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Jeffrey Sachs

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Entitlements Hysteria

Posted: 02/17/2012 9:56 am

One of the unshakable myths of the punditariat is that the federal government is going bankrupt because of entitlements spending, especially spending on Medicare and Medicaid. Each day we hear the drumbeat saying that either we cut entitlements now or we are finished as a nation. This is a stampede of unreason, contradicted by the facts.

Look at the new budget released at the beginning of the week. Table S-6 on page 212 is the operative page. According to the President's budget, Medicare and Medicaid would rise slightly from 5.1 percent of GDP in 2011 to 5.5 percent of GDP in 2020. Not exactly the stuff of deficit cataclysm.

So what is the source of the hysteria? Some of it is simply propaganda, by those with the political agenda to gut the country's social safety net.

But there is something else. Confusion! The punditocracy is repeating the results of forecasts that indeed suggest calamity, but calamity in the late 21st century, not now. These long-term forecasts are arbitrary but have been repeated as an immutable fact by those who don't read the fine print. The most frequently quoted forecast is that of the Congressional Budget Office.

The CBO's long-term forecast assumes that health care costs will continue to rise steeply during the next 70 years, though at a diminishing rate. If healthcare costs continue to soar for decades to come, then yes, lo-and-behold, the government would eventually go broke. Federal spending on health care would reach around 25 percent of GNP in 2085.

Yet somehow I'm not ready to panic about the health care costs as of 2085. Mechanical extrapolations that assume that health care costs will rise much faster than GNP between 2011 and 2085 are utterly unconvincing. Why should healthcare costs continue to rise so far and fast when healthcare costs are already vastly over-priced now compared with what other countries pay for the same services? Why should we assume failure decade after decade to use the new information technologies to lower the costs of health-care delivery and administration?

In fact, the recent trends are mildly favorable. As J. D. Keinke of the American Enterprise Institute writes today in the Wall Street Journal, the idea of runaway health spending is a "myth" because "new data show that health spending over the past several years has been normalizing toward the rate of general inflation, rather than growing higher and higher, as had been the case almost continuously since the 1970s."

Public outrage and market pressures are gradually prevailing over the health-care lobby. American households will ultimately get the care they need much nearer to the lower prices that most other countries pay. Even if we don't get all the way down to the lower costs that we should have, there is no reason to assume that health care costs will continue to soar year in and year out for another seven decades.

Let's therefore fight the right-wing hysteria demanding immediate and harsh cuts in Medicaid and other health outlays. We do not need to cut off the lifeline of the poor and elderly. We simply need to keep up the pressure against the healthcare lobbies, and resist the panic of the punditariat.

 
 
 

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08:28 AM on 03/31/2012
Why do people assume, right or wrong that health care costs are what saves our health. We drink to excess, eat every unhealthy food, smoke, lounge on the couch and generally allow our overall health to deteriorate while worrying about our health care costs and which side is right and which is lying. Some of the cost is predicted by our demand for it when our bodies no longer can sustain the abuse. Lets stop listening to the doom and gloom and start being responsible for our health. The fact is, if your premium is a thou. a mo. or 100 a mo, sometimes you can't be fixed.
01:24 PM on 02/21/2012
The author makes a compelling case, however should forgive us for wanting to see it before we'll believe it. In particular, the fact that the population distribution is trending more elderly, and people are living longer, should more than surpass any gradual flattening of the cost increase curve (if it actually happens - we've certainly heard that prediction before.)

The basics of why one should be concerned are that if you looks at the historical numbers from 1960,70,80..to 2010, then as a fraction of annual spending medicare and medicaid has used 0%,5.2%,8.5%,11.6%,18.6%,22.6% of the budget. If you look at in terms of GDP, its 0%,0.9%,1.7%,2.5%,3.4%,5.3% of GDP. So the concern for the trend isn't arbitrary, its real.

In terms of concern for the government going bankrupt, in 2010 we were 14.5 trillion in debt. If we never created medicare and medicaid, we'd instead have an approximately 3 trillion dollar surplus. So irregardless of whether the programs should exist, and I think we do need medicaid and a more limited form of medicare, it shouldn't be held against people who say its bankrupting the nation because for better or worse, it is.
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11:54 PM on 02/19/2012
I have absolutely zero confidence in government produced stats - regardless who occupies the WH.

Articles like this are the reason sites like www.zerohedge.com and www.shadowstats.com are my go-to sites for financial information.
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4eva
.-.. --- ...- . --..-- / -. --- - / .... .- - .
11:50 PM on 02/19/2012
You say "healthcare costs are already vastly over-priced".

What makes you think they will not continue to be overpriced?

If health care costs are going down, then where will the cuts occur?
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FredSanders
I Have An F- Rating From The NRA
10:15 PM on 02/19/2012
The military budget represents almost one half of the proposed 2013 fiscal year budget deficit and is more than 60% of discretionary spending.
10:28 PM on 02/19/2012
So if we cut every dime we're still $600+ billion in the hole.
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FredSanders
I Have An F- Rating From The NRA
10:14 PM on 02/19/2012
The red part of the pie chart in my avatar is military spending as a fraction of the total government spending budget for 2010/2011.

Where to start, where to start.........
11:43 AM on 02/21/2012
I can't see your avatar, but it looks like military spending is over 50% of the budget? I thought it was more in the 25% range or so, curious how you constructed your chart...
09:31 PM on 02/19/2012
Is this guy really making the case that there is nothing to see here when it comes to Medicaid / Medicare?

$114,000 that 2011 retirees paid into Medicare won't cover $355,000 lifetime costs

Consider an average-wage, two-earner couple together earning $89,000 a year. Upon retiring in 2011, they would have paid $114,000 in Medicare payroll taxes during their careers.

But they can expect to receive medical services -- from prescriptions to hospital care -- worth $355,000, or about three times what they put in.

By comparison, Social Security taxes and expected benefits come closer to balancing out.

The same hypothetical couple retiring in 2011 will have paid $614,000 in Social Security taxes, and can expect to collect $555,000 in benefits. They will have paid about 10 percent more into the system than they're likely to get back.

http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/12/114000_that_2011_retirees_paid.html
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Ice4you
I hate ignorance Fox style
04:48 PM on 02/20/2012
You think everybody lives beyond 65? That is why this is an insurance like for your car if you never have an accident you wont get a dime. INSURANCE that the name of the game.
oilfield
large employer per obamacare
08:40 PM on 02/19/2012
social security wont break because inflation fixes it every year.....
1980 budget 600b
2012 3.7 t
a 600% increase in 32 years....
as long as the government gets to make up what inflation is to adjust payments, it wont ever be broken. the entitlement culture is what is going to kill us....
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Noah Cross
Flying to London for some bangers and mash
08:40 PM on 02/19/2012
If you'd like to read the poorly informed opinions of a group of inexpert economic experts read on :D
08:22 PM on 02/19/2012
The social security disaster becomes closer and closer with every trustees' report.

Health care costs may, perhaps, be normalizing with regards to inflation to they are already at a rate that is far beyond reasonability. An increasing number of people will definitely enter the SS system in the coming years while the number of people paying into the PAY AS YOU GO system will not increase by the same proportion. SS holds a great amount of the highest yielding 30-year bonds ever issued by this country and they mature in 2012-2014. There is no revenue much less a surplus to redeem these bonds as was the "promise" made by Reagan!

Incredibly few politicians are willing to address the entitlement problem and house members in particular are in constant campaign mode and unwilling to risk angering those receiving SS benefits who are among the most consistent and highest proportion voters.

We need term limits and "death panels"!
09:32 PM on 02/19/2012
SS is not a serious issue, small changes make make is work.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
05:18 PM on 02/20/2012
Get rid of the cap on FICA withholding. That will remedy any issues for many decades.
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surfinnonreality
EIT Excellence in Trolling Thanks for the talking
08:14 PM on 02/19/2012
Let me have an option to out of SS. Or at least let me choose where some of my money goes. Let me have more options than the government. I'll choose Wall street options. I'll accept responsibility for my retirement if it doesn't work out.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
05:20 PM on 02/20/2012
The point is that you will not accept responsibility if you end up with nothing for retirement. You are unlikely to vacate your home and starve in the street. Society will pay to keep you alive. Social Security is meant to keep you from finding yourself in that untenable position.
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ekim gnitlon
08:11 PM on 02/19/2012
This guy sounds horribly naive to me; the healthcare lobby does what it wants to! There is absolutely no reason on earth to believe insurance companies will ever stop trying to make more money on the backs of the sick.

When pharmaceuticals can have congress write laws almost overnight to protect their profits, believe me there is little we can do to stop them. Articles like this one do more harm than good because it makes people think that there is a rainbow. No! There is no rainbow. There are insurance executives and corporate executives looking to get rich.
05:58 PM on 02/20/2012
This (Jeffrey Sachs) is a guy who has already, almost single-handedly, helped reduce poverty in Africa and in many parts of the world under his direction as UN Special Advisor and Director of the Earth Institute. He has been a leader in helping reduce malaria deaths globally (there are statistical facts that support this). He has led the world's attention to the Millennium Development Goals and has helped humankind understand the term "sustainability." I HARDLY think he is "naive."
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ekim gnitlon
01:15 PM on 02/21/2012
"a guy who has almost single-handedly helped reduce poverty in
Africa and in many parts of the world"

Get real.
08:11 PM on 02/19/2012
The fact that medicare and medicaid are going to rise on 0.2% doesn't mean they aren't going to bankrupt the country. They are already huge.
07:53 PM on 02/19/2012
The CBO is notoriously bad at ...................... forecasting.
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pepper1311
POGS are dirt
07:49 PM on 02/19/2012
Each generation pays for the last one. I paid for my parents and my kids pay for me and so and so on. If there is a problem it was Nixon moving SS into the general budget. Remember Gore in 2000 saying lock box and there was laughter. Why? It was boom times and as we all know nothing was ever going to fall.
08:13 PM on 02/19/2012
There is no lock box. The payroll tax is just that: a tax. It is not a payment into a federal pension fund. The left admitted this with the payroll tax cut fight. If it something that we can raise and lower, then its just an extra revenue source for the IRS.
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pepper1311
POGS are dirt
03:17 AM on 02/20/2012
do remember the 2000 election? This article is about entitlements not the payroll tax.
08:30 PM on 02/19/2012
In 1940, the worker to beneficiary ratio was 159 to 1. In 1960, the ratio had fallen to 5 to 1. By 2010, the ratio was less than 3 to 1.

The reason Ponzi schemes fail is because they reach unsustainable ratios.
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pepper1311
POGS are dirt
03:18 AM on 02/20/2012
Funny I knew the far right would raise there ugly heads when baited.
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sillygames
07:00 PM on 02/20/2012
So, when you reach 62 or 65 your going to tell the SS office.

Keep it I don't need the money. Right................ ?