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Jayshree Bajoria

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Iran and the Arab Spring

Posted: 10/ 7/2011 1:12 pm

The mass uprisings sweeping the Middle East have fed a competition for regional influence as the old order continues to totter. In the thick of things is Iran, which has great interest in the viability of its embattled Syrian allies, the Saudi role in Bahrain, and the leadership turnover in longtime rival Egypt. "The region's strategic balance is at stake," write experts Hussein Agha and Robert Malley in the New York Review of Books. As a sign of alarm over a sectarian shift, Riyadh sent its troops into Bahrain to support the Sunni-minority regime, arguing that protests were orchestrated by Tehran to support the rise of Bahrain's Shia majority. In many countries, "it increasingly looks like a proxy war between Iran and Saudi Arabia," says Christopher Boucek of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Amid this uncertainty, questions remain about how the upheavals affect Iran's regional influence and what that will mean for U.S. efforts to persuade Iran to give up its controversial nuclear program. The downfall of pro-U.S. Arab regimes in the region, an emboldened Arab public angry at Israel and hostile to U.S. foreign policy, and growing assertiveness of Shiites could benefit Iran's standing in the region, and could blunt U.S. efforts to rally regional states against Iran's nuclear program, some experts worry.

Soon after the uprisings in the Middle East began in January, some predicted that "Iran [would] be the main beneficiary of regional instability." Most experts believe the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, which removed Tehran's main rivals, the Taliban and Saddam Hussein, have already enhanced Iran's power in the region. Tehran has also benefited from high oil prices caused by upheavals in the region, which blunted the impact of international sanctions. Iran's control of regional non-state actors such as Lebanon-based Hezbollah and Gaza-based Hamas could also bolster its future influence, say some analysts. "Combined, both organizations can (and when necessary will) muster political support for Iran among Arabs through their control of private media networks," writes Ed Husain of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) .

However, Iran's backing of President Bashar al-Assad's regime in Syria, its tumultuous domestic politics, and the government's crackdown on demonstrations led by opposition leaders in 2009 and again this spring, has limited Tehran's ability to benefit from the Arab uprisings.

The anti-government protests in the region could also travel to Iran, say some analysts, noting how the country faces a youth bulge and rising unemployment, similar to conditions in other Mideast states coping with ferment. Alireza Nader of the RAND Corporation says a potentially powerful civil disobedience movement motivated by environmental, economic, and social issues is also growing in Iran, which could be much harder for the regime to control than the opposition-led Green Movement of 2009.

For Iran's Green Movement to "become a regime-changing factor, it has to essentially recreate itself into a new movement that is capable of challenging the current structure of the Iranian government," expert Vali Nasr says in this video produced by CFR as part of the new interactive "Crisis Guide: Iran." CFR's Ray Takeyh writes that the "Green Movement needs to respond to the challenge of the Arab awakening and move beyond delegitimizing the regime into confronting it on the streets."

The right U.S. policy toward Iran starts with Washington pursuing a regional policy that aligns it with the emerging, empowered Arab public and "denying Iran the ability to exploit the changing environment," writes Marc Lynch of the Center for a New American Security. In Foreign Affairs, Dalia Dassa Kaye and Frederic Wehrey recommend that Washington develop broader relationships within Arab societies. "Helping build economic opportunities and solidify political reforms may do as much to blunt Iranian influence and regional extremism -- not to mention improve the lives of people living there -- as would simplistic containment strategies based on military partnerships and artificial blocs," they write.

This article first appeared on the Website of the Council on Foreign Relations.

 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Charles Queen
I am a disabled nam vet
02:52 PM on 10/09/2011
So now Iran is running their mouths again.This time it's an unfounded story that thy have radar that can pick up small remote controlled drones.If this is so then perhaps we need to put it to the test.If it turns out to be true then we will have to make some modificaions and changes in our drones to keep ahead of the so called radar systems so they cannot detect them
01:46 PM on 10/09/2011
I just prefer accuracy. And it is every day.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Richard Pearce banned
Never let them tell you it can't be done.
08:32 AM on 10/09/2011
It is rather ironic that for the 'Green Movement' in Iran to become a 'regime changing' one, it would have to take positions that would be extremely close to the positions Ahmadinejad promotes.

Further irony is that as the youth bulge turns into a consumer bulge, the American policies that have made 'Buy Iranian' almost the only option for Iranian consumers will make the unemployment issue go away no matter what policies the Iranian government puts in place.

Add in that Iran, with an established (and growing) middle class and hothoused (by American policies) entrepreneurs, and not saddled by politicians of an Islamophobic bent, will have the inside track when it comes to taking advantage of any 'economic opportunities' created by the change in policy to the Arab states the author is suggesting the US adopt, and the premise that these changes will diminish the Iranian power and influence that presently exists in the region falls apart.

But, what adopting those policies will do is keep the US from losing practically all its power and influence in the region, which would somewhat limit how much more Iran will pick up as the dictatorships crumble under economic and social pressures.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Freenation
03:36 AM on 10/09/2011
CFR headed by Dennis Ross a known Iranian hawk and Likud apologist...nice try
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Wozzeck
Pearl Bay, Australia
09:04 AM on 10/09/2011
Ross doesn't head the CFR, but the rest of the description is accurate. Richard Haass, the President, has penned several articles calling for the bombing of Iran's nuclear power sites.
The Board of Directors of CFR, is heavily dominated by Israel supporters, with a few Arab reactionaries sprinkled in for cover.
http://www.cfr.org/about/people/board_of_directors.html
01:40 AM on 10/09/2011
The basic premise that Iran is a threat to the region is mainly held by Israel, neocons and the monarchs and dictators falling to the Arab Spring or squirming because of it.
Siding with the people of the region should begin with acknowledging they do not share those fears.

Iran does not control Hezbollah and Hamas. That language is bunk.
Influence is not control.
The rest of the piece was interesting in giving opinions from a wide variety.

The whole working for the people not the monarchs and dictator idea is good but runs into the brick wall of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and others though.
It is the wise long term policy, but exemptions make it pointless.
09:04 AM on 10/09/2011
'Influence is not control.'

My, aren't we the sophist today.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Atif Ahmed Choudhury
J.D. Candidate, William and Mary College of Law
11:37 PM on 10/08/2011
The Iranian theocracy's hand strengthened by the Arab Spring? Perhaps, if it wasn't for the awkward case of Syria:

http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/06/2011618103354910596.html

Plus, claims of Iran's so-called "hand" in the Bahraini peoples' quest for self-determination is nothing but a scare tactic straight out of the pages of the Cold War:

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/07/red_scare_in_pearl_square

If anything, the "Arab Spring" threatens both Saudi AND Iranian authoritarianism...
07:51 AM on 10/09/2011
The first article is just ranting of a man with an agenda. He has no idea about Hizbollah, Nassrallah or Lebanon for that matter. Confusing an Iranian domestic political events with a freedom movement for the Shias in Lebanon.

The "Arab Spring" so far has been triggered by income disparity created mostly by privatization in the past 15 years, not unlike anywhere else in the world. Various political groups are trying to get the upper hands depending on which country you look at. The US is trying to own the next governments while Iran is working with people. The example of this is no more vivid than what is going on in Egypt.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Atif Ahmed Choudhury
J.D. Candidate, William and Mary College of Law
09:17 PM on 10/11/2011
Mr. Dabashi may have an agenda (and honestly, who doesn't? After all to simply have an ideologically-driven point of view can qualify as an "agenda"), but what he says is fact-Hezbollah's excuses for Assad's brutality (at best, and at worst actively participating in the butchery) while cheerleading all of the other revolts simply makes them dishonest hypocrites. The nobility of their successful removal of the Israeli occupation and the "freedom movement for the Shias in Lebanon" gives no comfort to the thousands of Iranian and Syrian protesters who have been killed, tortured, jailed, and "disappeared" throughout the years.

Furthermore, the ultraconservative theocrats running Iran ought to work with their own people's legitimate social, economic, and political aspirations rather than continuing to repress dissent.

The defend these reactionary mullahs from legitimate criticism is to insult the memory and legacy of the greatest modern leader Iran has had-Dr. Mossadegh.
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fairwayhill
1948 Palestine belongs to the Palestinians
09:34 PM on 10/08/2011
>The right U.S. policy toward Iran starts with Washington pursuing a regional policy that aligns it with the emerging, empowered Arab public and "denying Iran the ability to exploit the changing environment,"

This statement explains US's huge contradictory ME policy. Trouble is, Iran's policy towards promoting democracy in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, Egypt and Tunisia, and fighting to free Palestine from decades of occupation is perfectly aligned to with the "Arab public". As soon as US decides to align its policy to "Arab public", the US's best ally in the region will be Iran. It's time for the US to overthrow the US supported dictatorships of Yemen, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. US's best interest is to seek an alliance with Iran to avoid another cold war against the whole ME, China, Russia, South Asia and North Africa.
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tallen
panem et circenses
10:01 PM on 10/08/2011
Wow---quite bizarre.

>>Iran's policy towards promoting democracy in

You're joking...right?
A brutal oppressive theocracy is promoting "democracy"???
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Richard Pearce banned
Never let them tell you it can't be done.
07:55 AM on 10/09/2011
Tallen, she said Iran, not Israel.

But seriously, though it may be official US and Israeli policy that none of the elections in Iran mean anything, despite them being a pretty accurate reflection of the will of the electorate shown in credible polling,Iran's position has been pretty much a blanket approach that the government of all countries is up to the citizens of those countries, and not something that should be imposed on them by foreigners. Now, you may say that their opposition to the government of Israel is an exception to this, though if you consider the Exiles from Israel to be citizens of Israel, which Israel doesn't, it is not in fact inconsistent.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
blackhawk78
12:38 AM on 10/09/2011
Fairway flipped.
09:25 PM on 10/08/2011
This article reads as, here is we have a problem with Iran building nukes (all unsubstantiated rumor). In order to stop them we tried to isolate them we didn't succeed (because Israel vetoed any reasonable agreement). Now it looks like they are having support and influence in the Arab streets, lots more than us. Let's hope we can do something to throw them offline. Like hope the people can start civil disobedience because a lake is drying and overthrow the government. What?!!!!

Let's come to reality. Here is a Stratfor analyst who just visited Iran observed.

http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20110926-geopolitical-journey-iran-crossroads?utm_source=freelist-f&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20110927&utm_term=gweekly&utm_content=readmore&elq=ebec5afbc6ca45c6b904df0c759dea9d

Iranians have build personal relationships with the people on the street, they have been at it long before the "surprised" revolutions. If US is going to play any role in the middle east in the future, it has to review its relationship with Israel. An Israeli dictated policy isn't going to work anywhere in the middle east, with or without Iran.
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fairwayhill
1948 Palestine belongs to the Palestinians
09:21 PM on 10/08/2011
Such a shame to see "democrat" Obama supporting dictatorships around the world. It is time to overthrow the US supported dictatorship of Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
niumarmion
a temporary being
09:44 AM on 10/09/2011
How would you deal with a world-wide depression caused by the interruption of oil supplies? The depression would be followed by a world war which is simmering below the suface today in the ME.
02:53 PM on 10/09/2011
Yes.one may even argue further that if Obama could not do it,then there is less hope in the near future.obama supporting those regimes you mentioned contradicts all his foreign policy promises for the middle east.and not supporting a palestinian state will pave the way for another 60 or so years of violence.gotta hand it to AIPAC.they sure know how play the system.
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Baghooli
Immortals!
07:53 PM on 10/08/2011
This and majority of US based articles promotes a zero-sum game as far as relation between US and Iran is concerned (one side have to capitulate), fortunately Arab protestors or better yet Wall Street protestors proving that majority of people are tired of this game, they want justice which by definition is a win-win for all except those who want to stay with status quo, which is present US policy toward Iran or average Joe's in US for decades without any win to show for!
01:11 PM on 10/08/2011
the current nuclear issue has nothing to do with the tension between the u.s and iran.it goes back to the shah and the u.s support for iran when henry kissinger was secretary of state at the time.the u.s supported iran at all cost then.when the iran-iraq war broke out during the 80's, the united states was supporting both iran and iraq, a policy a student of statecraft would expect from the soviet union at the time.a policy that was even against the norms of international law and violates the geneva conventions.
iran,unlike most of the arab governments,does not forget history.
as for the arab spring,new governments in the region will ally more closely to iran than saudi arabia.the saudis,like the u.s,are distrusted by many in the region.the turks are aware of this scenario, and that is why we see more turkish involvement recently.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Hass
02:36 PM on 10/07/2011
What a bunch of rubbish. First of all the standoff between the US and Iran has nothing really to do with Iran's nuclear program, which is not in violation of international law (as 6 former European ambassadors to Iran have written:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jun/09/iran-nuclear-power-un-threat-peace

Rather, as fomer IAEA head Elbaradei has noted, the issue is really just a pretext for regime change, the EU and US having consistently ignored and even torpedoed multiple Iranian compromise offers that would have addressed any REAL concerns about nuke proliferation:http://news.antiwar.com/2011/04/20/elbaradei-us-europe-werent-interested-in-compromise-with-iran/

Finally, the so-called Green Movement was not widely popular in Iran, and even multiple polls by US organizations found that the majority of voters there had in fact voted to Ahmadinejad, and furthermore the nuclear program enjoys massive popularity.

http://www.charneyresearch.com/pdf/2010Dec8_PressRelease_IPI_Iran_poll.pdf

http://www.ipinst.org/news/general-announcement/209-iran-lebanon-israelis-and-palestinians-new-ipi-opinion-polls.html