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Jeffrey Hull, Ph.D.

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You Are Not a Diagnosis

Posted: 10/02/10 12:00 PM ET

Recently, I heard from a client who I hadn't spoken to for two years. So when he left a message saying he was "struggling with anxiety," I was quick to get back to him. When we connected, the first words I heard were, "I'm depressed Jeff, I found out that I am ADD (attention deficit disorder) ... and the meds I've been taking just seem to make the situation worse."

"Whoa," I replied, "What do you mean you are ADD?"

He continued, "Well, I hired a professional organizer and when I showed her my routine and environment, she declared that I 'probably' had ADD. She recommended a psychiatrist, whom I met for about 20 minutes. He asked me a series of questions, agreed that I had symptoms of ADD [or ADHD--attention deficit hyperactivity disorder] and prescribed a cocktail of drugs for me to take. I've been on the meds for a couple of months but they don't seem to be working. I always feel uptight and wired. I do get more work done than before but I'm more irritable and edgy. I don't know if I should go off the meds or what. Help!"

I wish I could say that I rarely hear this kind of story. But the opposite is true. More and more often, people come to me already burdened with a "diagnosis" -- some form of label ascribed to them by a well-meaning doctor who must place them in a diagnostic "category" in order to satisfy the insurance company and prescribe medications.

Yet, as helpful as it may be to know your affliction by giving it a label, I'm highly suspect of this tendency to dumb down our symptoms to a simple (and rather artificially constructed) diagnostic category. Too often, we fall into a sort of trance, marching to doctor's orders, and "I am unfocused or anxious at times" becomes, "I AM ADD."

My client -- and I think most people in similar circumstances -- are much more complex than a simple one word label. This is why I appreciate the work of forward thinking psychologists who use innovative tools to help patients see through their diagnosis and reconnect to their deeper selves.

In a book called "Mindfulness and Psychotherapy," clinical psychologists show how mindfulness practices derived from the Eastern contemplative traditions may be helpful for depression, anxiety and other psychological maladies. In one chapter, there is a wonderful anecdote about how one therapist used the power of one single raisin to break through the all-powerful diagnostic label, "clinical depression."

A patient comes to the therapist saying that he has been depressed for years, and knows "no other state of being." After a few sessions in which they build rapport, the therapist asks him if he is willing to do an experiment with mindfulness. In the experiment, the therapist has the patient practice 10 minutes of silence, breathing deeply, focusing attention on the breath, all while guiding him into a state of deep relaxation, so that he gains awareness of his thoughts and his physical body.

The therapist then takes a single raisin and asks the patient to put it in his mouth and slowly roll it around, to feel the sensations in his mouth, and to focus all his attention on the experience of flavor, texture and movement of the fruit. After experiencing the raisin for a few moments, the patient swallows it (we assume the patient liked raisins) and is brought back gently into a state of present awareness.

The therapist then asks the patient to describe the encounter with the raisin. The patient uses words like pleasurable, sensuous, tasty and delicious. The therapist asks the patient, "While you were savoring the raisin so intently, did you feel depressed?" The patient reflects for a moment and says, "Of course, I am always depressed." Yet, when asked again to reflect a bit more deeply, the patient acknowledges that during the meditative moment with the raisin, he experienced pleasure, not depression. It was as if the raisin shone a light -- of hope -- on this patient's overidentification with the label, "depressed."

I love this story because it illustrates one of the foundational principles of my approach to healing and self-renewal: We are not our labels. So much of our self-worth is wrapped up in how we identify ourselves -- our titles, our possessions, our jobs, even in some cases, our diagnoses! Yet, it is only when we wake up and realize that we are much more than our surface identifications that we become open to possibility and free to choose other options.

In that same call, my client with the ADD diagnosis shared that over the past two years, in spite of downsizing and a merger, he had managed to keep his job, and even finished going to night school to complete his bachelor's degree. Perhaps, he had reason to feel anxious, scattered, even unfocused at times. Surely, he could use help with grounding and balance. But by smacking the label of "ADD" on him, and sending him off to the doctor, his personal narrative suddenly became suffused with a sense of dread, and he saw himself as "sick."

Now don't get me wrong. I'm all for helping people with medications when the pain is severe and it is truly difficult to function. But, here's the rub: by fostering a strict bio-medical approach to mental health in which we quickly pathologize our symptoms as a clinical disorder, we risk losing touch with a deeper truth: Human beings are much more than machines of malady.

We are adaptable, flexible, bountiful sources of creative energy--mental, emotional and physical--with the freedom to reinvent our "story" at any time. The solar energy that miraculously produces a raisin runs through our veins as well.

Sometimes all it takes is a tiny, wrinkled nugget of golden sunshine to provide an opening, a space--a glimmer of hope--reminding us WHO WE REALLY ARE.

Dr J

 
 
 

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Recently, I heard from a client who I hadn't spoken to for two years. So when he left a message saying he was "struggling with anxiety," I was quick to get back to him. When we connected, the first ...
Recently, I heard from a client who I hadn't spoken to for two years. So when he left a message saying he was "struggling with anxiety," I was quick to get back to him. When we connected, the first ...
 
 
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AaronHughes
Air Traffic Controller, Navy Veteran
10:26 PM on 11/19/2010
Top notch work, Doc.
The most damaging byproduct of a society of labels is self-labelling.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vajara
vajara
10:09 AM on 10/06/2010
Thank you for this wonderful article on labeling and helping others to not believe in or accept them. As you so well stated, they are not us. Every professional should give your article to their patients so that they do not buy into this DSM classification system used by mental health and insurance industry.
01:30 PM on 10/04/2010
Thank you for this article! In the past I've worked extensively with adolescents and feel strongly about taking special care in diagnosing them and prescribing powerful psychotropics (many of which are not approved for use in still-developing brains). During such a crucial time for identity development, it's so easy for a pre-teen or teenager to feel defined by a diagnosis. Any child psychiatrist who takes this into careful consideration is worth his or her weight in gold, I think.
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
April Coleman Rudin
07:51 AM on 10/04/2010
symptoms have many underlying causes....the great therapist explore and determine what the cause of the behavior is. sometimes medication is needed to treat it....
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Vajara
vajara
11:38 AM on 10/06/2010
Yes, it should be very rare that a child is labeled and given mental health drugs. It is very common today as the psychiatric or medical community doesn't know any better, don't take the time to refer to a skillful program or therapist, or are ignorant about prevention, integrative and holistic health practices for children and families.

I recommend that everyone survey the literature, review the latest research on giving children drugs, examine who is doing the drug research & their side effects, and search the net or NYT's articles related to the BigPharmas and their corrupt practices with all of the helping professions.
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tploomis
when I'm dogmatic, I'm usually wrong
02:50 AM on 10/03/2010
ADD is not a DSM-IV disorder, although ADHD is. Beyond that, however, the problem in the example cited is not so much diagnosis as misdiagnosis, and there is certainly plenty of that going around. The medical model provides a framework for understanding mental disorders, if done appropriately, but it certainly is not the end all of understanding what a client/patent is about.
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drjuluka
If you want to go East, don't go West
12:46 AM on 10/03/2010
James Hillman is the person to read on this subject. A Blue Fire would be a good start.

That said, the reported anecdotal 20 minute psychiatric exam is either a description of a poorly trained psychiatrist, a rushed psychiatrist in an bad HMO, or a biased invention of the writer's mind. There are some poor psychiatrists, but the majority are not. In any case, "Dr. J" is dosing hyperbolic inflammation.

ADHD is not cancer, but it is a real disability with life-long consequences in work, play, and love. Any failure to recognize this is flat earth. Search "Barkley ADHD" at youTube. Check the ones where he is in the dark coat at his presentation in Canada. E.g., http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=qguNB4b36Vo

The NIMH Mutimodal Study is another useful search.
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Jeffrey Hull, Ph.D.
09:34 PM on 10/03/2010
Hi there..thanks for your comments. I'm a huge fan of James Hillman--his work was at the heart of my depth psychological doctoral program, so kudos for the mention. He was really one of the first psychologists to point out our cultural tendency to "pathologize" --and label people such that we lose sight of the real person and the complexity of the psychic and practical worlds in which we all have to operate...

Also...just fyi. I didn't mean to be "hyperbolic" -- and the anecdote is based on how the story was passed on the me by my client. I have spoken though, with a number of psychiatrists -- and they are often the first ones to note that due to patient overload and insurance payment limits, they often do "patient in-take" screenings and evals in 15-20 minutes. I don't think this is so much a reflection of the quality of the psychiatrist--it is just that their job as changed. They no longer view themselves as in the 'therapy' business...but rather in the medication distribution business. At least many do. Unfortunately.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mik McAllister
10:20 PM on 10/02/2010
As a person living with depression, anxiety, and Adult ADD (and making them work for me), I appreciate.

At the annual meeting of the Michigan Sociological Association, at Thomas Aquinas College, there was a presentation that talked about doctors (especially in the mental health field) seeing their patients as "the broken object."

You don't consult a broken object about symptoms. You don't listen to a broken object. You do what you think is right to fix it.

Humans are not broken objects. Patients are able to describe their symptoms, and they can participate in their treatment.

I know a lot of psychiatrists who can not comprehend that people living with severe depression have suicidal ideation. It happens, and it happens every day. Yet, if you tell the psychiatrist that, they immediately try to admit you into a Psych Unit.

Suicidal ideation happens. It's only thoughts of suicide. I've been coping with those ideas for a long time, and will probably continue to do so for a long time.

I would like to see some kidn of review board at mental health practices and clinics. Every time a psychiatrist "diagnoses" whatever the issue of the week is (gleaned from talk shows, journals, magazine articles, etc.), the patient is re-evaluated before medication is prescribed. It seems every time I see a mental health professional, I get a new diagnosis pulled from the latest fad.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
ConfuciusSay-
Aglets: their purpose is sinister.
10:07 AM on 10/03/2010
You have my sympathies. Suicidal ideation is way more common than people believe. But it does not lead to action, most of the time. I have had it for decades, and found that exercise helps.
08:02 PM on 10/02/2010
Nicely put. Thanks. Mindfulness is an extremely interesting concept, but being so much used, difficult to pin down.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bthechangeyouseek
07:24 PM on 10/02/2010
I liked this article. Mindfulness and meditation are so important in our daily lives. It should be taught in school.

"We are not our labels. So much of our self-worth is wrapped up in how we identify ourselves -- our titles, our possessions, our jobs, even in some cases, our diagnoses! Yet, it is only when we wake up and realize that we are much more than our surface identifications that we become open to possibility and free to choose other options."

Unfortunately many around us think we are weird and into "new age" thinking, when we begin to understand there is so much more than the labels and stuff.
08:16 PM on 10/02/2010
You should hear some of the responses I get when I say that theists who think nature is a gift from god, and atheists who think nature is natural resources are equally anthropocentric and destructive of the earth. I then advocate a return to the irrational but most valuable belief that all of nature is sacred. My beliefs I call eco-pantheism.

I can take a roomful of arguing theists and atheists and unite them in thirty seconds. They have become their labels. I choose mine. When they ask me what I believe. I say it changes every day.
A lot of the new age is cooky, but it is needed so that we can rediscover the past. For thousands of years all humankind was eco-pantheistic. But we call it primitive animism.

Believe exactly what you want and change it as you so desire. Good fortune. here is a tune:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiYqYPEXsJU&feature=related
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bthechangeyouseek
08:59 PM on 10/02/2010
Thank you for sharing. The video is fantastic.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MeRainyday
Green Progressive for Equality, 99%
05:04 PM on 10/02/2010
Thanks..good article. Sent to D in med school, just starting psychiatry.. It frustrated me because we didn't seem to be able to help much. I know psychiatrists now who just reauthorized prescriptions..they have never even met the patients!!
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Vajara
vajara
07:59 PM on 10/17/2010
I believe that psychiatry as a profession harms their patients...they give meds that have not been adequately researched and there are few long term studies and follow up If you need help with mental or emotional concerns, seek out a holistic and integrative health practitioner. What affects your mind affects your whole being so find someone who cares about you and wants to know about your whole being--your physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social interactions and relationship. Don't look for quick fix, but look to take charge of yourself, design a daily health plan and demonstrate that you have will power and determination to be what you were created to be It does take courage to be free from these false helpers and drugs.
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Damiano Iocovozzi MSN NP
02:33 PM on 10/02/2010
In my experience as a nurse practitioner, I often am overwhelmed with notes from teachers and cries from parents about getting medications for out-of-control children whom they label as ADD or ADHD. I'm not sure of the percentage of youngsters who are on medications in the US for out-of-control behavior. What happens is this, most clinicians and family docs are not comfortable diagnosing these disorders (?), so we send them off to specialists. Nine times out of ten, they arrive back on some very strong medicines. Diagnosing so many youngsters with ADD or ADHD is a harmful practise. Some wear their diagnosis with a badge of honor, others do not. What I think most of these diagnoses represent is poor parenting skills and the out-of-control behaviors have become more acceptable with a medical diagnosis pinned on a child, sometimes for life. Good parenting does not come naturally, nor are children born with a set of instructions. Most young people lack common courtesy and social interaction skills like most of their parents. No amount of Ritalin will help these broken situations nor the diagnoses that accompany them. Sometimes I think my father was right, maybe both parent and child need a good whooping. Damiano de Sano Iocovozzi MSN FNP CNS
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bthechangeyouseek
07:29 PM on 10/02/2010
Interesting opinion Damiano. In a young child, you might be right, lack of parenting skills, poor nutrition and inability to manage situations. But in older children, hormones play a big role in the emotional health of a child. I don't advocate medications at first glance, or even a diagnosis by one doctor, but certainly many children are much better because of medications.
08:36 PM on 10/02/2010
It took centuries to move the culture of schools from Premodern subordination in which the exercise of arbitrary power ensures obedience to Modern rule-based compliance in which conformance is result of inculcating rationally-conceived rules. When compliance fails we resort to subordination.

In civil society we have achieved a kind of democracy, so there grows in our children an awareness of equality - preached to them in many ways. 'We are equals. Sit down. Listen to me.'

The staggering cognitive dissonance between preaching equality and subjection of children to rules or, if they fail, to coercion results in the aggravation of mental conditions which would otherwise be entirely manageable. There is no cognitive dissonance in schools in premodern cultures which still utilise a culture of subordination and in these places there is almost no occurrence of ADHD.

We cannot revert to subordination. We cannot restore the shattered compliance system. We must democratise our schools. The very absurdity of the statement reveals the nature of radicalism. It is not what liberals want but what they fear. Once it was the slaves. Lower class men. Women. Gays. Each in turn gained rights as gradually we create a society of equals. The children's turn comes and adults cry that cry of old,'It will bring anarchy.' But in their hearts they know the truth - there is anarchy already. Feeling conflicted they act out, get angry and tell me I must be crazy.

A tune:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86nzp0_Hafo
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BlackYowe
I am a classical- liberal woman and a Jeweler.
01:58 PM on 10/02/2010
This kind of thing is happening all over with people in schools labeling children. People in business doing this to co workers and employees and so on. These labels are pure evil.
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Toonguy
Draws funny pictures
06:24 PM on 10/04/2010
Anytime people use labels to hurt or dehumanize is never a good thing.

Do not confuse a diagnosis with a label or vice-versa. When one assumes a diagnosis is nothing more than a label, it prevents those who would otherwise be helped from a correct diagnosis from getting the help they need.