iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
John Bridgeland

John Bridgeland

America's Job Surplus and the College Completion Crisis

Posted: 03/25/11 05:54 PM ET

This post was co-authored by John M. Bridgeland and Jessica Milano

How can it be that today, in the midst of the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression and millions of Americans seeking work, that 53 percent of employers -- and 67 percent of small business employers that create most new jobs -- find it difficult to find qualified workers? How can a workforce desperate for new jobs appear so helpless amid so many businesses desperate to hire?

The answers to those questions lie at the heart of a new divide that has developed within the American economy. Over the last several decades, a chasm has emerged to divide the skills of the nation's workforce, as they exist, and the demands of the nation's job market. Today, America has only 45 million workers who have the training and skills to fill 97 million jobs that require some post-secondary education. U.S. companies have to choose among importing skilled workers, outsourcing jobs, or relocating operations in markets overseas with a rising supply of skilled and affordable workers. At the same time, the nation has more than 100 million candidates for only 61 million low-skill, low-wage positions. If America wants to remain competitive, we will have to expand our supply of high- and middle-skill workers.

But that will require more than just pointing high school graduates in the direction of their nearest college campus. The national spotlight on "access" to college has shrouded another priority: ensuring that those who enter college programs graduate with the skills and credentials they will need to succeed in the workforce and help America remain competitive around the world. Today, more than 70 percent of high school graduates enroll in some kind of advanced education within two years. Yet, just over one-half of bachelor's degree candidates complete their degree within six years, and less than one-third of associate's degree candidates earn their degree within three years. America has a serious college completion crisis.

The first step to overcoming this crisis is to broaden our definition of "college." Despite the conventional wisdom that bachelor's degrees are critical to success, the job market of the future will demand a vast new supply of talented graduates of a diverse range of postsecondary programs, including those that are two-years or less. By the end of this decade, about an equal percentage of jobs will require a bachelor's degree or better (33%) as some college or a two-year associate's degree (30%). Not recognizing the value of career credentials and associate's degrees is hindering our efforts to meet the needs of employers.

The second step is to recognize that as the costs of higher education outstrip what many can afford, businesses and colleges, especially community colleges which offer shorter-term degrees, need to do more to allow students to "earn and learn" at the same time. More than 80 percent of college leaders and 60 percent of college dropouts identified financial pressures such as needing to work as a major challenge to students completing their degrees. Compounding this challenge is that oftentimes the work students do outside the classroom to pay the bills has little relevance to the degrees for which they are studying, and so rather than enhancing their studies and increasing their motivation to finish their degree, it often becomes a competing priority for their time.

Ultimately, it is crucial that American businesses work collaboratively with higher education to provide internships, apprenticeships, cooperative learning experiences, and to ensure that they are producing graduates with the competencies required by the business community. As the former Chairman and CEO of Procter & Gamble John Pepper recently stated, "Closing the skills gap is an important issue for business leaders, for citizens, and for the country as a whole." If America wants to regain its place in the world and restore the American Dream for millions of our people, closing the skills gap must be priority number one.

John M. Bridgeland and Jessica Milano of Civic Enterprises released new research this week on America's college completion crisis and skills gap in connection with the Grad Nation Summit in Washington, D.C.

 

Follow John Bridgeland on Twitter: www.twitter.com/@civicenterpris

 
 
  • Comments
  • 42
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Arrive2 net
Likes higher education+psychology stories, and own
02:04 AM on 04/02/2011
It's possible to frame this issue as a problem in supply and demand. An employer can usually find all the skills needed if the employer can pay enough. The employer may be buying the employees from other employers though. I think the thrust of the article is to provide support for the idea of providing incentives during the degree/major selection process so students are encouraged to choose majors that are likely to be in demand.

Bernard Schuster
Arrive2.net
Twitter.com/arrive2.net
02:40 PM on 03/29/2011
There are tons of available jobs in science and engineering. These are probably the jobs that this article is talking about. Go to Monster.com and type in engineering, pick anywhere in the country, there are tons of jobs. These are also the jobs that drive industry, create whole new business sectors, and change the world as we know it. This is what Obama wants to see more of.

It is absolutely true that you must have a college degree, with good grades to boot, before you can even begin to fathom the design and development of new electronics, medicines, etc. Most science and engineering graduates with decent grades will have no trouble finding jobs.

I feel bad for the folks who think their college degree is worthless. That means there are either no jobs available in that profession, you got a job unrelated to your actual degree, or the degree isn't a profession in the first place (all to common).

The few college dropouts who made it big (i.e. Bill Gates) weren't lazy, they dropped out because they were extraordinarily smart and ahead of their time, knew how to make it big, and didn't want to miss their chance in a fast paced world. This is the exception, not the rule.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ritamary
12:52 PM on 03/29/2011
If employers cannot find employees with the skill set they need, why not some on-the-job training?
photo
cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
02:54 PM on 03/29/2011
Yes, rather than whine about not finding "qualified" candidates, why not have the employer take some responsibility to train the employees with the skills they are looking for?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
06:56 PM on 03/29/2011
Costs money, cyclone70, and so of course they'd rather have the skill set already embedded in the new employee's neural system.
11:02 AM on 03/29/2011
There are no jobs - oh, I mean good jobs. I've seen this type of hype several times over the last few years, first in teaching, then in nursing, and there is virtually no job market for either. I live in the Chicago area, and this year, there is one opening in the suburban area for a high school English teacher - one. How many graduates? Many, many.....some graduating fresh from the university, but many, many more coming out of two year "cohort" non-selective profit center diploma mills. These programs flooded the market with teachers - and usually cost 20-30k, and are taught by cheap adjuncts. Gross. The same has happened in nursing, tons of schools, lots of graduates, no jobs. In both professions, one of the reasons there are so few jobs is that once a person has one of these jobs, they don't leave. In generations past, one could leave these jobs, raise a family, and get another one. No longer - so people don't leave these jobs, creating opportunity for others. This is true in all industries - any job worth having is fought over. The only ones that are open are pretty undesirable.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
06:57 PM on 03/29/2011
A pretty desirable situation for employers, wouldn't you say?
10:32 AM on 03/28/2011
The aggregate skill level is actually fine. What's skewed here is the unrealistic, absurdly high expectations of employers in the midst of the current glut of available talent. With so many people applying for the same job, it's expected that the perfect superstar is going to emerge and it usually doesn't because, well, it's not realistic no matter what the job market is like.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
11:22 AM on 03/28/2011
You may be wrong. A lot of graduating students these days have little sound knowledge of the basics of English, mathematics, science, or any other skill that an employer would prize.
01:35 PM on 03/28/2011
It's specious to say a generation of students have lower skill levels (to the extremes you're saying) than their predecessors, given this is to date the most educated, best-read* generation to date. Furthermore, these types of skills are difficult to assess in a job interview. The only things a job interview can assess are ones ability to interview, and ones general speaking ability and personality. And these are nothing but soft skills that don't really pertain to the supposed dearth of skills and qualification.

As always, generational change is equated to generational decline. Clearly, only a few truly gain wisdom with age.

*At least by volume, there's no question about it. The generation that grew up more or less constantly communicating digitally with peers and teachers has certainly learned a thing or two about "the basics of English" along the way.
photo
cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
03:05 PM on 03/29/2011
do you have any real data to support this assertion, or just some anecdotes or something they said on AM radio?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert SF
07:54 AM on 03/28/2011
How can it be that today, in the midst of the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression and millions of Americans seeking work, that 53 percent of employers -- and 67 percent of small business employers that create most new jobs -- find it difficult to find qualified workers?
===

That answer is that it can't be. It's a lie. It is not true that a significant number of jobs sit unfilled because employers can't find skilled-enough workers. If you notice, very rarely are any specifics given, and when they are, the story usually winds up being something else.

http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/10/is-any-job-better-than-no-job.html
Consider the story that appeared a few months ago about a small manufacturing company whose owner complained that he couldn't find workers to fill machinist positions. He didn't even demand experience, saying he would train anybody. Wow, a machinist job that doesn't require experience? Sign me up!

Not so fast. Upon closer inspection, it turned out that these were not machinist jobs. They were machine operator jobs. Basically, they needed someone just strong enough to load the machine with blanks, and just smart enough to pull the handle when the alarm goes off. The jobs paid $13/hour.

So yes, if you game the situation just so, you can always claim you can't find "that special person." Microsoft's been doing that since the 1980s.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
07:01 PM on 03/29/2011
Robert, I'm just not sure that your assertions are worthy of the same level of trust as the percentages cited. Certainly we would have to look at the study that came up with the numbers. But you cannot state that the numbers are impossible without having sampled a representative number of people. The first criterion of science, remember, is reliable data.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert SF
09:06 PM on 03/29/2011
My assertions don't need to be worthy of the same level of trust. Keep in mind that I'm rejected an oft-stated argument that as never been proven and that is illogical in its face. The percentages are often just quoted from "studies show," but it makes no logical sense for business to leave money on the table just because the labor force doesn't know how to do the work. If there's money to be made, business will train the workforce (as it has done historically and until about the 1980s).

This whole bogus claim (which I will claim is bogus until it's supported) started with companies claiming they couldn't find programmers in the 1980s. They downright lied to Congress, leading it to believe that because it was such a new field, there just weren't any trained American programmers. That was bull. Programming has been a field since the 1950s, and certainly since the 1960s.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bccmeteorites
Don't believe everything NASA says.
05:47 PM on 04/03/2011
Ah yes Bill Gates and his HB-1 tin foil hat.
06:49 PM on 03/27/2011
Most of my friends an co-workers who have a 4 year degree will acknowledge that they have not used one single thing they 'learned' in College. College has become a credential, we are a credential based workforce more now rather than a skill based workforce.

College simply does not teach skills which can be applied to a job or it only teaches some skills from an academic standpoint.

There are many jobs where a credential or degree is not required. In manufacturing, most of these jobs have been shipped overseas due to lower costs and the lack of workers willing to take these jobs at home.

interesting article.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
vonbek
Forget revolution we need evolution
01:14 AM on 03/28/2011
BS sorry I was very happy in my manufacturing job making 14 bucks an hour they shipped it overseas cause they could pay someone else 3 bucks a day.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert SF
07:56 AM on 03/28/2011
But what specific skills are needed to do most white collar jobs these days?

Most simply don't require any.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bccmeteorites
Don't believe everything NASA says.
05:48 PM on 04/03/2011
Lie cheat and steal.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
02:18 PM on 03/27/2011
The author brings up a very good point: There is a mismatch between the skills acquired by college graduates and the skills required by businesses.

Business just doesn't need that many social workers, political scientists, psychologists, and journalists. I'm not denigrating these skills...But we just don't need nearly as many of these people as colleges are producing.
photo
runswithscissors
Hobson's Choice ≠ Free Will
02:28 AM on 03/27/2011
Ever stop to think that maybe students are dropping out because they see the vast majority of their friends with degrees working at Red Lobster full time and then doing odd jobs on the side so that they can afford to pay off their college debts? Why continue to amass debt when the jobs aren't there? A degree isn't worth half as much to the ones doing the hiring as an overseas employee who will work for $4 a day. And all the rationalizing in the world on their behalf won't change that fact.
photo
cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
10:46 AM on 03/28/2011
thats right, who wants to spend thousands go deep into to debt and years of their life to study for the next job on the boat to india?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
06:12 PM on 03/26/2011
Most of the data is unsupported. The "skills gap" is an invention to distract the citizen from the criminal status quo. It is a myth.
photo
wmnorton
Moderate where moderate used to be
09:08 AM on 03/26/2011
By definition 50% of the population is below average. That means that 50% of the work force will not be able to do these high skill jobs. What are we going to do with these people? There are only so many jobs for janitors. It is time to return manufactureing to this country. The easist way would be to impose tariffs. Haven't seen many politicians talk about this. NAFTA might have been alright if we had paused and not had any other free trade agreements untill that was fully integrated. But the politicians went wild. We need to understand that free trade is not good when we end up importing more than we export. Time to end all these free trade agreements and insist on fair trade. Fair trade is when you buy as much from us as we buy from you.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
vonbek
Forget revolution we need evolution
01:17 AM on 03/28/2011
Yep, just look at what free trade did to the British empire it was the same for the Dutch. When a countries financial sector becomes its economic engine it is running on fumes and it is not going to end pretty.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
11:25 AM on 03/28/2011
Well you already know that about the United States - pretty is the last adjective that will be applicable. But that's what the country collectively wants and is in the process of achieving for itself.
06:17 AM on 03/26/2011
I know plenty of people who have the skills for those kinds of jobs. This is bogus!
04:58 PM on 03/26/2011
I agree with you! This is such a bogus article and the suggestions for how to address the so-called "gap" is irrelevant. In fact, this article does not address the problem at all.
photo
cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
10:48 AM on 03/28/2011
Yep, I know engineers driving trucks, certified welders stocking store shelves, electronics tech running a video rental store, IT guys fixing copiers and installing cable
photo
cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
09:06 PM on 03/25/2011
there is no shortage of skilled, semi skilled or educated workers in the US there is a shortage of oppportunities for these workers, and there is a shortage of workers willing to work for thrid world wages

how come these guys can never tell us just what skills are lacking? surely many of the out of work engineers and IT people could be retrained for these supposed jobs?

pull back the curtain on those who claim the skills shortage and you will often find they have an increased offshoring or immigration agenda.

Employers also wil often have unrealistic expectations and laundry lists of requirements regardless of whether or not they actually pertain to the position at hand HR depts use this as a screening tool

and where is the responsibility of the employer to provide job specific training?
08:21 PM on 03/25/2011
Yes, Americans are "unskilled." That is why we can't get jobs. Hilarious. The head of Eli Lilly laid off 5,000 workers and then went on to say he can't find any skilled scientists. That is funny cause he fired them all. It is a just an excuse to offshore everything.

More education. What a red herring to load young people with debt. If there were so many high tech and high skilled jobs in this country then why are wages stagnant or falling in the STEM fields. Supply and demand aren't showing this "skills gap." Why is it that the US invents and develops solar energy (a lot of it funded off the taxpayer) and then we let the companies ship all the production abroad where foreign governments subsidize like crazy the companies (nevermind those governments didn't have any skin in the game in terms of the high risk invention).

Read this article with regard to the so called "unskilled" American crisis. It is sick to tell an American to load themselves up with huge amounts of debt to only not be able to support themselves

http://www.nationalaffairs.com/doclib/20080710_20031533doweneedmorescientistsmichaelsteitelbaum.pdf
05:17 PM on 03/26/2011
Science,
I don't know if your nom de plume is earned,but 85 % of last years grads are unemployed.Certainly,almost all of these are in the less intellectually challenging majors ( humanities,Liberal Arts,etc Glenn Reynolds has been talking of the "Higher Ed Bubble" for some time.A degree in a light weight field is god for the colleges,but not the students.
And,it's one reason the government work force has grown.Private sector employment cabn't use these people.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bccmeteorites
Don't believe everything NASA says.
06:03 PM on 04/03/2011
fanned.
08:10 PM on 03/25/2011
Students who make the life of the mind a priority will acquire the skills that attract employers. What employer would overlook candidates that possess excellent writing, critical thinking, and problem solving skills? Colleges and universities need to emphasize these skills (not mutually exclusive) as the end of education, not job placement. We need to ask the right questions.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ritamary
01:28 PM on 03/29/2011
I have not encountered any employer interested in any way with "the life of the mind". They are interested in people who just have enough intelligence and education to do the job, no more. Critical thinking might lead to questioning the methods the employer uses to stay in business.