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Jeffrey Sachs

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Occupy Wall Street and the Demand for Economic Justice

Posted: 10/13/11 11:15 AM ET

Around the world, young people -- students, workers, and the unemployed -- are bringing their grievances to the public square. The specific grievances differ across the countries, yet the animating demands are the same: democracy and economic justice. These demands will bring millions around the world together in protest and public education on October 15.

The young people occupying Wall Street and now protesting in several dozen American cities are not a "mob," the ugly deprecation thrown at them by Congressman Eric Cantor. They are channeling sentiments felt very widely throughout the country, indeed the world. Their defining message, "We are the 99 percent," draws attention to the way that the rich at the very top have run away with the prize in recent years, leaving the rest of society to wallow in wage cuts, unemployment, foreclosures, unaffordable tuition and health bills, and for the unluckiest, outright poverty.

It's not just the vast wealth at the top that they are questioning, but how that wealth was earned and how it's being used. Around 1980, the forces of globalization began to create a worldwide marketplace connected by finance, production, and technology. With globalization came new opportunities for vast wealth accumulation. Those with higher education and financial capital have generally prospered; those without higher education and financial capital have found themselves facing much tougher job competition with lower-paid workers half way around the world.

Yet these market forces, powerful as they are, have been only a part of the story. Politics has played a powerful role. In some countries, like the social democracies of Northern Europe (notably Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland), government policies have ensured that all parts of society can benefit from the new globalization. In others, notably including the United States, politics have amplified the surge in power and wealth of the new financial elite.

In the early 1980s, President Ronald Reagan greatly amplified the pressures of inequality by attacking unions, slashing top tax rates, and deregulating financial markets, just as globalization was beginning to pressure the poor and middle class. Backed by Washington, CEOs began to help themselves to stock options and compensation packages unimaginable in the past, equal to hundreds of times the pay of their employees. U.S. companies increasingly parked their international earnings in the Cayman Islands and other tax havens, with the knowledge and even connivance of the IRS. With politicians dependent on the corporations and CEOs to fund their campaigns, the forces of inequality unleashed by globalization and amplified by Reagan, have been left almost wholly unattended by the nation's politicians ever since.

We know what happens when greed feeds greed. Wall Street lost its scruples, if not its basic commonsense. Our marquee firms -- Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, JP Morgan, AIG, Countrywide Financial, and others -- not only acted rapaciously but fraudulently, in an epidemic of corporate corruption. Yet many of the CEOs until today have not accepted responsibility or paid a price. Still they are guests at the White House state dinners, and their senior colleagues are the "bundlers" of mega-campaign contributions for 2012.

The sense of injustice, in short, is not just about the unfairness of a small part of society living in unimaginable wealth while so much of the rest of society lives in economic desperation. It's not just about the top 12,000 American households with more income than the poorest 24 million households. It's about the degradation of politics that turns wealth into power through campaign financing, lobbying, and the revolving door of business and government.

Vast inequality and the accompanying sense of injustice explain why the protests have also exploded in Chile and Israel, two countries doing rather well in economic growth and employment. Chile, Israel, and the United States are three of the five most unequal economies of the high-income world, together with Mexico and Turkey. As in the U.S., a small proportion of households in both Chile and Israel control an enormous proportion of the economy.

Protests come to the streets when the normal political channels are blocked. In Tunisia and Egypt, the blockage was the most severe: long-standing authoritarian rulers and their families keeping a tight grip on power (with the foreign policy support of the U.S. it should be mentioned). In the U.S. the blockage is vastly more remediable but insidious nonetheless. Americans elected a President promising change, but since the President and Congress fund their campaigns from Wall Street, Big Oil, and the health insurance industry, the change is unimpressive.

The survey evidence is overwhelming that Washington responds to rich constituencies rather than to the median voter, much less to the poor. And Congress itself is disproportionately wealthy -- almost half of members are millionaires. According to the opinion surveys, Americans by a strong majority want to raise taxes on the rich, end the wars, and protect the social outlays. Yet corporate lobbying mangles this clear call from the public. We end up with extended tax cuts for the rich, open-ended war, and agreements between the White House and Congress to gut civilian budget outlays in the coming decade.

No, Mr. Cantor, this is not a mob. These are America's young people, soon to be the nation's leaders, and they are telling us something about Washington's corruption, cronyism, and chronic mismanagement of the economy. With the exception of a few voices along with Warren Buffett, many of America's rich on Wall Street and beyond remain smug, self-satisfied, and intent on holding on to every last dollar of their vast fortunes.

America has rescued itself from undemocratic wealth twice before -- when the Gilded Age of the late 19th century was overtaken by the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, and when Hoover's economics and the Great Depression gave way to the New Deal in the 1930s, and then decades of economic prosperity that built a large middle class. The process of American renewal has begun anew.



Jeffrey Sachs is author of The Price of Civilization

 
 
 

Follow Jeffrey Sachs on Twitter: www.twitter.com/JeffDSachs

 
 
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03:16 PM on 10/17/2011
When you want to insist that some group isn’t a mob; then you need to be clear on your definition of a mob. see: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mob

mob n.
1. A large disorderly crowd or throng. See Synonyms at crowd.
2. The mass of common people; the populace.
3. Informal
a. An organized gang of criminals; a crime syndicate.
b. often Mob Organized crime. Often used with the: a murder suspect with links to the Mob.
4. An indiscriminate or loosely associated group of persons or things: a mob of boats in the harbor.

What Sachs calls “Their defining message, "We are the 99 percent,"” seems to fit in pretty well with number 2. in the list.
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OMEGA MAN
A wise man learns from the mistakes of others.
12:20 PM on 10/17/2011
The use of the term "slackers" is telling. You see, there's plenty of work for the industrious, our unemployment problem is due to laziness. There are plenty of jobs -- pay no attention to the fact that the number of unemployed is far, far greater than the number of jobs -- people don't really want to work. It has nothing to do with the crash of Wall Street destroying the economy, and the bounce back and present good fortune on Wall Street has nothing to do with the government bailing them out -- it was their hard work that fixed the problems. For the little people to expect the government to treat them similarly -- to bail them out during tough times -- is just plain anti-capitalist. If you are wealthy, a government handout that preserves your wealth is necessary, but to expect the government to provide jobs -- not Wall Street type handouts but the opportunity to work -- is "antiestablishment" and a threat to our way of life.
10:26 AM on 10/17/2011
The mob is in Congress and the White House. Calling themselves our 'representatives'. While turning us into a colony of China. Bankrupting us with wars fought for our other colonial force, the Saudis.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
BMcCue7
I'm Buddy McCue (and you're not.)
10:03 AM on 10/17/2011
It's true that there are different agendas espoused by the Occupy Wall Street movement: from Libertaria­ns carrying signs that say "End The Fed" to people arguing for Animal Rights... many, many different causes.

What unifies all those disparate points of view is the realizatio­n that our representa­tive form of government has been hijacked by the power of money.

As long as this is true, none of those different things that the protestors are advocating has a fair chance of being honestly discussed in Washington.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lizcalifornia
09:59 AM on 10/17/2011
We should get rid of the very concept of the credit score for individuals. Corporations and banks have bought our government, forcing us to purchase things, with credit if we can't afford it, that are birthrights in other nations (health insurance, education mainly). Now, when we can't make the monthly payments on the usurious rates charged by credit card companies and health insurance companies, our credit is dinged. If we can't get a job to pay off the RIDICULOUS sums demanded by places like COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, MY ALMA MATER, because they got in BED with lending companies, our credit is dinged. And EMPLOYERS won't hire people with less than stellar credit.

AMERICA IS A DICTATORSHIP OF LENDING INSTIUTIONS POPULATED BY INDENTURED SERVANTS WITH DEBT
09:10 AM on 10/17/2011
When citizens in other parts of the world protest against injustices and greed, many of our SO-CALLED leaders urge them on, stating that they are "fighting for democracy and seeking a more fair distribution of the resources of their country". HOWEVER, when similar protest occur in OUR nation, then some of these same two-bit (no, make that one-bit) unpatriotic hypocrites refer to the gathering as a "mob"...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Norma Ward
07:37 AM on 10/17/2011
In fiscal 2011, Washington noted a drop in corporate tax revenue to $180 billion, down from $372 billion in 2007 despite increasing corporate profitability. Here's an article that shows how several of America's largest corporations paid an effective tax rate of -1.5 percent on profits of $171 billion:

http://viableopposition.blogspot.com/2011/09/negative-federal-tax-rate-only-american.html

That's where the tax playing field needs to be levelled.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lrobb
Gold Standard = four paws and a tail
07:37 AM on 10/17/2011
Time for a reality check. What precipitated the Great Recession was banks packaging bad loans in bundles and selling them to the secondary market. If it had been a generic group of whole loans, it might not have been so bad, but the loans were divided by a faulty definition of risk.

The first 80% of loan-to-value on a conforming loan carried low risk and the last 20% of a non-conforming loan was high risk. These portions of loans were packaged separately.

However, as Benjamin Franklin said, "We must all hang together or most assuredly we will all hang separately." When a mortgagor defaults, the whole loan circles the drain, not just one part of it.

Absent the financial melt-down the lovely students camping on Wall Street's doorstep would be glumly working their part time jobs or planning the next save-the-whales campaign.

To the extent the protestors want to make sure those exotic loan bundlers get precisely what's coming to them and it will never, ever happen again most average Americans are with them in spirit. Once it gets beyond eliminating crony corporate welfare, however, you have just lost Joe Sixpack.

Income inequality only matters if you cannot get a decent job. Most could care less about the miniscule percentage of the filthy rich.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
BMcCue7
I'm Buddy McCue (and you're not.)
10:00 AM on 10/17/2011
That's a good reality check.
04:29 AM on 10/17/2011
For a collection of photos and articles about #OccupyWallStreet: http://www.publishzer.com/teppohudson/occupy-wall-street-fall-2011
01:59 AM on 10/17/2011
Why exactly is undemocratic wealth? Wealth that is just shared among everyone and not based on individual achievement? Isn't that Communism? How did that work out?? Hey it's been proven that FDR's policies prolonged the Great Depression. As soon as he died Congress passed the Amendment to limit a President to 2 terms. The public realized what a big mistake they made.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Scott Leland
11:59 AM on 10/17/2011
Actually, the word "Democracy," as applied to politics has nothing to do with our economic system, which is controlled by multinational corporations that have no alliegance to any country, even the ones that their charters are registered in.

We have to let the corporations know that we will appreciate them hiring Americans to get the Recovery going:

http://www.flixya.com/blog/3201910/Beautiful-Butterflys
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TruelyFedUp
Ethics is nothing else than reverence for life.
11:37 PM on 10/16/2011
"Protests come to the streets when the normal political channels are blocked."

OCCUPY AMERICA!
OCCUPY THE WORLD!
09:25 PM on 10/16/2011
My take is in verse...but I think it sums up how many people feel


Now is the winter of our discontent
Since all of our financial systems are bent
And austerity measures become the new vogue
It’s banks, not traders, that have gone a bit rogue.

Out slick politicians make speeches and spin
Unable to admit to the trouble they’re in
Unable to see much past coming elections
In denial of looming share market corrections.

So now here we are in winter’s embrace
No heating, no pensions, no financial grace
While Greece drags us down and America dithers
I think I’ll drink wine as my pension fund withers
…and dies.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TruelyFedUp
Ethics is nothing else than reverence for life.
11:51 PM on 10/16/2011
But take back this country is not that damn hard
Let's not get distracted by the Iran canard
Or voting for political parties as pleaded
by politicos
Occupy America is all that is needed.

Take a stand
Take land or your house and your mortgage
And grow our own food so there's never a shortage
Bypass the systems of corruption and graft
And push to the forefront the PEOPLE'S Class!

Focus on community, your family, your neighbor
Let's benefit US with the fruits of our labor
End the corporate slavery game, and like
Losing Monopoly it ends without shame.

Starting today OCCUPY AMERICA!
THEN OCCUPY THE WORLD!
07:53 PM on 10/16/2011
Mr Sachs, your partisan rhetoric is intellectually dishonest. To compare our economy to those of Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, etc is ridiculous. Homogeneous countries with highly literate workforces and social policies that minimize immigration in favor of ghettoized workforces is hardly the answer. As the Turks how much they enjoy the Germans. By romanticizing Europe, you neglect to mention the lack of social mobility, the ability and practice of the wealthy families to maintain their wealth through off-shoring of assets, their highly xenophobic social policies, etc.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dbrett480
02:37 PM on 10/16/2011
I think what Mr. Cantor was trying to suggest was the appearance of the protesters. Frankly I agree with most of what the protesters have to say about the huge economic disparities in our country, but the protesters themselves get on my nerves. There is too much variety; you have the Code Pinks nuts, legalize marijuana nuts, the military-prison-(fill in the blank)-industrial complex nuts, etc., that many people who would otherwise support the protest feel that it does not represent them. I am a union member and law enforcement officer; I wish I could support the OWS movement, but not with these nuts running their mouths.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TruelyFedUp
Ethics is nothing else than reverence for life.
11:54 PM on 10/16/2011
Oh, please excuse us beaten down, ignored, jobless, homeless, desperate humans for messing up YOUR debate.
01:08 AM on 10/17/2011
Yeah and what have you done fir yourself??
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dbrett480
12:42 AM on 10/18/2011
Then protest the lack of jobs and the demonization of the working class. Don't protest war, drug laws, or whatever you read in Mother Jones.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Scott Leland
12:10 PM on 10/17/2011
I understand how you feel. Because you have to have contact with so many culturally divergent young Americans as part of your job you find it hard to sympathise with them. I know how they feel applying for employment on Career Builder and getting few responses, and when they do having to return for multiple interviews with "Human Resources" executives, how frustrating that is.

We have to let the corporations know that we will appreciate them hiring Americans to get the Recovery going, and because that is not "political" you can do that even though you are employed as a police officer:

http://www.flixya.com/blog/3201910/Beautiful-Butterflys
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dbrett480
12:37 AM on 10/18/2011
I see what you are saying; however I do sympathize with the protesters anger at Wall Street and the high unemployment. I just think their message would be more well received by more Americans if they eliminated the fringe elements from the protests.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
verycold
02:17 PM on 10/16/2011
More of that influence to specific elected officals for the year 2010. Reid - 922,488 D Lincoln - 635,588 D Schumer - 599,893 D Portman - 517,374 R Murry - 465,996 D Gillibrand - 381,086 D Blunt -362,990 R Meed - 333,722 D Burr - 315,346 R Murkowski - 310,255 I Bennet - 303,309 D Inouye - 267,993 D Boxer - 259,978 D Hoyer - 251,378 D Leahy - 235,500 D Please notice which party was paid the most for their influence. Do you suppose the protesters know these facts? BTW, many of the protesters using those Apple products should be disgusted knowing that Jobs was worth over 6 billion at his death. Does that sound like sharing? And btw, Foxconn, located in China, is the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer and the maker of iPhones and iPads for Apple. Does that sound like Apple, the darling in the liberal world, worked to keep those jobs here in the US ? Btw, they employ 250,000 people at that China location. Also keep in mind that Foxcom won the Apple contract because they were cheap but best quality. The decision was made to do that work for zero profits for the parts. So isn't this doing business on the backs of the average worker. Please, spread the wrath around, but don't cherry pick.
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Mr Hankey
Kucinich / Sanders (Democratic Socialist)
07:51 PM on 10/16/2011
I think these protesters DO know about the corruption on BOTH sides. That's why they aren't endorsing any particular party or candidate.