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Jared Bernstein

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Guess What's Driving the Deficit?

Posted: 10/11/2012 10:53 pm

Hint: As you see in this new chart from CBPP, it's not the Recovery Act.

Read their update of the factors responsible for the budget deficit for the rest of this decade. Here are my key takeaways:

- Things that get into and out of the system, like the Recover Act and even the TARP, are not the things that drive the deficits;

- Things that stay in the system and remain unpaid for, like the Bush tax cuts, do drive the deficits;

- The downturn itself played a large role, by triggering automatic stabilizers and reducing tax revenues;

- Absent all of this stuff (see the black line at the bottom) there's virtually no budget deficit;

QED:

2012-10-12-defnew.png

This post originally appeared at Jared Bernstein's On The Economy blog.

 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
John David Payne
godisimaginary
11:33 PM on 10/15/2012
Like almost all so called economists and government advisors current or former he misses the point regardless of the nice multi coloured charts. there seems to be a dissconnect in the minds of most people when speaking about debt and deficits, At the moment (9 oct ) the ACCUMULATED NATIONAL DEBT was 16.167932 trillion dollars wheras on Jan 20 2009 the ACCUMULATED debt was 10.626877 trillion dollars. Pointing fingers will not solve it. The AND is 55% or therabout higher now then when Obama took office. The tendency I note is to talk of a yearly deficit and project this into the future. This is poor economics especially in light of the inflationary effects of pumping money 50billion a month into the banks. the banks will probably increase their required capital base on which MR FED will pay them 6% interest. This is the law..The money costs nothing but they get 6% on it guaranteed, so in addition to 600 billion extra dollars creating inflation and skewing the DJIA (as the banks produce NOTHING) by about 30% right now they are guaranteed 36 billion return without lending anything. the stock market looks healthy but it is not. There is currently about at latest count about 1.4 Quadrillion dollars out there in dirivatives, and this is a figure so big it is difficult to imagine, Much of these derivatives will be disposed of by the gamblers...the same guys as last time...no controls ....Obama's choice
08:41 AM on 10/15/2012
The ONLY thing driving the deficit is SPENDING.
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sharonsj
old, cranky liberal Democrat (for the time being)
10:09 AM on 10/15/2012
Correction: Spending more money than you collect in revenue because the Shrub lied us into war and gave tax cuts to the rich.
11:03 PM on 10/15/2012
Spending is spending, doesn't matter where the money goes. The title of the article I commented on was "Guess What's Driving The Deficit". If you don't spend more than you're taking in, you don't have a deficit. My answer is correct, you're reply is an excuse for not controlling spending.

Nice try though.
03:33 AM on 10/15/2012
3&1/2 years to address the problems and in a major election year more excuses.
03:50 AM on 10/15/2012
2000-2008
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
worker beenumbed
08:10 PM on 10/15/2012
Romney is rehashing Bush---far worse
03:11 AM on 10/16/2012
Actually ignoring known problems for years with finger pointing instead of addressing is far worse.
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babyspittle
Fox Fake News kills brain cells
12:06 AM on 10/15/2012
but (R)'s have been spreading the "(D)'s are big spenders" lie for 4 years, so its hard to de-program some of those dub cons.
06:51 PM on 10/14/2012
Using the same analysis, how much money was lost in the JFK/LBJ tax cuts?

For every dollar Bush cut, JFK/LBJ had cut five.

So the deficit must be the fault of the LFK/JFK tax cuts.
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babyspittle
Fox Fake News kills brain cells
12:07 AM on 10/15/2012
That isn't remotely true.

Do you remember before bush was "elected", we had a budget surplus?

Do you understand what happens when you reduce revenue (tax cuts)? deficit grows.

we borrowed trillions to finance those HANDOUTS for the rich
12:57 PM on 10/15/2012
Likewise before JFK was elected we had a budget surplus.

The JFK/LBJ tax cuts for the same rich were 5 times larger than the Bush cuts for the same rich.

Since then we have borrowed $ Trillions to finance the JFK/LBJ tax cuts for the rich.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
John David Payne
godisimaginary
11:46 PM on 10/15/2012
Once again you are confusing things A surplus in one year does not mean no deficit. There has only been one year since the founding of the US where the accumulated national state was in surplus, I beleive it was 1830 Never has this debt ever been paid off. Of course as long as interest rates are behaving the interest on the current ANDebt may be okay. That AND sat at $16.167932 TRILLION as of 9 Oct 2012 (US Treasury info) At 2 % interest the debt will eat up every dollar the govt receives in tax revenue some 322 BILLION dollars for interest. When rates go higher and they will because of outside influence in Europe and elsewhere the AND and the interest on it will be unmanageable andthe US will default You cannot print your way out of this as Bernanke thinks. Start looking for the end of the bread line folks
wsdave
Abusive or Insulting? I won't be responding.
03:48 PM on 10/14/2012
I love how the chart assume that the economy will recover handsomely by 2015, and by more than 2/3 by 2019.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
babyspittle
Fox Fake News kills brain cells
12:08 AM on 10/15/2012
there are no assumptions.

that is current policy, nothing more.
wsdave
Abusive or Insulting? I won't be responding.
01:25 AM on 10/15/2012
Current policy can't control the economy. Those are assumptions.
HSC55
We will be known forever by the tracks we leave
03:56 PM on 10/15/2012
The wallstreet journal came right out and said that no matter who is elected in November we are already on an upswing and 12 million jobs will be created in the next 12 years. Have you seen the stock market lately? It is pretty much recovered. Jobs are a little slower to rebound but will be next.
wsdave
Abusive or Insulting? I won't be responding.
04:07 PM on 10/15/2012
I remember back in 2000, when the CBO said we were on track to pay off the entire debt in 10 years. I recall that it was only about 9 months later that the tech bubble burst and dropped us into recession.
 
 You'll have to forgive me if I don't buy into 10 year projections.
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John David Payne
godisimaginary
11:56 PM on 10/15/2012
sorry but you are living in LALA Land and have lots of company. the stock maket is being driven by "free money" that the bankers got during the prior meltdown. The thing about the banks is that they don't 'produce" anything, but their stock still shows up in the weighting of the DJIA The banks represent stock wise about 30% of the value of the DJIA so the stock market is sitting at about 9000, not 13,000 and change. the wallstreet Journal has been wrong as often as it has been right and there will be no recovery period, only a death spiral and the collapse will hit not too long after the election by the way the 1929 crash had the average about where it is today and then well you know what happened and it is unavoidable with current economic inputs and theory
11:32 AM on 10/14/2012
Must be Old Crow or Scotch and Soda.
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First Blast
res ad triarios venit
09:56 AM on 10/14/2012
The deficit is driven by the burden imposed on the country for the care and upkeep of tens of millions of low skilled immigrants (both legal and illegal)
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chrisfrenzy
I am that one guy who says those things.
11:10 AM on 10/14/2012
Except that nothing in your statement is actually true.
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ritamary
12:39 PM on 10/14/2012
Pure nonsense, First Blast.
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Paul Abrams
04:09 AM on 10/14/2012
Very interesting analysis. Bush-era tax cuts included dividends and capital gains, and estate taxes, as well as income taxes.

I find the comments perplexing (but not surprising). Our citizenry has become less-interested in problem-fixing than in reality-twisting to fit some preconceived idea.

Here's my perspective. I don't care whether tax cuts for the rich grow the economy and reduce the deficit, or whether increasing those taxes and government spending worked. I would like to live a better life, and I want that for my fellow citizens as well.

To those taking pot-shots at your analysis, a few words. When taxes are cut, they "go into the economy" in the form of spending or saving. Some don't--like if you ship them offshore into a tax haven. But, there is an excellent 50 year study just published that shows that a) tax cuts never pay for themselves (Paul Ryan's attempted invocation of JFK notwithstanding, his cut DOWN to 70% only recouped about 1/3 of the lost revenues, and Reagan's "bipartisan" agreement TRIPLED the debt); and b) tax cuts have no impact on economic growth.

Everyone would wish it otherwise. Cut taxes, give me more money, and everyone benefits is great--if only it were true. As untrue, it diminishes our income, reduces jobs, reduces opportunities for young people, and makes our obligations to the elderly more difficult to pay. Reality-twisting has a big cost associated with it,,,,it may feel good, but it hurts everyone.
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ruolivert
12:15 PM on 10/14/2012
When taxes are cut, but the spending remains the same or increased, what ever "goes back into the economy" comes right back out in the form of claims on future income, debt, or its inflated away causing the majority of people to pay higher pricesfor the same amount of goods. When the amount of money that will be spent is not clearly defined, as in the entitlement programs, fiscal policy becomes a shell game as you don't really know how much money you will need to fund them so you can make valid, though impossible to be know if they are sound, argument based on your projection of what the future will look like.
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Paul Abrams
02:45 PM on 10/14/2012
your first sentence is correct...but misses a key point. When we built the Grand Coulee dam in the '30s, we borrowed. But, the Grand Coulee dam not only provided good jobs then (reducing unemployment), it provides irrigation and electricity NOW. So, it is not zero-sum game. Same with my house. I can't pay the full cost now--so I borrow. Yes, there is a claim on my future income, but in the mean time, I am enjoying my home, and I can pay it off over time. If Republicans don't let Wall Street tank the economy and blow up the financial system again, the house may even appreciate in value...just like the Grand Coulee dam.
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cue
Ichi-go, ichi-e
05:34 PM on 10/14/2012
For those who still want to argue that tax cuts "pay for them selves" by creating growth (hence increasing revenue), I suggest looking at http://www.econdataus.com/taxcuts.html

Correlation does not equal causation.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
09:03 PM on 10/13/2012
Borrowing $870 billion from the Chinese and parsing it out to pork projects and political contributors doesn't contribute to the deficit? Of course not. If we really want to get out of the deficit, we should be spending at least $1 trillion more per year. That's how I do it in my home budget - when I run short, I spend more and extra money magically appears in my bank account.
USBrit
And GOP Jesus said, I am come to help the rich.
09:21 AM on 10/14/2012
Brilliant analysis, I suggest you apply for an economics Nobel prize immediately. Let's see, when did I first start making noises about the destruction of the US economy by the 1%ers and government deficits? Oh, yes now I remember, during the second Reagan term when it became obvious that the heroic Laffer curve should more likely spelled Laughter curve and that supply side, trickle down economics was a farce. When the deficit tripled during Reagan's term and even Reagan got scared enough that he raised taxes over 11 times in various ways, but of course never on the wealthy.

So of course your home spun humor solution ignores the other side of the equation, if one is short of money perhaps one asks the happy check provider/employer for a raise, or go find another employer or get a member of the house hold to find work. Nope, of course the only answer is to slash spending, which let me know how that works when you stop paying the mortgage or the electric bill because since you've decided bringing in more income is never an option you will at some point discover you cannot cover those bills either.
01:00 PM on 10/14/2012
Lol. Excellent reply. I like the cut of your jib sir!
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02:04 PM on 10/14/2012
Government, regardless of which party is in power, has an insatiable need for more money.  Giving them more, by increasing taxes on anyone, does nothing to solve the problem that they spend way more than they take in.  Keynesian economics was proven to be wrong during the Depression.
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Ferrariqx
Who's NEXT?
02:55 PM on 10/16/2012
Your simplistic attempt of an analogy just doesn't work. Indeed, it is so elementary and irrelevant that it hardly requires any response.

I'll start with two points! I've got $50 that says you have ZERO idea how the US Government "borrows" money from China. I've got another $50 that says you don't even know that "borrowing" is a misnomer and that the US has ZERO obligation to make good on the "borrowing." You don't know because you have zero idea of the "borrowing" mechanism.

NEXT!
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06:11 PM on 10/16/2012
Wrong, bucko!  I know well how it works, and the obligation exists to pay off the bonds.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Waterlooboy
Alba gu Bràth
04:54 PM on 10/13/2012
Look at the blue and light blue in 2012 (recovery measures and economic downturn). That's what's driving the deficits. In other words, Obama's policies. No growth, no wealth creation, no new businesses, companies refusing to expand because they're afraid what this president will do.
09:10 PM on 10/13/2012
Since Obama took office, the Dow has doubled, my 401k is up 110%. the S&P 500 is up to a 12 year high. Corporations are making the most profits in the history of the world. Jobs have been added for 30 straight months (totaling 5 million private sector jobs) Osama is dead and General motors is alive! I'm voting for Obama.
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ruolivert
12:18 PM on 10/14/2012
The stock market has been pumped by cheap money from the Fed. Corporations are making record profits because of cost cutting, i.e. reducing wages hours and benefits, and from inflated commodity prices. The majority of jobs being added to the economy are part time or don't pay enough to keep people from needing government assistence. Couple that with the fact that labor force participation has trended downward for many years means we've got the illusion of a healthy economy.
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John David Payne
godisimaginary
12:13 AM on 10/16/2012
okay whoa a minute The DJIA on Jan 20 2009 was 7929 at closing having opened at 8279 and on Oct 11 2012 it sat at 13,344. So the increase if we use 7929 has been 5395 points, not DOUBLE but somewhere in area of 67 percent and the DJIA Is skewed and has been for almost three years by about 30% as the value of bank stocks make up about 30% of the value of the DJIA, but produce nothing. Hurrah for your 401K for the moment. General Motors still owes billions to the public purse. They are also producing the VOLT and subsidizing it to the tune of about $35,000 per unit. How long will the money last?
USBrit
And GOP Jesus said, I am come to help the rich.
09:26 AM on 10/14/2012
Umm, there has been growth as surely you know, which is a whole lot better than the economic train wreck we were all experiencing under the hapless W administration. And it seems likely you need your eyes checked as there is a massive brown section of the graph that continues on and continues to grow endlessly and is the source of the real problem. I suggest we return to the Clinton era budget and tax scheme as that seemed to be working much, much better than the hapless Bush one or even the Obama one which has left in place so far the deranged tax cuts that Bush and his minions of wealthy protectors W put into place.
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ritamary
12:47 PM on 10/14/2012
Tax rates for the wealthy are the lowest they have been since the end of World War II. Bush tax cuts are set to expire at the end of the year. We should let them expire. The top 1% want to enjoy all the benefits of society but refuse to pay their fair share.
thebigbike
ran away to be a cowboy
02:25 PM on 10/13/2012
maonfg the other deficit drivers are "defense" department weapons systems and the presence of US troops in Afghanistan ( and Korea and Guam and Germany and Japan and ........

A significant part of the Defense Department IS spent for Defense. Much of it however belongs more properly to the old name -- the Department of War.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:55 PM on 10/13/2012
http://www.warresisters.org/pages/piechart.htm 54% of our f taxes goes to wars. You got it.

Money spent on the citezens, goes directly into the economy.

Money spent on wars, off shoring, and bankster gambling leaves the economy.
USBrit
And GOP Jesus said, I am come to help the rich.
09:28 AM on 10/14/2012
Great chart, me likee! Thanks.
01:28 PM on 10/13/2012
Jared, you are missing the bigger issue.

The deficit is driven by a failure of consumerism. Focusing on tax cuts helps, on unnecessary war spending helps...but it fails to address the systemic problem that is shutting us down:

We have a mismatch of consumers to productivity. Got it?

Consumers drive the economy...but not if they are locked out of profit sharing.
We have 20% OVER-capacity to produce which is the same as saying workers are paid 20% less than they should be.

We are paying US workers too little, Jared. Capitalism demands the lowest pay necessary but a capitalist economy requires consumption equivalent to production. We have tipped into a death spiral with wage cutting acting like a computer virus in our mainframe.

The result of the wage cutting of the past 3 decades is this current wealth disparity problem. We have grossly underpaid workers with insufficient resources to cover the day to day consumerism we need...forget about these workers having retirement savings (what a joke!).

Our bonus-culture to executives, our winner-take-all misallocations, our focus on rewarding the "job creators" with no regard to the general economy/consumer...this is poisoning our capitalist system.
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ThaLunatik
06:29 PM on 10/13/2012
Well said.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:59 PM on 10/13/2012
The concentration of wealth in the top 1% clots the economy.

War, off shoring and bankster gambling chips all hurt the economy.

High personal income and gains taxes, with a great citizens safety net will restore our economy.

Free education, healthcare and modest room and board for all who need it.

Strong, healthy educated citizens will make the USA a great country again.

We need to unionize the entire workforce and renegotiate the balance of fund between the owners, executives and producers.
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John David Payne
godisimaginary
12:19 AM on 10/16/2012
Free education and free healthcare? if you think healthcare is expensive now, just wait til its free.
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Mestranger Toall
i wish i could be the person my beagle thinks i am
09:31 PM on 10/16/2012
Unions do nothing more than to make everything they touch get expensive. people are responsable for what they make of themselves and if they are unhappy at work or think they are payed to little they can by free will quit and find another one if that were the case. Employers have a right to pay as they wish as long as it is at or above minimum wage. The more these companies have to pay out for whatever cause you think they are liable for is just going to add the cost onto the consumer then we will still be in the same sittuation as before. You can not ad onto a company and then not expect them to ad it to consumers thats stupid.Companies make money by charging consumers for the costs they pay for pluss an additionnal % for profit thats how it works
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
10:19 AM on 10/13/2012
Incredible analysis. If it weren't for the Bush tax cuts and the 2009 recession American would be doing fine right now.
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Alux
Pull the Wool Over Your Own Eyes!
11:02 AM on 10/13/2012
Except it's just a load of . . . stuff.
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lw1
Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!
07:16 PM on 10/13/2012
Again, not very academic sounding analysis prof...
11:02 AM on 10/13/2012
Yes, but 98% of the money from the Bush tax cuts went to those making under $250K a year. If they are repealed, the 47% who are not paying Federal income tax will turn into the 17%.
12:52 PM on 10/13/2012
If you look at where rich people don't pay their fair share of taxes it is going to be long term capital claims (disspositions of assets held for more than 1 year). Only a rich person has significant long term assets that they can sell through effective tax planning. This is how Romney and Buffet pay 15% tax (effectively the tax rate on long term capital gains).

Yes Bush enacted tax breaks for people earning less than $250k but most of these people just don't have long term capital assets that they can sell to take advantage of the low tax rates.

I am not against low tax rates but the long term capital gains tax rate is unfair to the lower middle class who don't have extra money to divert into that tax scheme. The fact that 47% of Americans don't pay any federal tax is another can of worms.

This article is nothing more than a defence of the current administrations strategy during a time in which the budget deficit has ballooned to $1.4 trillion. Don't blame us. It was the Bush tax cuts and the recession.
12:54 PM on 10/13/2012
I meant "long term capital gains" not claims. The rich pay a 15% tax on the sale of assets that they have held for longer than 12 months, regardless of their income level.