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Jeff Madrick

Jeff Madrick

Posted: June 3, 2008 03:29 PM

The Inflation Answer


Inflation or no inflation? That's the big question now.

Fed chairman Ben Bernanke suggested yesterday that there will be no more easy cuts in interest rates. Is he succumbing to the growing pressure from Wall Street and hard line mainstreamers that inflation is now America's concern, not recession?

Until now, he's admirably resisted that. On Monday, happily, Paul Krugman also registered his doubts in the New York Times about the case the inflation hawks are making. There is no wage-price spiral anything like there was in the 1970s. Yes, oil and food prices are soaring, like they did back then. But the foundation of future rising inflation is when they become embedded in the economy. As I've written here before, we are far from that. Any sign of weakness in the economy, and those oil and food prices may come tumbling down because speculation is driving them part of the way up.

But it may once again be bond traders who have the last word. They are driving up interest rates because they habitually over-react to inflation fears. Should Bernanke now mollify them with a harder line?

Go with the facts, not the psychology, is my answer. The concern among those who are sincere in their fear of inflation is that any sign of giving in on inflation by the Fed will lead us down a slippery slope. Inflation will slowly rise, so will inflationary expectations, and the spiral will begin again. Interest rates will go up and slow the real growth of the economy.

But the Fed would make a mistake to give into these fears. First of all, any reasonable monetary economist in the mainstream will tell you that there is no evidence that somewhat higher levels of inflation will undermine real growth. (There are unreasonable and usually less well-informed ones, of course, who will vehemently deny this.) Serious cross-country research shows no negative real effect on growth until inflation reaches ten or twelve percent a year. So rates at 3 or 4 percent are not to be mortally feared. For central bankers, that means a little more flexibility is just fine. We don't have to stop the economy cold every time inflation jiggles up.

But inflationary expectations are not close to spiral levels right now, anyway. People's expectations--despite all the Chicago school theory that states they are based on a clear reading of the future-- are rooted in the past, and inflation has been low for a long time. It will take a lot to unleash them.

Second, the Fed is very different now and won't let inflation rise too long too fast. Theory and attitudes have changed too much. The policy consensus is overwhelming.

Third, as stated, oil and food prices probably won't hold at these levels if the economy weakens.

There are also so-called experts who are not sincere, keep in mind. Low inflation serves the interest of many well-heeled investors, and such experts win points, and probably a raise, when they make the hard-line case. They will keep pressuring the Fed.

So, Mr. Bernanke, don't tell the markets you won't cut rates. Maybe you won't, but wait to see how the economy is doing. As I write this, reported auto sales are terrible. Recession would be a lot more painful than a bit of temporary inflation. And let the bond traders do their thing. They will find they were wrong, and lose some money in the process. That's the only way they'll learn.

Inflation or no inflation? That's the big question now. Fed chairman Ben Bernanke suggested yesterday that there will be no more easy cuts in interest rates. Is he succumbing to the growing pressur...
Inflation or no inflation? That's the big question now. Fed chairman Ben Bernanke suggested yesterday that there will be no more easy cuts in interest rates. Is he succumbing to the growing pressur...
 
 
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11:11 AM on 06/05/2008
If the problem (not the symptom) is the housing market, then how can the Fed raise home prices - inflation.

If housing prices have fallen, a little bit of inflation would allow for housing prices to catch-up....while the price of everything goes higher.

Unfortunately, in the short run, a bit of inflation may heal what ails us most. The result is a dollar that will continue to fall.
04:16 PM on 06/04/2008
"Low inflation serves the interest of many well-heeled investors, and such experts win points, and probably a raise, when they make the hard-line case."

Low inflation serves the interests of millions, when will we have it?
04:12 PM on 06/04/2008
"... and inflation has been low for a long time. It will take a lot to unleash them..."

I just can't believe the author on this. The belief that you can exclude energy, food and other items that have skyrocketed because they may come tumbling down seems to me to be sophistry, or perhaps a very cruel new math.
01:58 PM on 06/04/2008
I feel disoriented after reading your article -- it just doesn't jive with what I am experiencing.

To me, inflation seems very prevalent and very high. Food and energy are the most noticeable, but everything that needs to be shipped is being affected. My gut feel is that inflation *is* a problem.

IMO, too-low interest rates, held low for too long, were an exacerbating factor in the housing bubble. Keeping rates low would merely exacerbate the housing situation -- which needs to correct.

Yes, the economy is in trouble. But no, keeping low rates won't be the answer.
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WIpatriot
I've seen enough to make me Progressive
12:05 PM on 06/05/2008
After reading this article, I feel Mr. Madrick is a little disoriented. Right again, Cathexis, low rates are NOT the answer.
10:15 AM on 06/04/2008
If you factor in falling wages and the strength of the dollar as measured by a correctly stated CPI, there is an inflation issue. But that is not what will cause interest rates to spike.

Wall Street had access to a huge volume of cheap money from, primarily, the Chinese. They invested it poorly in scams like the derivative mortgage phenomenon. This fueled a real estate boom that, in turn, fueled a booming economy based on piss poor credit risk management.

Now we have the highest default rates in modern history on personal credit and mortgages. The investors/ stockholders and management are now feeling the heat because the economy is flat and profits are low.

I got it! Let's raise interest rates to cover the losses. We are the Bank right? This is the fastest and most direct way to cure the problem and cover up the incompetence of the people who are responsible for their poor investment strategies. Bail outs like BS are sticky because public officials actually have to vote for these things.

Banks make their profits from the spread of what they pay to borrow and what they charge to lend. That is why interest rates are going to go up and inflation will be the scapegoat. Incompetence and accountability make a clean getaway.
09:42 AM on 06/04/2008
If the dollar were to sink by 40% to the Yen and the Yuan and the central banks of Asia were to jettison their reserve holdings of U.S. Treasury Notes..so that these notes would have to find a "home" in the USA, then inflation booms and it booms exongenous (as the econ nerds put it) with little Uncle Ben and the Psychology Department at the Fed can do about it.
We are in different times. The control of inflation has mega to do with cheaper goods via the exploitation of low paid labor. When the change in the dollar competes these differences away, the game will be over. Inflation will decimate domestic savings and retirements in the coming decades will be the problem dejour with all the classic fingerpointing that we as a people are about. (We have no one to thank but ourselves)
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dadw5boys
Disabled Vietnam Vet
08:34 AM on 06/04/2008
How can there be too many dollars caseing to few goods????

The Oil companys, local taxes, and high food prices have sucked all the dollars out of the publics pockets and they are using CREDIT to live on.

Inflation would be only a HAMMER TO NAIL THE COFFIN SHUT ON THE MIDDLE CLASS AND THE POOR!!!
06:53 PM on 06/03/2008
Inflation. Too many dollars chasing too few goods. Interesting. No mention of what if those goods become more expensive to produce. Implied you say in the chasing. 100 years ago you could punch a hole in the east Texas ground and oil would come pouring out and all you had to do was put it in a barrel and ship it to a ready market. Today in Brazil, home of the last great oil find in Tupi, a super complex oil rig worth 10's of millions of dollars needs be hauled many miles out to sea and put in place. It rents for almost 1 million dollars a day. Then it has to drop a drill bit 12,000 feet to the ocean floor. Then it has to drill thru salt another 10,000 feet. There it finds super hot oil under super high pressure it needs to bring to the surface. Which is cheaper. That is inflation, not what some idiot in a central bank does.
04:54 PM on 06/03/2008
Does your bio really list "Charley Rose" [sic]?
05:10 AM on 06/10/2008
(You're welcome.)
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camb94
04:04 PM on 06/03/2008
Your arguments are weak. Read the latest issue of the Economist for an eye opening look at inflation. This isn't just a problem for the U.S. Moreover, this issue is beyond inflation, it is mostly about the value of the dollar. The dollar's weakness is one reason that the price of oil is so high. The value of the dollar is low because there are just too many of them. The Fed's job is simply to manage the money supply. Right now they are not doing a good job of that. The Fed has done too much interfering in the economy and it needs to stop. IF you are arguing that a little inflation is ok if it avoids a recession, then you TRULY are making the same exact argument that economists made in the 1970s. The problem is that inflation doesn't stop a recession, it just slows it down. So what we end up with is stagflation. More importantly, it does set up an inflationary spiral, not necessarily right away, but eventually. And the recession that results from stopping the inflation is even worse. The Fed has done its job of mitigating some of the effects of the bubble (and there are very good arguments that it shouldn't have done that), but it needs to let the economy do what it needs to do -- that is the only way to fix things long term.