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The Purpose of Prayer in a Modern World

Posted: 10/15/2011 9:00 am

Does God answer our prayers?

A popular conception of prayer is that if we have faith in God, pray diligently and if the cause we are praying for is a righteous one (like the health of another person), then God will intervene in a supernatural way to make our wish come true. Many people can site examples where their prayers "have been answered" in such a miraculous way. But why do many other equally deserving prayers go unanswered? When we delve deeper into this topic, we may discover that we are asking the wrong questions.

Thinking of prayer as a mechanism to compel God's action presents several difficulties. First, the idea that God intervenes in the world because of our prayers raises the centuries-old problem of theodicy (discussed in my earlier post here). Why would God intervene in some cases but not in others? Innocent people -- including heart-breaking cases involving children -- experience tragedies, suffer and die by the thousands around the world every hour. If God acts in a supernatural way when we ask through prayer, why wouldn't a loving God go ahead and prevent whatever the bad occurrence is from happening in the first place?

Second, doesn't this view of prayer violate the scientific principles that govern the universe? Is it not a leftover conception of God from an age in which people performed rites and rituals to please the gods who controlled what we now understand as natural occurrences -- the weather, illness and fertility? As our scientific understanding of the mechanics behind the universe has grown, the spaces in which God can act on the universe have shrunken. Scientific theories like quantum mechanics, chaos theory and evolution teach us that not only is the world unpredictable but the inherent chance and probability within the universe is necessary to its creative process.

A third problem arises when we consider the psychological aspect of this view of prayer. As humans, we have a powerful ability to control our environment; we have also evolved a psychological need to exercise this control. Is prayer (like ancient ritual sacrifices) nothing more than a psychological crutch that gives us the illusion of control over forces in the world that we do not and never will have control over?

Fourth, when we examine the scientific data on prayer as a mechanism to influence outcomes, the results are not encouraging. One meta-study that examined ten double blind scientific studies on prayer involving 7800 participants found that "overall, there was no significant difference in recovery from illness or death between those prayed for and those not prayed for." (See Cochran Report). Another meta-study at Syracuse University came to the same conclusions: "The effects of distant intercessory prayer are examined by meta-analysis, and it is concluded that no discernable effects can be found." (Syracuse Study)

How do we explain then the cases where people are miraculously healed from terminal illnesses after being prayed for? Because randomness and chance are inherent mathematical and physical qualities of our universe, both positive and negative events will simply happen over time. Just as we should be cautious assuming that the bad things that happen to us are divine punishment for our misdeeds (the story of Job teaches this lesson explicitly), we should exercise similar restraint in attributing God's deliberate action to the good things that happen. Did God really select a certain musician to win a Grammy award or a certain football team to win the Superbowl?

Medical studies are done as double blind experiments (neither the doctor nor the patient know if they are receiving the real treatment or a placebo) because the human mind has the incredible power to heal the body on its own. The placebo effect is often as powerful as many of the drugs we take to cure our illnesses. Give a patient a sugar pill and tell them it is a stimulant, and the patient's heart rate and breathing will increase. They'll report feeling more awake and full of energy. If the pill is red, the effect is even greater! The more confident a doctor is in delivering the pill, the stronger the placebo effect in the patient. Seen in this light, the mechanism behind faith healings can also be understood as the power of the human mind.

Do the above problems with seeing prayer as divine intervention mean that prayer is a pointless exercise? Not at all. Maybe we just need to rethink the purpose of prayer in a modern world.

Instead of seeing prayer as a method of asking God for something we want (even if that something is good), maybe we can use prayer as a way of opening up ourselves to God. Prayer can become a means of connecting us with the divine ground that is the essence of existence. This model of prayer requires a different model of God for our modern world. As I discuss in a previous post (Re-imagining God), if we conceive of God as the creative power that gives rise to existence itself rather than a supernatural being who resembles Zeus on Olympus, then God encompasses (and is the source of) the physical laws that govern the universe as well as space, time, matter, and energy that define the universe.

This different model of prayer leads us in several directions:

1. We can use prayer as a way of opening our hearts to God, not as a being living in an extra-dimensional heaven, but as the wellspring of creative energy within us and the universe. By quieting our minds, we can open ourselves to experience this divine ground directly. This experience may even lead us to new conceptions of our place in the universe and give us a way of transcending our own suffering. When bad things happen to us and our loved ones, we can find comfort in prayer that God is with us always, not sitting in judgement of us up in the sky, nor are we pawns in a cosmic chess game made to suffer according to some divine plan. This is the path that mystics across the world's religions have sought for thousands of years.

2. We can use prayer to center ourselves, to accept who we are, and to become more present and aware. Various forms of meditation and centering prayers fall under this category and are practiced across religious traditions. Unlike intercessionary prayer, contemplative practices have been shown to have significant medical benefits to its practitioners. (See e.g. Harvard Medical School's Herbert Benson: stress, depression and even many physical diseases are positively affected by meditation and prayer).

3. We can use prayer as a way of expressing thanks. We can recognize that we are not independent, but dependent creatures, and be thankful for the blessings we have. Through thanksgiving we can begin to realize that we have enough, and that our societal pressure to always want more (money, power, sex, material items, etc.) will never bring true happiness.

4. We can use prayer as a method of forgiveness for both the things we have done in our lives and for the wrongs we feel have been committed against us. Many psychologists would say that healing cannot happen without forgiveness.

5. We can use prayer to connect with others. We may pray for someone in trouble and wish them well, without the expectation that a supernatural intervention will make this so. Instead, the prayer for others may be about connecting with what that person is going through, with becoming empathetic with their experiences, and with expressing compassion. This connection with others will be strengthened as we realize that God who is the spark of our being, is also the spark of theirs.

Many of you may think that re-conceiving prayer in this way is not new at all. You are right! The themes contained above -- openness to that which is greater than we are, contemplation, thanksgiving, forgiveness and compassion -- are traditional Christian themes. I have only tried to emphasize in a new light how we approach prayer through these themes in a modern world.

 
 
 

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Does God answer our prayers? A popular conception of prayer is that if we have faith in God, pray diligently and if the cause we are praying for is a righteous one (like the health of another person)...
Does God answer our prayers? A popular conception of prayer is that if we have faith in God, pray diligently and if the cause we are praying for is a righteous one (like the health of another person)...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
xenubarb
Nebulon V
01:58 PM on 12/04/2011
Praying seems to be a way to pretend involvement while doing nothing tangible.
"We'll pray for you." Gee, thanks.
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Newfoundlander
I'm a pessimist, an optimist with experience!
02:06 AM on 10/24/2011
The author begins his article with the question "Does God answer our prayers?", and I can do no better than to quote Ambrose Bierce, who defined things thusly: "PRAY, v. To ask that the laws of the universe be annulled in behalf of a single petitioner confessedly unworthy."
08:25 PM on 10/23/2011
We live in a world where we have free will and if we believe in God we believe that his domain is in fact - spiritual. In saying that it should be understood that there is a difference between prayer and worship. Worship is for its own sake and is communion recognition and Thanks - as we become more spiritual- we are prone to worship more. Prayer is a request of sorts.

It was nice that it was noted and is most important to understand that both prayer and worship open up the channels and build the relationship between you and your loving creator.

As Paul said "Be prayerful at all times." That is my goal and when he said prayer I interpret as be in communion with.
05:03 PM on 10/23/2011
There was a study done a while ago that found that sick poeple in hospital who were prayed for did slightly worse than those who were not prayed for.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
stupid humans
12:08 PM on 10/23/2011
none.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
12:23 AM on 10/23/2011
The purpose of prayer in the modern world -- now there's a contradiction in terms.
04:24 PM on 10/22/2011
Thank you for a really great, refreshing article.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Adam of CA
Independent Information Hunter
10:42 AM on 10/22/2011
Most of the comments explicitly state that God has bad breath.

The evidence is that their lives fall far short of the NEW TESTAMENT quote that Jesus came to make our joy fuller. Never happens, because everyone gets shortchanged in this world thru poverty and illnesses.

This fact of life is totally ignored by Churches who promote their religions.
10:32 AM on 10/24/2011
"because everyone gets shortchang­ed in this world thru poverty and illnesses."

Prayer is a way to cope with this. Do you have better solutions? Cynicism and jadedness I have found do not help, because then all joy, pleasure and happiness are looked upon with suspicion.
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08:57 PM on 10/21/2011
Have you heard the latest?
17 October 2011 Last updated at 20:27 ET
Church HIV prayer cure claims 'cause three deaths'
By Andy Dangerfield BBC News, London

At least three people in London with HIV have died after they stopped taking life saving drugs on the advice of their Evangelical Christian pastors. The women died after attending churches in London where they were encouraged to stop taking the antiretroviral drugs in the belief that God would heal them.
"We see patients quite often who will come having expressed the belief that if they pray frequently enough, their HIV will somehow be cured," she added”, said Prof Jane Anderson, director of the Centre for the Study of Sexual Health and HIV, in Hackney.
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stupid humans
12:07 PM on 10/23/2011
3 less xtians ,you say.
...hmmmm I'm still not having a problem.
10:35 AM on 10/24/2011
Wise words I have heard: "Pray as if everything depends on GOD, act as if everything depends on YOU." Stopping medical treatment because God will supposedly cure it is the height of arrogance.
07:51 PM on 10/20/2011
Concerning PRAYER.

Why all the confusion? Attending places called church yet the leaders have no idea who God is.
So they pass down the "NO" knowledge on to others who also become lost. WOW!!
Sure anyone can read but do we under what we read. Plus we have a BIBLE......BUT....!
Now the leaders of so called church does not have any idea what the spirit of the book is, double wow. Of course we are not talking about all of the church.

Then how do we get a good vision of this BOOK?
Ah........God said, "If you are going to worship me, it must be TWO WAYS - in spirit and in truth(word-bible)" Spirit first, then the truth(word-bible). No spirit, not understanding on the printed page.
You can't understand the bible unless you have the right spirit. NO CONFUSION HERE.
Jesus mentioned it many times. "Those who have ears to hear, let them hear."
What does that mean? You must do Rom. 10:8-10. That is crossing over a threshold into Gods Kingdom. No correct spirit, no correct understanding of this book. A very SIMPLE BOOK.
No short cuts, Adam and Eve already tried.
The correct spirit takes away evil, hatred, insecurity, feeling lost, low self esteem and so on.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
11:46 AM on 10/22/2011
I must agree; Prayer is not like a wish list to santa. Understanding that a covenant must be entered into and honored is paramount to getting prayer answered (Joshua 1:8).
03:01 PM on 10/22/2011
Brother man you are smart be-yon your years.
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Toutlaguerre
eyes tell the story
09:37 AM on 10/20/2011
Simply put, prayer is worshipful address to God. Some prayers are acceptable to God and some are not. As the hearer of prayer God sets out the guidelines in the bible so that people don't have to fumble around in the "dark" trying to figure out how to use this avenue of worship. Praise, petitions, supplications, thanksgiving are types of prayers. The bible shows in the past some prayers were answered immediately (Neh 2:4-8), others took a while (1 Samuel 1:10-20), in Hannah's case a year. Hezekiah was relieved from his deathly illness and Paul had to endure his thorn in the flesh. The commonality here is that all these were faithful servants of God who did not take the privilege of prayer for granted. Rather than believing that prayer was wishful thinking to an imaginary God who desired mastery over them, they understood that prayers were rightfully addressed to God, were answered if in harmony with his will, and required faith and hard work. Even if their prayers were not answered, they were drawn closer to God who though invisible was real. Moses continued as "seeing the One who was invisible. Now 1 Kings 18 shows the difference between praying to the true God and to an imaginary one.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
aspiechristian
zenscopalian
02:02 PM on 10/22/2011
I think what you're expressing that which is closest to real, Biblical prayer. I just want to add a little to what you've already said. In the case of Hannah, for example, her prayers were so many and so intense, by the end of that year, I'd guess her entire relationship with God had changed, from personal desire, to knowing the Living God, so that she offered her first born to His service, which was God's desire: a holy man to replace Samuel.

When a person beats on God's door and starts making requests, or demands, is he praying to a stranger, or to Someone with whom he is well-acquainted? When we ask in prayer, are we seeking to know intimately the One to whom we pray, or just asking Him to dispense blessings like a vending machine? We beat on His door, but do we even know the Person to whom we pray? Are we daily participating in the daily exchange of our nature for His? This is the crux of the Faith - whether or not we actually know the Living God, or I should say, that part of Him he has allowed us to discover - within the part of us we have allowed Him to discover, and to own completely. It is here we learn to accept and abide in God's will. Prayer is too often described as one-sided, to the point that we end up beating on a door that was never locked.
10:40 AM on 10/24/2011
"so that she offered her first born to His service, which was God's desire: a holy man to replace Samuel."

Not sure if I understand this sentence. Hanna's son *was* Samuel. Samuel was not replaced (well, maybe the prophet Nathan fulfilled his role when David was king). He selected the first two kings of Israel.
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Ossit
Ossit
03:45 AM on 10/20/2011
“You don't have free will. YOu have free will within limits - some limits are huge. That is not free will. Free will means omnipotenc­e. We do not have omnipotenc­e - the ability to do whatever we want to do.”

I disagree, lauram. I have free will in everything I do that's obviously reasonable. I don't have the free will obviously to be mean to people. I don't have the free will to impose things on people as I don't control anyone. I don't consider free will omnipotence. Omnipotence means if you want to be technical means: all-powerfulness: the possession of complete, unlimited, or universal power and authority." How you see free will as omnipotence is beyond me because having control over your life without anyone telling you what to do(within reason by means of not being mean to people)isn't universal power and authority. One is "all powerful" when it comes to free will because they have the choice of doing or not doing something.
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PresReagan
Wake up America !
06:02 PM on 10/21/2011
I like your statement, but I think you are missing a concept. We have free will, or I like to call it agency. We can choose whatever we want. But, we cannot choose our consequences. So, we do have ultimate freedom to choose between actions, thoughts, or whatever. But we cannot choose the consequence that are associated with those choices.
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Ossit
Ossit
09:10 PM on 10/22/2011
Very interesting point PresReagan about not choosing consequences. They're as unpredictable as the action of having free will. But I don't think I'm missing the concept of just having free will.
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David MacWilliams
My micro-bio is no longer empty...
06:29 PM on 10/19/2011
The purpose of prayer? That's easy. To avoid the actual work of solving whatever problem has arisen. Instead of talking to no one, try doing something. Something positive that will help your situation. "Two hands working can accomplish more than a thousand clasped in prayer".
10:41 AM on 10/24/2011
False dichotomy.
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David MacWilliams
My micro-bio is no longer empty...
09:25 PM on 10/26/2011
False dichotomy? A statement of fact. One can spend all of his or her time on their knees making prayers to an imaginary being or actually DO SOMETHING to better their situation. You keep the prayers, I'll take the latter choice and actually accomplish something ...
03:41 PM on 10/19/2011
"George Bush says he speaks to god every day, and christians love him for it. If George Bush said he spoke to god through his hair dryer, they would think he was mad. I fail to see how the addition of a hair dryer makes it any more absurd." Anonymous
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12:58 AM on 10/19/2011
Small's prayers resemble existing Eastern Philosophy's meditations and search for creative energy within us. The model of prayer suggested by Jeffrey Small does not only require a different model of god, but the relinquishing of scriptural religions. These religions dictate where, when and how to pray.