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Ideology Takes a Breather, Maybe


You have to dig awfully deep to find something good to say about the economic turmoil swirling around us. These are painful times, and as is often the case, the many are paying the price for the recklessness of the few.

Yet if we play our cards right, some deeply embedded and highly destructive ideology may collapse just as hard as an overleveraged investment bank. And the fact that this possibility is occurring a mere few weeks before an historical election...well, all I'm saying is that we may be looking at a valuable silver lining to the storm clouds hovering overhead.

What is ideology anyway, and what's so bad about it? The dictionary says that ideology is simply a set of beliefs that form the basis of a system. Nothing wrong with that. Where you run into trouble is when the ideology itself blocks the system from learning, from self-correcting.

That's been the problem with our politics and economics in this country in recent years, if not for decades. Ideology under this definition has a unique characteristic: it is impervious to facts.

I've seen this through the lens of economic policy. Advocates for supply-side, trickle-down tax policy, both academic economists and top economic officials, continue to argue that large tax cuts for the wealthiest households are the most reliable way to stimulate growth. Yet the evidence belies these claims, with the Bush tax agenda as exhibit A (see also Reagan and Thatcher).

You know what does happen when you cut rich people's taxes? They get richer. In this way, Bush managed to amplify the historically extreme wealth inequality that the market itself was generating over the 2000s, as did Reagan in the 1980s. In contrast, during the 1990s, under a more progressive tax regime, economic growth was much more broadly shared (to be precise, the top continued to pull ahead in those years, but unlike the 1980s or 2000s, middle- and low-incomes grew as well).

So there it is: supply-side ideology is impervious to evidence (stop the presses!). And for a contemporary example, you need only look back to last week, when John McCain released his economic plan to help folks battered by the recession. The plan included a cut in the capital gains tax by half (from an already too low 15% to 7.5%).

As I wrote here, this type of income, such as the profits from selling appreciated assets like stocks, is so concentrated among the wealthiest families, that only 0.2%, or $4, of the gains from this cut will reach middle-income folks. Yet smack in the middle of the worst financial crisis since the Depression, this is what a presidential candidate comes up with.

Okay, you're thinking, that's politics. It's no blazing insight to point out the politicians espouse bad ideas driven by some decrepit ideology, nurtured by the lobbying machine that benefits from the spoils.

But the ideological stench goes--or maybe 'went', if we're smart--much deeper. When asked the other day for a simple explanation of what caused the financial crisis, I answered "Ideology." You may think "greed" is a better one-word explanation, but my theory is that greed is a constant. Folks, whether on Wall St. or Main St., are no greedier today than yesterday (an assertion without proof, but I'll bet it's true). What's changed is an ideologically-driven politics that allows and amplifies greed, instead of checking and constraining it.

In financial markets, this manifested itself in the belief that market forces themselves would control greedy impulses, punishing those who took positions that were unsupported by economic fundamentals. Lenders who made bad loans would be disciplined by losses; bets on derivatives would help us manage risk, not, as ultimately occurred, amplify risk beyond our wildest fears. Investors would quickly recognize those banks that borrowed too much to support their operations, and would avoid them until they got their balance sheets in order.

There were, of course, people whose visions were not blinded by ideology who warned about these excesses. Years ago, the head of one of the financial regulatory agencies tried to regulate derivatives but she was blocked (Greenspan said at the time, "Regulation of derivatives transactions that are privately negotiated by professionals is unnecessary.") Ned Gramlich warned the Greenspan Fed in the early 2000s that the subprime market was becoming unhinged, but again, the ideologues in charge failed to act, assuming self-regulating markets would take care of it. My colleague Dean Baker recognized the housing bubble long before it popped and loudly warned about it, yet he was unheeded, dismissed as a pessimist who simply didn't understand the perfect machinations of markets. I wrote a book about the trouble this type of economics--I called it YOYO (you're on your own) economics--was causing.

So what makes me think we have a chance to change all this? What evidence suggests that the next time Dean identifies a bubble, or Krugman points out a policy mistake in action, or some regulator actually tries to do her job, someone in power might listen to them?

Well, actually, quite a lot. Jeez, it's the George W. Bush administration that's nationalizing the nation's banks! Talk about ideology on holiday. Not that you'd want to read too much into that...I suspect Bush himself doesn't really get what's going on. But there is no spring in the step of conservative ideologues these days. They've seen their model crumble, and history is quickly passing them by. They may clutch their Milton Friedman texts and rage against the most extensive government intervention in the economy of their lifetimes, but no one is listening to them.

Last week's final presidential debate was also instructive in this regard. As Joe Klein (that's Joe the journalist, not Joe the plumber) nicely deconstructs it here, McCain was "...locked in the coffin of conservative thinking and punditry. He spoke in Reagan-era shorthand. He thought that merely invoking the magic words "spread the wealth" and "class warfare" he could neutralize Obama. But those words and phrases seem anachronistic, almost vestigial now."

Amen. The old ideological blows aren't landing the way they used to, and this has presented an opening for much-needed change.

Which brings us to Obama. When it comes to ideology, I think voters are positively responding to the impression that he is not steeped in the type of ideology that ignores evidence. It's not that he's non-ideological--he's been a Democratic politician for years and a community organizer before that. But he seems to have a strong pragmatic streak. From what I can see, and as an informal advisor I've interacted with him a few times, his approach to policy is to surround himself with all the evidence from all sides, and let the experts make their cases. Then he chooses the answer he thinks will best solve the problem. But the key word is "evidence." You will not convince him with fact-free arguments about trickle down, any more than you will with "victory must be ours."

The contrast with Bush, or with McCain/Palin (especially Palin, who seems particularly unburdened by facts) is stark, of course. And it is this confluence of events--a economic cataclysm born of stubborn ideology; an historical election where reality-based pragmatism is offered as an antidote to yet another dose of the same failed agenda--that yields this potential opportunity.

The polls suggest the majority of the electorate may be on the verge of showing these ideologues the door. Not a minute too soon...really, quite a few years too late.

You have to dig awfully deep to find something good to say about the economic turmoil swirling around us. These are painful times, and as is often the case, the many are paying the price for the reck...
You have to dig awfully deep to find something good to say about the economic turmoil swirling around us. These are painful times, and as is often the case, the many are paying the price for the reck...
 
 
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06:42 PM on 10/25/2008
Today is Oct 25, 2008 No Change: Bush made a speech saying he wants "unregulated markets!"

This is a man who NOW has no useful purpose and should go back to his home in Texas and be very quiet!

It was clear from Senate Testimony of Paulson's flunky Kashkari ("Cash and Carry") that he wants to simply hand the banks the money and let them do as they please!

His excuse is that he does not want to interfere in THEIR business!

So TAXPAYERS give BANKS our money and they can payout Bonuses, pay off debts, or take a spa vacation!

It is also clear that Paulson is not FAST TRACKING the bailout of Homeowners!

Bush has run the most corrupt administration in American History and damaged our country and markets worldwide. The Bush Administration must STEP DOWN Immediately After the Election!
02:08 PM on 10/21/2008
Ideology - the study of ideas, there nature and source. Thinking or theorizing of an idealistic, abstract or impractical nature; a fanciful speculation. (Webster) We are voting on a theory, in fact the most notable problem that arises about the continued existence of capitalism is that it is constantly retarded by government intervention stimulated by corporate corruption. Money is necessary for Obama's big success, as such money is necessary for an individuals desired big success. If such funding isn't available create it. Buy it, in-debt it. Why is it that in a time of economic turmoil, where great wealth is in question of where it's been generated from, is Obama spending like a drunk peeing? Idealistically buy it , In - debt it. The system should work, but you can't fall in to the trap of ideal. If 10's of thousands earn a million dollars than a million dollars isn't precious but common. As such a dollar is cheapened. It's a fanciful speculation. Everyone wants it, but it simply must be earned. Large discrepancies in corporate gains with out shared profits is anti - ideal. Ideology is falling down : Impractical nature.
02:34 PM on 10/21/2008
Are we being a little disingenuous about our definitional propaganda, perhaps? The use of ideology in this thread makes no sense if we use what you have extracted from Noah's legacy. What does work, however, is this, from the Oxford English Dictionary(the second half of the first 'thread' there): "that department of philosophy or psychology which deals with the origin and nature of ideas." As such, the 'origin and nature' of your inclinations, to apologize for and otherwise defend bourgeois perquisites and privilege, is clear.

Although the purpose of your propaganda following, about Obama's spending--the charming vision of a urinating drunkard, how quaint--is also clear, the sense of it hides away behind the ideology which you do not acknowledge or own. Ah well, perhaps some day folks will want a conversation that is real, instead of hoping to obtain something by misleading obfuscation.
01:15 PM on 10/21/2008
Lincoln to Douglas: "Good sounding sense is not always good sound sense." This essay merits such a note. It contains useful insights, pertinent facts and observations. However, it fatally mixes up ideology and propaganda, thereby missing the function and analysis of the two, both generally and in our current context of crisis. Moreover, it misconstrues contemporary objective reality through its ideational misunderstanding.

Ideology is tantamount to paradigm. Everyone whose brain function rises above chimps, whether s/he knows it or not, has some set of premises and organizing concepts that guide opinionmaking. These systems, unless critically examined and ruthlessly criticized, do tend to me self-perpetuating. Almost everyone suffers from a 'slow-learning-curve' in this regard; what we know becomes comfortable.

Ruling class ideology revolves around power, profit, and class privilege. To assert that supporting tax cuts for the wealthy--which Clinton showed few signs of eviscerating, btw--is ideology misses an important teaching moment. Propaganda is partial truth presented for a partial purpose by individuals with greater than average knowledge, who want to influence thinking, behavior, or feelings of those who lack facts. The whole economic program since Reagan represents a propaganda coup to support bourgeois ideology.

Today's collapse is not about the ideology, but about an objective failure of capitalism that this posting acts as a different sort of propaganda to cover up, at the same time disguising its own links to the ideology of profit, power, and class privilege that it does not attack.
10:25 AM on 10/21/2008
It is my understanding that McCains plan not only cuts taxes for the rich but for the middle class as well and I guess I don't understand why this is left out. WE ALL GET A TAX CUT. I agree with some of Mr. Bernsteins statements, but not all. For example the government forced banks and mortgage companies to allow loans to be written to those who historically would not qualify in the housing market. Once again government got involved to try and restore equallity where it had no place to be. We as a people can not be held responsible for those who do not spend responsibility. Its not fair for those who were responsible and have worked hard their entire lifes. It could have been directed towards something more positive like college tuition. Think of how many students that would have produced.
05:06 AM on 10/21/2008
Once the hook as been bated ideology is rarely brought up again until all the fish have been reeled in. For republicans it must seem as if everything they believed in had been shredded and sent back to them in a brown paper bag. Dear Mr. Bernstein I particularly like your comment, “You know what does happen when you cut rich people's taxes? They get richer.”
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
billw8017
History looks like this
02:22 AM on 10/21/2008
Voters particularly respond to economic conditions as they read these in their families and among their friends and neighbors. Bush has been an utter failure compared to Clinton, and this is increasingly apparent. Even fair minded Republicans seem willing to admit this. Republicans have been much much more effective in distorting the vote -- not only by inaccurate machines but by frustrating likely Democratic voters in every way. As they persist in misrule in defiance of the electorate it only becomes more apparent that it is time to purge the party.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
super
08:49 PM on 10/20/2008
I will believe in the death of ideology when a war spending bill fails or when a president, ANY president, proposes cutting the "defense" budget... and survives.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
billw8017
History looks like this
02:43 AM on 10/21/2008
A vast complex has arisen to loot the taxpayer in the name of national defense. It's not enough to rage about $4 600 for white beach sand and $19 000 worth of decorative "river rock" at a Saudi military base or about Blackwater grunts paid double what Petraeus, the area commander, gets. It doesn't even matter that millions were spent on a police academy in Iraq that had to be abandoned because the toilets emptied directly into the walls. Our military, the world's most expensive, costs almost 10x what the nation in second place pays. The Russians have more planes; the Chinese have more troops. Our only significant advantage seems to be our naval force, the most expensive military element aside from space, so we will spend more, but in a general way and seeing what Iraqi and Afghan insurgents can do to oppose occupation, we can get by with the second most expensive military force and have more to deploy as "soft" power, power based in the wealth shared by the American citizen.
06:51 PM on 10/20/2008
Sorry, this is incredibly naive. You are correct that some right wing ideologues may be shown the door, but that is completely different from IDEOLOGY being shown the door.

The same market forces and ideology that created the Great Depression have been at work in the current financial debacle - 70 years on, that ideology persists. It's not going away this time either.

There is not going to be a "death" of the Republican Party, or Neocon foreign policy, or right-wing conservative ideology. They may be temporarily out of power after Nov 4, but they aren't going away, unless you believe all right-wingers will have a collective epiphany on Nov 5 and become progressives - I'm not holding my breath.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Artos
Down with Tyrants
06:38 PM on 10/20/2008
Mr. Bernstein,

Since I'm not a Republican or a Democrat I think I can safely say that my point of view is as an outside observer, so..... I would like to offer this advice. Don't count your Chickens before the Fat Lady sings other wise you may be putting the cart before the horse. Don't take anything for granted because tides do change. Right now the Republicans in the Administration are working as hard as possible to get the economy back on track (or at least their version of it). They feel that as long as the Stock Market gets bullish again then they might have a better chance to win the election. They even managed to sucker most of the Democrats into helping with their bailout plan. So don't rejoice too soon. The Democrats must be careful and wary in order to maintain their impetus.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
billw8017
History looks like this
02:53 AM on 10/21/2008
The Congressional Democrats are well intentioned people mislead by bad companions. Actually, I have a good impression of some Republicans if they could only break from their partisan fervor. it seems important for the welfare of this nation that the national Republicans should be purged. Then, we can bring the Democrats to judgment; not before, because the first is so important.
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NABNYC
06:38 PM on 10/20/2008
After World War II, there was a brief period in this country when the national sentiment was that the [white only] working men and women in the U.S. had saved the country and the world from fascism, and were entitled to a good job, decent living, to own their own home, have healthcare, job security, good schools for the kids, and a pension when they hit 65. That of necessity meant redistributing the wealth in the form of taxes to build roads, provide opportunity through the GI Bill, build schools, and create a post-war society for the benefit of the people.

There were always those who opposed the idea of working people being treated with dignity. The people who were against a strong working class devoted their energies to undermining it, first with the anti-communist hysteria of the 50s. By the 1960s the internal war was full-blown.

The ideology to rationalize the theft, lies, torture and murder committed by those who want all the money and complete control is provided by Friedman today. But it was provided by others in earlier decades. The only real question is whether you believe the country belongs to the working people and should be run for their benefit.
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Dibbles
Et cum spiri tu tuo
06:37 PM on 10/20/2008
Our divisive politics, and the ensuing examination of unbridled capitalism, forces upon the next president historic challenges.

Americans have tired of arrogant ideologues, and extremism, but the extremism of the Bush era created a tipping point. We've tired of officials who don't value statesmanship, especially when America's at risk. We've tired of those who think first - party affiliation and the political angle. We crave responsible governance. We demand officials who focus on the responsibilities of office. Not to infect an office held in the public trust with the agendas of the few.

There's been an undercurrent of this arrogance that mutes pragmatism, and dispels any honor to the statesmen who've forged our institutions. This arrogance denies all that's relevant for the petty. This anti-intellectual populism evokes disdain for thoughtful leaders who invest time and energy in reaching out instead of grandstanding and talking points. These ideologues ignore and disrespect what's made America great.

We're lost. We yearn for judgment that evokes fair mindedness; leaders who sacrificed personal gain like Ike, Teddy, and Abe. It's time for change from outrageous conceit that suggests that we somehow, in this age, know better.

Our time is now. America's rebirth will value its past as a source of understanding and an antidote to the issues of today. We will ignore those who fail to respect all that Americans have wrought through toil and blood, and we will see the howling and bellicose as shallow, partisan, and destructive to the American dream.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Antifascist-08
06:23 PM on 10/20/2008
One thing i never hear people talk about is that Capitalism is not a social system. It is an economic system. As with all economic systems, it has its flaws and weaknesses. There is no single economic or social system that is perfect, especially for a country as large and diverse as this one. No single system as defined now can exist without regulation and oversight. Human nature precludes this, as the founding fathers knew.

Should we privatize our law enforcement and use Blackwater instead of police departments? Should we, as McCain astoundingly suggested in the last debate, use thousands of military people as teachers without credentials? Has our utility grid improved with less regulation and more "competition?" Is our health care system really "the best in the world?"

Certain aspects of our country and our lives need to have "socialist" solutions. But why the name calling? Because its political and it is all about money, greed and power rather than serving the needs of the people.

And am I a communist or socialist for even uttering those words? Are we or are we not going to have a country like our forefathers envisioned? Life is and has to be full of rules and regulations. Otherwise it is chaos. The republicans have had their shot at turning this country into a failed fascist state.

Now it is time to put some real thinking to work to develop a new system. Then we can name it.
04:03 PM on 10/21/2008
Good points but, the real flaw is the incessant search for Utopian ideals in all facets of society.
Take healthcare-do we really want to slow down the R&D in the building of the better "Mousetraps"?
Sure academia will be there but, if we had adopted a system similar to Canada and Europe, we would have turned off that spigot long ago. Most Healthcare R&D is focused on this market with the socialist systems the beneficiaries of that reality. When that happens, we must come to grips with the realization that we must accept that premise that "Healthcare is good enough now forever". Sure there will be advances but, they will be slowed considerably.
Put in another way if we had adopted that system 30 years ago, some of use would not be reading or posting here today.
guajiro
posted 5 minutes ago
06:14 PM on 10/20/2008
A nice, concise, pleasantly presented analysis of our current situation. As you say, facts mean nothing to Sara AKA "little Hitler" Palin and certainly much less to those who support them.
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DXM
An extreme moderate
06:01 PM on 10/20/2008
Ideologically driven conservative economic theory is NOT dead nor will it be anytime soon. As was mentioned in this piece, it is not evidence driven and the current crises will not be recognized as evidence that it doesn't work. There is a whole generation of American voters that were raised to believe this conservative "religion". And being a religious belief, it can not be defeated by rational arguments no matter how compelling or fact filled. These people, who make a sizable minority of the American public will fight all attempts to reform our economic system. Mr. Obama (who I hope wins the election) will have a very difficult time instituting reforms especially with the divisions being sown by the McCain/Palin campaign and the conservative news media.
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NJYankee
Dog lover
01:59 PM on 10/21/2008
How true. No system is perfect although many do not recognize this, hence we try it again and again because we forgot the last time it didn't work.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Puller58
Man of Mystery
05:47 PM on 10/20/2008
The trick is that ideology is largely window dressing designed to con the rubes into rubber stamping the status quo at the ballot box. Check out the policy versus the ideology and you'll divergence again and again. Politics trumps all.