynes, taught us that when the economy is repressed government should increase spending, but when times are good we should pay off those debts. Almost all of our presidents learned the first lesson, few have demonstrated an understanding of the whole arguement.
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nkurland
I'm going to leave this planet alive
01:09 PM on 05/05/2012
The simple fact that the same people who caused the crisis are now pushing austerity should lead any sane human being to reject the core logic behind it. But even if we overlook this basic fact, it should be clear the strategy has almost nothing to do with economic recovery and everything to do with an opportunistic elite looking to accomplish long desired goals.

The strategy, which involves taking demand out of the economy, is nothing more than that. But more importantly, the benefits accrue exclusively to a small clique at the top of society. Reducing governmental spending involves weakening labor unions and selling off valuable publicly owned assets for pennies on the dollar. Furthermore, lowering basic social benefits in turn lowers the wage floor, which again results in an upward transfer of wealth. And when the resulting contracting inevitably creates instability and raises long term interest rates on government bonds, they benefit yet again.

Austerity has zero redeeming value as the PIIGS are making crystal clear.
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capitaldysfunction
White male never voted Republican
05:12 AM on 05/06/2012
The house Republican reply (in a New Jersey Soprano accent): "You don't wanna cooperate and do what we tell ya? Something bad might happen to the economy."

The American voter's response? Elect a Republican senate and put Mitch McConnell in charge of it to counterbalance the blah in the whitehouse and change the name of the USA to "Post-Reagan America, Land of the Oligarchs".
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DrJykell
Truth hunter
12:26 PM on 05/05/2012
Listen to the pro-austerity crowd--they don't want to speak of the policies that got us here because they're hoping to go back to those same policies----like the Bush policies should no longer be remembered--making it safe for Romney and the GOP to run on that same agenda...

Are Americans really that stupid?
They apparently believe so.----Obama has failed to bring back fully an economy they broke..
Infrastructure investment would of saved my financial status----mine and millions of Americans like me-----which would of added to the consumer demand needed to keep suppliers hiring--not to mention adding to the percentage of renues coming into the govt--SS and medicare...

Instead we only invested in the banking industry----we need to find out what obstruction stopped the obvious solutions needed to lower unemployment---govt investing in the auto industry worked so that should tell all americans where the govt should invest now--

Austerity looks like big business and govt teaming up on the population---as it represents both stopping investment in the American family..
11:01 AM on 05/05/2012
Please. No one really knows if it works or not. It is working in Ohio, Virginia, and Rhode Island and will work in Wisconsin as well. Unemployment and size of government both down. Makes sense since the larger the government the higher the unemployment is what we have been experiencing

I agree forced austerity is a disaster, but then, there was a reason it was forced. So pay now, like trim some of the growth from the government graft, or pay later like in Greece where unions take a 40% hair cut on pensions.
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Hans Littooy
10:58 AM on 05/05/2012
Ah, no, huge deficit spending does not work as it sucks the private sector dry and re-directs those valuable tax dollars into inefficient and wasteful projects. That is exactly what we have witnessed the past 3-4 yrs. Bring government spending back down to 18-19% of GDP vs the current 25% and deficit spending at 3% or less, and you'll see an economic rebound reminiscent of the 1980's! It’s that simple! Successful economies have small governments…
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DrJykell
Truth hunter
11:56 AM on 05/05/2012
That's when we count a drop in the unemployment numbers as a good thing,, right?
We've already tried the Bush policies-----going back would be insane.
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Hans Littooy
02:10 PM on 05/05/2012
Bush had excessive deficits as well. I was not a supporter of the Bush spending - he was essentially acting as a liberal (RINO). Agree going back to big government spending would be insane.
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wmnorton
Moderate where moderate used to be
02:40 PM on 05/05/2012
How big is the government in China? They have been getting the better of us lately, but they spend less than 1/7th of what we do on defense, maybe its not the size but the prioritys that are our problem. Oh bye the way huge deficit spending in WW2 which led to a National Debt of 120% of GDP, did end the great Depression, so it has worked in the past, can you provide the examples where austerity has worked in the past? One other thing, about the 1980's, Reagan had one of the latgest deficit spending progarms of any American president, of course he was protecting us from the Imperialistic Ambitions of Grenada.
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Hans Littooy
03:09 PM on 05/05/2012
Wow, this will be fun. The Chinese government spends about HALF of what the US Government spends as a percent of GDP. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_spending

The reason the US economy prospered after WWII is because most all other countries were in shambles from the war. We were relatively intact and essentially rebuilt the world. You correct though, FDR policies did nothing to get us out of the depression - it was the end of WWII.

And regarding Reagan - he invested in the military to end the Cold War, which we won. Clinton received that peace dividend.

Convinced now that smaller governments result in greater prosperity?? Vote for Mitt and you'll get that benefit.
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DrJykell
Truth hunter
10:55 AM on 05/05/2012
Big business has had it's foot stamping down on consumer demand since the Reagan administration which would of had an effect on the economy if it wasn't for the credit card which allowed consumers to spend ahead of their earnings---keeping up with supply in the economy...

You add govt austerity to that and consumption will drop off,, killing the need for supply which effects hiring and layoffs making prosperity a more seasonal thing---a strong middle class keeps up with supply and sometimes forces suppliers to work overtime or increase the workforce.


China's consumer base is foriegn---their own population never could keep up with suppliers who took advantage of the slave wages----The Chinese govt is beginning to understand the benefits of having their own population of middle class consumers to back up their own economy when the world is in depression/recession----China's economy will storm ahead of America's if they're developing their own middleclass-----something America used to be proud of and backed up the belief in the American dream...

The private sector pulled its money out of the America economy and instead of the new deal solutions that should have kicked in--infrastructure investment---big business proposed austerity.
Obstructions are not solutions unless the idea is keep consumer demand down.


Everything is connected---A Divided America to create a third world America...
10:45 AM on 05/05/2012
4eva, well said!
10:45 AM on 05/05/2012
While all may not be applicable at the national level, it would be interesting to take the largest states in the country, look at what they have done ove the last three years and what is working and what is not
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cyberfringe
When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro.
10:43 AM on 05/05/2012
Assume for the moment that the recession accelerated an existing trend in the US for companies to shed jobs due to automation, technology, off-shoring, temp work and other reasons of efficiency and productivity.  Some of the job losses due to decreased demand might come back, but many -- perhaps most -- will not.  Government spending that is NOT directed at the creation of new industry (industry in which the US will have a competitive edge) will not have an enduring impact on these structural changes in the nature of work. Nobody really knows what a new industry might be or the nature of jobs it will require. However, one thing is certain: Low-skill, low-education Americans are not trained for it and may never be.  My conclusion is that until we have another generation change -- and correct the skill/education deficit-- the US will have a large number of people out of work, permanently.  That is the real social problem of our economy.
11:04 AM on 05/05/2012
Exactly what skills are Americans lacking? Our educational system is not the best in the world perhaps but that is a far cry from "Americans can't do all the complex future jobs we are predicting". Today's students get a far better education than any other generation I can recall since the focus of todays education is on skills and critical thinking, not memorized content. My dad didn't have ipads and cellphones in and out of the classroom, unlimited data flowing freely for anyone to consume, etc. He had an old man with a piece of chalk and maybe a sliderule (and the "card catalog" for weekend study if he could find a library).
Americans can whip the competion on the job site and they have all of the skills anyone else in the world has for these future jobs, however complex they may or may not be.
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cyberfringe
When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro.
11:42 PM on 05/05/2012
(waves flag along side you). Fewer than 50% of the people in the US use the Internet. Most of them don't have computers and wouldn't know what Google or Wikipedia is even if it bit them on their Axe. Most of them don't have the interest or motivation to find out either. Critical thinking? I WISH! Look at the anti-science, anti-intellectual attitude of one of our political parties. That's all fake, for the benefit of corporate profits, but in any case people buy it hook line and sinker. I am very familiar with schools in our country and in Europe and in Asia. First hand knowledge and I'm telling you we are getting our butts kicked. Our kids are years behind, especially in science and math. I would love to agree with you but the reality today is just not so my friend. "complex" jobs is not the half of it.
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Bytown
One way or the other!!
10:37 AM on 05/05/2012
Spin spin spin.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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10:22 AM on 05/05/2012
What it means is that in a reality of ever DECREASING resources you can't spend your way out of debt and into prosperity and job growth. The entire purpose of government has become to....control....in order to grow larger goverment, but that is clearly decreasing revenue resources derived for the PRODUCTIVE private sector. Like any other cancer, as successful as the tumor (government) growth may be it is ultimately...self limiting. America has a rapidly expanding government cancer and our resources are supporting those deadly and unproductive cells at the expense of a shrinking number of viable productive ones.
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4eva
.-.. --- ...- . --..-- / -. --- - / .... .- - .
09:42 AM on 05/05/2012
We wouldn't have 'austerity' if we hadn't been spending like druken sailors for decades.
'Austerity' is merely what we should have been doing all along, living within our means.

Living within means is not 'austere'. It is common sense.
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JudgeMoonbox
10:17 AM on 05/05/2012
"We wouldn't have 'austerity' if we hadn't been spending like druken sailors for decades.
'Austerity' is merely what we should have been doing all along, living within our means.

Living within means is not 'austere'. It is common sense."

If you were caught up in a financial crisis, would you think that asking the boss for a raise would mean you're not living within your means? We did balance the budget under Clinton, but Bush saw that surplus as an excuse to cut taxes. I would expect the advocates of "living within our means" to remember why we've had a deficit for the past 11 years.

Another point: would you say that when an enemy attacks, the civilians run away; therefore the army should do likewise? The government has responsibilities greater than just keeping its own house in order.
12:00 PM on 05/05/2012
You forget to mention that the balanced budget of the Clinton years came under a Republican Congress.

I'm sure your omission was an honest mistake.

EVERYBODY, Republicans and Democrats have had their hand in putting us where we are deficit-wise. Of course, everyone remembers Bush had an awful lot to do with increasing the deficit. And everyone also ought to admit that Obama is making matters worse.
11:51 AM on 05/05/2012
Absolutely absolutely so.

But today too many have been promised and expect services we can not afford to provide without turning to deficit spending. And this population of dependents is consistently growing. Once this group becomes the majority, and it will, they'll only elect politicians who refuse to stop feeding the beast.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Under Fed yet Fed Up
Always great distaste for both political parties
09:42 AM on 05/05/2012
Mr. Bernstein - How can you conclude that austerity does not work in America when it has not been tried?

And please don't try to argue that trillion dollar deficits are austerity.
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RacerX
E pluribus unum
09:52 AM on 05/05/2012
It is being tried.

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/28/four-fiscal-charts/
12:04 PM on 05/05/2012
To Krugman, austerity is foolishly choosing to not purchase something you don't need.
yappnmutt
humping legs for liberty
12:20 PM on 05/05/2012
those charts are the most bogus stats i have seen in a while but i consider the source. inflation is good krugman.
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Caniculus
Anything about that seem unusual to you?
10:31 AM on 05/05/2012
Ok. Let's run with your suggestion. Let's try austerity. Are you willing to put your money where your mouth is?

How much extra are you willing to contribute so we can pay off the debt? Because right now, you are paying record low taxes, and we cannot get out of debt unless government increases revenue. Anyone who is really in favor of decreasing the deficit, should be in favor of raising taxes?

Did you support the war in Iraq? Do you support the war in Afghanistan? Have you paid your fair share for either of those wars? Since no taxes were increased to pay for these wars, let's start by getting all the patriots who favored these conflicts to pony up. Let's pay the war deficit first.

Here is where you can start paying your share of the war deficit:

Gifts to the United States
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Credit Accounting Branch
3700 East-West Highway, Room 622D
Hyattsville, MD 20782

Or are you for austerity so long as it doesn't touch you?
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DrJykell
Truth hunter
11:18 AM on 05/05/2012
It's the ponzi cheme of the century---the son of trickle down--Govt Austerity!
The reason the cost of the wars wasn't added to the budget until 09 in the form of credit card debt to China----was to pile it on and set up the debate for Austerity---which is the opposite of new deal infrastructure spending---which is the divide--R vs D..
11:25 AM on 05/05/2012
Spot on. We are the first nation in history to fight two wars at the same time without raising taxes. The irony is that the Republicans were infiltrated by the Tea Party economists who now want the government to stop expanding the money supply and lower taxes even farther. (You can't make this stuff up!)
So President Romney would have to:
1. Continue the war in Afganistan (since his party is the war party)
2. Lower taxes.
3. Pay off large amounts of debt.
Perhaps the 200 million Dollar Man can pull it off.
09:41 AM on 05/05/2012
What a terrible blog or whatever this writer claims to call this. When you spend beyond your means for decades the cure is not instantaneous and the longer you wait to take the cure the more difficult and temporal it becomes.
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kdraper
Extremely happy
09:20 AM on 05/05/2012
Don't worry, didn't the conservative congress pass a "jobs" bill? We have nothing to fear. Jobs are on the way. Yea, RIGHT!