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'Parentese': Can Speaking To Your Baby This Way Make Her Smarter? (VIDEO)

Posted: 12/02/10 08:51 AM ET

For the longest time, we couldn't figure out the words coming from our nine-month-old son Josh.

Whenever he took a car ride, he would start saying the word "dah," repeating it over and over again as we strapped him into his car seat, "Dah dah dah, goo, dah dah, big-dah, big-dah." It often sounded like a child's version of an old Police song. We couldn't decode it and would just respond, a bit sheepishly, "Dah?" He would emphatically reply, "Dah." Sometimes our response made him happy. Sometimes it didn't do anything at all.

It wasn't until we were tooling down the interstate one fine, sunny day, moon-roof wide open to the clouds, that we finally figured it out.

Josh saw an airplane flying overhead and shouted excitedly, "Sky-dah! Sky-dah!" My wife suddenly understood. "I think he means airplane!" she said. She asked him, pointing to the sky, "Sky-dah?" Josh cheerily replied, "Sky-dah!" Just then a big noisy semi-truck passed us, and Josh pointed to it with concern. "Big-dah, Big-dah," he said. My wife pointed at the truck too, now shrinking in the distance. "Big-dah?" she asked, and he responded excitedly, "Big-dah!" Then "dah, dah, dah."

We got it. For whatever reason, "dah" had become Joshua's word for "vehicle." Later, Josh and I watched a ship cross Puget Sound. I pointed to the container vessel and guessed, "Water-dah?" He sat up, staring at me like I was from Mars. "Wet-dah," he declared, like a mildly impatient professor addressing a slow student.

Few interactions with children are as much fun as learning to speak their language. As they learn to speak ours, heaping tablespoons of words into their minds is one of the healthiest things parents can do for their brains.

Speak to your children as often as you can. It is one of the most well-established findings in all of the developmental literature -- which is why it is among those detailed in my new book, "Brain Rules for Baby: How to Raise a Smart and Happy Child From Zero to Five."

The linkage between words and smarts was discovered through some pretty invasive research. In one study, investigators descended upon a family's home every month for three years and jotted down every aspect of verbal communication parents gave their children. They measured size of vocabulary, diversity and growth rate of vocabulary, frequency of verbal interaction, and the emotional content of the speech. Just before the visits were finished, the researchers gave IQ tests. They did this with more than 40 families, then followed up years later.

Through exhaustive analysis of this amazingly tough work, two very clear findings emerged:

1) The variety and number of words matter.

The more parents talk to their children, even in the earliest moments of life, the better their kids' linguistic abilities become and the faster that improvement is achieved. The gold standard is 2,100 words per hour. The variety of the words spoken (nouns, verbs, and adjectives used, along with the length and complexity of phrases and sentences) is nearly as important as the number of words spoken. So is the amount of positive feedback.

You can reinforce language skills through interaction: looking at your infant; imitating his vocalizations, laughter and facial expressions; rewarding her language attempts with heightened attention.

Children whose parents talked positively, richly and regularly to them knew twice as many words as kids whose parents talked to them the least. When these kids entered the school system, their reading, spelling and writing abilities soared above those of children in less verbal households. Even though babies don't respond like adults, they are listening, and it is good for them.

2) Talking increases IQ.

Talking to children early in life raises their IQs, too, even after controlling for important variables such as income. By age three, kids who were talked to regularly by their parents (called the talkative group) had IQ scores 1.5 times higher than those kids whose parents talked to them the least (called the taciturn group). This increase in IQ is thought to be responsible for the talkative group's uptick in grades.

It takes a real live person to benefit your baby's brain, so get ready to exercise your vocal cords. Not the portable DVD players, not your television's surround sound, but your vocal cords.

What should you say and how should you say it? Find out in these videos:

WATCH:



Watch more parenting videos or learn more about your baby's brain at brainrules.net.

John Medina is a developmental molecular biologist and author of the New York Times bestseller "Brain Rules." His latest book is "Brain Rules for Baby: How to Raise a Smart and Happy Child from Zero to Five." He is an affiliate Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Washington School of Medicine. He is also the director of the Brain Center for Applied Learning Research at Seattle Pacific University.

 
 
 

Follow John Medina, Ph.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/babybrainrules

 
 
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04:02 PM on 12/04/2010
When my children were babies, both my spouse and I talked to them a lot. We didn't use baby talk, in excess, especially as they began to learn to speak. They have all excelled academically, and each in different ways (a PhD in physics; a Bachelor in Business Adm; and a Bachelor in Computer Science). But reading, writing, comprehension always seemed to come quite naturally for them.
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Bryan Elliott
12:44 PM on 12/04/2010
I talk to babies and children as if they're people that don't understand how to talk yet. That is to say, I try to interpret, but I use normal, well enunciated language.

I don't know if it's better for them or not, but I suspect that if my interpretations are on the mark, the sound intention association will be made more clearly than if I were talking like a schitz.
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alahnar
A strange bedfellow indeed
07:12 PM on 12/03/2010
What I don't understand is all this hate on baby talk. Baby talk can be just as useful as adult talk, provided they're intermixed. Why do parents think that just by virtue of being a parent, they know everything about raising a child? Normal, adult language is invaluable in helping a child's vocabulary grow, but to say that baby talk is damaging or unhelpful is just ignorant.
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playsindirt
So much dirt, so little time.
03:33 PM on 12/03/2010
No baby talk. Learn from my mistakes. When I had my kids, baby talk was acceptable and even encouraged but I realized too late that you have to talk to your child in real English like an adult. That's how the vocabulary and conversational skills grow.
07:00 PM on 12/03/2010
Any linguist can tell you this is nonsense.
07:25 AM on 12/04/2010
Completely disagree. Obviously when your kids grow older you have to stop, but baby talk is a very natural thing. If a parent naturally just does it and feels the instinct to do it, then it must be the best thing to do.
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Ljilja
http://graciouslivingdaybyday.com/
10:40 AM on 12/03/2010
With love!

http://graciouslivingdaybyday.com/
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09:56 PM on 12/02/2010
Like an adult.
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Reno Fickler
Head Lifeguard/Dead Sea Marina
09:48 PM on 12/02/2010
A 2 year old and a sponge have something in common. They tend to absorb whatever is around them.
Leave many simple books (illustrated) on various subjects, animals, stars, rocks, etc laying around.
They will look at them. And like he says, talk to them like they are adults. A LOT.
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Niet
09:48 PM on 12/02/2010
When my brother was 3 (and I 17, thus his permanent babysitter), he went through a little street crossing rebellion. He didn't want to have to hold anyone's hand because he figured he was big enough to cross a little street all on his own. It went from whining, wriggling and crying to outright mad dashes into traffic giggling at his clever escape while car tires screeched and I almost keeled over at an early age of panic.

One day, as things were really getting dangerous, I got it in my head that maybe if I just explained the situation to him, he'd get it. "It's not that I want to control you" I said, "it's that those cars can hurt or even kill you and then you would be gone and I would be sad because I love you and don't want that to happen"... "oh" he said, and took my hand and we never had to talk about that again.

Today, he's 23 and about one of the most articulate and intelligent people I know, and he teaches gymnastics to little kids for a living!
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bmermaid
innocent bystander
09:45 PM on 12/02/2010
I'll never forget when my son, 10 months old, would ask, everywhere we would go, "waz at?" I knew he was asking "what's that?" So I would tell him; that's a light, that's a tree, that's a toy. We had so much fun. He's 26 years old now- still brilliant.
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Aimee Bellefleur Hogan
I'm still here. Is that micro enough?
02:15 AM on 12/08/2010
LOL! My son used to do the same thing. Too cute!
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ecotopian
I am nerd, hear me geek
01:53 PM on 12/02/2010
When my now 12 year old daughter was a toddler and was starting to talk, she pointed to a semi-truck and called it "car car". The driver got a kick out of that. She would call flowers "flew flews". When she passed a line of BMWs, she pointed to the blue and white roundels and said "Flew flew car, flew flew car..." all the way down the line. We still laugh about it.

She has gone to become a very good reader. She and her sister both finished the Harry Potter series in about three weeks last year. They now have the series almost completely memorized.

BTW, her sister's first word was "airplane". Not a baby talk version, the real word airplane. She started school early.
01:41 PM on 12/02/2010
Baby talk just teaches them to talk wrong! We spoke to both my babies in normal adult voices, but we talked to them A LOT, which included tons of being read to from all kinds of books. They had huge, advanced vocabularies by the time they started school. They are both in their 20's now and very articulate.
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01:44 AM on 12/03/2010
"Baby talk just teaches them to talk wrong!"

Baloney.

I feel so bad for kids who aren't allowed to have booboos. "Here, let Mommy kiss your mild contusion, Poindexter."

Adult talk for a baby makes as much sense as adult clothes for a baby. Sure it can work; it's just dumb. Would you take a neophyte skier down a double-diamond slope ... because that's the way advanced users of skis do it?

Let them do their verbal snowplowing for a while. Ski/talk with them on the linguistic bunny hill. It's fun. Let them see you taking joy in what they take joy in--which sometimes includes systematic pronunciation, grammar and syntax "failures". In a week or a month they will self-correct on a given "error" and you can leave that childhood trinket behind at about the same time they do.

For every thing there is a season. Let them guide you.

My offspring have wicked vocabularies and impressive lists of accomplishments. This after upbringings in which they were allowed to be the little dickens they happened to be at a given age, not a mini-me.

Love them like crazy. Don't imagine that they are some project you are building. They are whole people on day one. They just need to unfold. There is a right order to unfolding. Violating it risks strains and tears. Some of which don't show up till much later.

Toddlers who talk like Donald Sutherland are just creepy, anyway.
07:02 PM on 12/03/2010
Well put! It is baloney. Baby talk is used in every culture, (except a few communal groups who don't speak to kids at all, and wonder of wonders, their kids learn to speak just fine from listening to adult conversation!), and it doesn't affect language development.
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Debby Carroll
Author, Raising Amazing Children
12:05 PM on 12/02/2010
It's true babies needs are simple but the joy of interacting with them cannot be overstated or overvalued. Plus, it's fun. When she was about 18-months-old, our daughter mysteriously started saying "Malcolm" whenever we handed her anything. We realized that in trying to teach her manners, we had taught her to say "thank you," when given something. We'd say, "you're welcome" in response. Apparently, she thought we were correcting her with "you're welcome" instead of thank you, and being eager to please, she switched from "thank you" to "you're welcome," or, in the closest approximation, "Malcolm." We still laugh about it and she turns 30 this year. And, yes, she says "thank you" just fine.
http://raisingamazingdaughters.wordpress.com
02:17 AM on 12/04/2010
Cute. My daughter started saying, "Ponies," when she would burp. At first we tried to tell her you say, "Excuse me," when you burp--not, "Ponies." Then I heard my Dad say, "Pardon me, " when he squeezed past me in the hall.

Mystery solved.
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Oregonian76
Just a guy from the PacNW
11:48 AM on 12/02/2010
I disagree that "dah" meant "vehicle". "Dah" is simply one of the easier sounds a child can make. My 14 month old daughter lets out a lot of dahs and bahs when pointing at all manner of objects. Sometimes she's pointing to the dog. Sometimes she's point to her sippy cup. Sometimes she's pointing to the gate at the bottom of the stairs. I respond by letting her point to what it is that she wants, say the word to reinforce it, and then we move along merrily. Her inflection has already changed when pointing at certain objects, so certain "dah"s are very obviously turning into "dog" or "go" or whatever it is she's actually asking for.

The thing that works is simply talking like a normal person. Children are going to learn at their own pace. Baby-talk is a bad idea because it reinforces the wrong sounds and the child doesn't learn the words he/she really needs to know.
07:04 PM on 12/03/2010
Again, nonsense. One of the first things we learned in our first linguistic classes was that parents almost universally believe that they 'teach' their children to talk. They don't.
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littlepuffycloud
I propose a toast to my self control...
11:46 AM on 12/02/2010
When my older daughter was a baby, she used to say 'onggeenk' over and over and at first we thought it meant bottle, but then we figured out it meant blanket. When we figured it out and handed her the blanket, she got very excited, laughing and moving around. She never went to bed with a bottle or used a pacifier, but she had to have her onggeenk with its satin edging, which she held in a certain way and rubbed between her thumb and forefinger. She kept that blanket until she was 7 when it was mistakenly thrown out at her first sleepover. It was a small rag by then with 4" of the satin edge left. Her little friend's mother was sick and went through the trash but never found it. My daughter was upset about it at first, but she was able to let onggeenk go and by later the same day, she was fine. Every once and a while now good ol' Onngeenk will come up in conversation and we have a laugh about it. My daughter's now 33.
11:32 AM on 12/02/2010
Well not all applied to my daughter. As a baby she used to call Dora the Explorer "Doya", . If however I spoke of Dora the explorer as "Doya", she would look at me strangely and correct me instantly by saying it very slow and loudly "D-o-y-a" (I guess she thought the was saying D-o-r-a)