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John Merrow

John Merrow

Posted: December 24, 2010 10:54 AM

It's Time to Debate Teacher Tenure


"If I could change one thing, I would get rid of tenure." - Larry Rosenstock, founder of High Tech High and winner of the 2010 McGraw Prize in Education, at a public forum, September 2010.

"So would I." - Stephen McMahon, President of San Jose (CA) Teachers Union, in response.

"I could care less about tenure." - Dal Lawrence, former president of the Toledo Federation of Teachers, in an interview, November 2010.

"I have started using the words 'due process' myself. I think 'tenure' is a loaded word." - Randi Weingarten, President of the American Federation of Teachers, in an e-mail, November 2010.

What on earth is going on here? Is the question of tenure actually up for debate and discussion? If so, it's long overdue. And is it possible that teacher unions will take the initiative?

Teacher tenure is closely connected to the flawed evaluation process. After all, an evaluation system --like the current one -- that finds 97 percent of teachers to be "satisfactory" or better will have no trouble handing out lifetime jobs.

"Tenure should be a significant and consequential milestone in a teacher's career," notes the National Council on Teacher Quality. "Unfortunately, the awarding of tenure occurs virtually automatically in just about all states, with little deliberation or consideration of evidence of teacher performance. Teacher effectiveness in the classroom, rather than years of experience, should be the preponderant criterion in tenure decisions."

In the current system, most public school teachers gain tenure, generally speaking a lifetime job, after just three years of teaching. In eight states, including California and Maryland, tenure is granted after two years. Hawaii and Mississippi offer tenure after just one year, and our nation's capital requires no set amount of teaching performance before granting tenure. In other words, many school administrators are forced to make this critical and lasting decision halfway through a teacher's first or second year in the classroom.

That's changing. Several state legislatures may pass laws that eliminate teacher tenure. The New York City school administration has just acted to make attaining tenure more difficult, by requiring principals to do more than check off a box or two (the old way). New York has a problem; in the last school year, only 234 teachers out of the nearly 6,400 who were eligible for tenure were denied it. That's 3.7 percent. It was even easier four years earlier, when only 0.4 percent of those eligible were denied tenure. Under the new rules, principals must now consider a teacher's contributions in and out of the classroom and his students' performance on standardized tests.

What's the right course of action? Get rid of tenure while maintaining due process protections? Make it more difficult to achieve? Or perhaps have term contracts for five or 10 years at a clip?
I have an opinion on this but would like to hear yours first.

 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GaryA
Business Insider Contributor
02:40 AM on 01/24/2011
I wouldn't put up with those kids for a five year contract.
03:35 PM on 01/17/2011
Until we value parenting and families in this country it will hard to make any substantial academic gains in the public schools. The ethnic groups with the highest out-of-wedlock birthrates are the same groups that perform lowest on these standardized tests.

Instead of teachers as miracle workers we should have a national discussion about parenting and families.

It can begin with the book Teenagers Say the Darndest Things found at the scribd site by Irwin DaGuru.
02:50 PM on 12/30/2010
The two-tier system in higher education, especially in community colleges in CA, almost makes the discussion of tenure a satire of itself. In one classroom, a tenured instructor teaches English 100, while in the next room a contingent instructor with zero protection and peanut pay teaches Eng. 100. Both sets of students expect accreditational quality that lets them transfer or obtain an AA degree, and both sets pay the same tuition. What is the so-called estoeric and rareified value of tenure and all its protections when both the administration AND tenureds convey it's OK that over two thirds of the instructors don't have to have tenure because saving money and a scared and quiet teaching force are far more valuable? As long as the two-tier system exists, tenure will go the way of elevator attendents and real humans on the other end of customer service calls.
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GlennWatson
Two million fans
06:33 PM on 12/29/2010
The single most powerful in-school determinant of student success is not the quality of the teacher but the effort of the student.

I can prove this easily.

In middle and high school students have multiple teachers. Students who do poorly invariably do poorly in multiple classes with multiple teachers over multiple years.

Either all the teachers were to blame or the kid was. What do you think?
01:20 PM on 12/30/2010
Neither the kids nor the teacher is to blame. Rather an administration's misconceived policy that continues to socially promote students into grades years beyond their actual ability without language or math skills is the culprit. Single-subject secondary credentialed teachers are specialists without the remedial skill set necessary to address what their students need. The longer schools wait to address deficits, the less likely they are to succeed. Geoffrey Canada of the Harlem Childrens Zone discovered that students in his poor minority community arrived at kindergarten having hear 3 million less words than their more affluent counterparts. By addressing this prenatal, and with Baby College to educate the parents on how to nurture their children, one does not have to play the blame game. 10 years later 10,000 Harlem kids score at a level never achieved before. So why is it public schools cannot do this. NYC and LAUSD have exactly the purposefully failed public education systems they want. Educate Latinos and you lose your cheap labor force. Educate Blacks and you have to finally address 400 years of incredibly nasty history. Better to have a public education system where minorities are taught to live up to their stereotypical inferior levels so they don't embarrass anybody with their uncultivated excellence. At perdaily.com we talk about what you don't read in the mainstream media. In 2011 we go national as a forum for the majority in this country that want real and accountable public education reform.
10:42 AM on 12/27/2010
As an independent journalist please explain this:
The Gates foundation funds a complex web of media calling into question the objectivit­y of journalist­s and media outlets desperate for funding. The Columbia Journalism Review questioned the partnershi­p Gates formed with PBS NewsHour:
http://www­.cjr.org/t­he_observa­tory/how_r­ay_suarez_­really_cau­ght_t.php?­page=all

"By funding the NewsHour as well as Public Radio Internatio­nal, the foundation heightens general awareness of and support for global health. However, while the Gateses might not have advocated for specific programs, they and their foundation do have distinct policy preference­s and require strict compliance­. Furthermor­e, the foundation­’s policy-agn­ostic advocacy efforts link together with its policy-sha­ping efforts, again by influencin­g the media."
10:39 AM on 12/27/2010
As an independent journalist, please explain this:
The Gates foundation funds a complex web of media calling into question the objectivit­y of journalist­s and media outlets desperate for funding. The Columbia Journalism Review questioned the partnershi­p Gates formed with PBS NewsHour:
http://www­.cjr.org/t­he_observa­tory/how_r­ay_suarez_­really_cau­ght_t.php?­page=all

"By funding the NewsHour as well as Public Radio Internatio­nal, the foundation heightens general awareness of and support for global health. However, while the Gateses might not have advocated for specific programs, they and their foundation do have distinct policy preference­s and require strict compliance­. Furthermor­e, the foundation­’s policy-agn­ostic advocacy efforts link together with its policy-sha­ping efforts, again by influencin­g the media."
01:35 PM on 12/29/2010
It's gobbledy-gook for "The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funds organizations and programs that represent the founders' philosophy."

This, of course, is true of every charitable foundation. World health and education reform are hardly nefarious plots. They do insist upon a scientific/empirical approach, which offends some people.
10:38 AM on 12/27/2010
How about a debate on poverty and its impact on learning instead of teacher tenure ?
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Andy Clark
unappreciated servant to society (teacher)
02:18 PM on 12/27/2010
Because that brings to light the extremely unbalanced distribution of wealth, exactly what the rich people owning/running the media don't want to see.
01:40 PM on 12/28/2010
That debate has been raging for some time, and in fact it's hardly a debate because everyone agrees it's a problem. Are you suggesting that we not address deficiencies in the education system until poverty is eradicated?

P.S., check out the work of Geoffrey Canada. He's tackling both, using education as a way out of poverty.
08:15 PM on 12/28/2010
What is the "it" that "everyone agrees" is a "problem"? As far as I can tell, American education, if you judge by the test scores, is doing quite well when it comes to middle class schools and above. It's doing dismally in working class and poor schools. Andy Clark is suggesting, I think, that the "problem" is not located so much in the schools, but in socio-economic class. All this shouting about the "problem" in the schools needs some serious parsing. And, after the issue is spliced to take class into account, it turns out there isn't such a big "problem" in the schools. What, then, we are left with is an agenda. That agenda, it seems, is to launch a frontal attack upon one of the last bastions of working class power in this country--the teachers' unions--as a way to siphon off some of the revenue in schooling for private profit. Corporatists do the same with other large "revenue sources" that benefit ordinary people, like social security and health care.
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Indigo1941
Time Traveler
07:32 AM on 12/27/2010
What is a stake is far more serious than teacher tenure, what is at stake is the philosophy of education. Through the intertia of public indifference, the schools have become warehouses to keep the children out of the job market until they reach a certain socially acceptable age. Warehousing does not require advanced academic accomplishments nor does it merit tenure, let alone "merit" pay. If or when something more lofty than warehousing becomes a focus of schooling, we can reevaluate the philosophy but for now, either teachers teach and hold tenure or warehouses house and most any competent baby-sitter/disciplinarian/classroom manager can handle the job.
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GlennWatson
Two million fans
09:44 AM on 12/28/2010
That’s ridiculous. Many students take full advantage of the benefits schools provide. The fact that some students don't is a problem but let’s not pretend schools are only warehouses. Schools are special places where young people can, if they are willing, learn and grow. And most kids do learn and grow.

Are schools perfect? No. Can we make them better? Yes. But by in large they are wonderful useful places, if the student is willing to work hard.
06:51 PM on 12/28/2010
They are not ONLY warehouses, but that is their primary role in our society. Again, you are avoiding reality because it does not coincide with your vision of how things ought to be (see David Hume). As an educator, I'm fully aware of what school can be (it saved my life, no kidding); however, I have had to come to terms with the fact that most of our society--from DC, to Wall Street, to Main Street--does not value education for anything outside of regulating and preparing a mediocre workforce which will also be a vociferous consumer base. One of the main complaints (as well as reasons for burnout) of committed teachers reflects this: educators are being allowed fewer and fewer opportunities to encourage critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity because teachers are restricted by curricula built around corporately-developed tests that reflect the desires of business and industry. The laudable exceptions that you mention are no less laudable, but they are much less likely in the current environment. Sorry.
01:48 PM on 12/29/2010
I loved school as a kid. It was better than home. However, I loved the library more. Any student willing to work hard, given a laptop with Internet access and a couple of like-minded friends, doesn't need school to learn.
01:44 PM on 12/29/2010
I share some of your concerns about warehousing. Many industrialized societies expect their young people to be in college, job training, or on the job years before we do. Why are we hanging on to 16 and 17 year olds? I'm convinced that part of our behavior problem is the result of expecting grown young people to continue to act like children when they are capable of being contributing members of our society. And sorry, Glenn, I just don't agree that there's much to be learned in a public high school. Four kids in front of a computer can learn a year's worth of material in a month. I agree with my kids -- the last two years of high school are worthless, and torture. On to college, or on to the workforce.

And while we are on the warehousing topic, what the heck is it with sitting for hours at desks in rows? Does anyone really believe that learning is what happens when you complete worksheets, or god forbid, peruse a public school textbook?
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ez duz it
οὐκ ἔστιν θεός
06:44 PM on 12/26/2010
Hi, Andy95--

If all students were equal and if the variables shared by all teachers within their classrooms were at relative parity, you’d have a compelling argument. No such world exists.

Administrators DO inequitably stack disruptive students as well as those with learning handicaps – including those with and without IEPs and 504 Plans – into the classrooms of new teachers, those out of favor with administration, and educators nearing the end of their careers with higher salaries. Unfortunately, your reiterated endorsement of “Value Added Testing,” does nothing to state, specifically, how teachers in those predicaments will be shielded from inequitable performance evaluations or termination.

The only way VAT can equitably provide a measure of each teacher's improvements relative to their students is that they have the same students for multiple years. Such “cadre” models are being successfully implemented in districts nationwide. Otherwise your contention that VAT “offers the best objective data correcting for variations among student populations” is unsupportable.

NCLB mandates that all students demonstrate “adequate yearly progress” via percentile scores and NGEs (National Grade Equivalents) on various batteries. Because students with very high academic achievement consistently score at the performance ceiling year after year, they will show no demonstrable growth via these percentile scores or NGEs. Should teachers be penalized for this? “No,” but according to your Madame Defarge scenario, “yes.”

If the names and test scores - over time - of individual students and their parents' names were published in the LA Times, you might have something.
06:59 PM on 12/26/2010
BRAVO !!
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ez duz it
οὐκ ἔστιν θεός
07:17 PM on 12/26/2010
Hi, lazybear--

Thanks! FnF

--ez
10:11 AM on 12/27/2010
EZ - A smart teacher such as yourself should be able to devise a system to adjust the data for special needs kids or top performers. But either way the teacher's job is to add learning to each kid for the school year. So you are arguing that special needs kids or top performers can't learn anymore or can't learn as much as others in the middle. Well if this is true, it would be good data too and would say the school needs to adjust to teach these kids as well or don't waste their time in school.

Publishing kids & parents names in the paper is troubling from an educator such as yourself. Public school teachers work for the taxpayers and they should know what they are getting.
11:11 AM on 12/27/2010
Public school teachers work for the taxpayer?

Teachers work for their students. Social responsibility and ethics are not based on money.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
morgansher
just disgusted in general
04:15 PM on 12/26/2010
There was a time when tenure used to work. It spoke to people's dedication and accomplishments. That changed back in the late 60s and 70s when it became an easy way to ride out the rest of one's career into retirement. One of the most destructive teachers in my high school was tenured; she didn't consider an academic year a good one until at least one of her students had an emotional breakdown in front of the class from her so-called "teasing." But, she was tenured, so the school board couldn't fire her much less remove her from the class room.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Andy Clark
unappreciated servant to society (teacher)
02:22 PM on 12/27/2010
i bet if a student had an emotional breakdown as you say, the administration would have had no problem finding grounds for firing said teacher.
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morgansher
just disgusted in general
03:06 PM on 12/27/2010
Sure... Today in 2010 the teacher would be out of there. That was not the case in 1970 and 71. Standards were different then.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
inmyhumbleopinion
Vote third party.
12:20 PM on 12/26/2010
As long as teachers are paid peanuts to educate our children, you'll have a tough time attracting new teachers to the field without tenure. Public sector jobs are notorious for low pay--the only thing that keeps government employees in those jobs is the financial security that comes with pensions and tenure.

So if you want to change that, you'll have to pay people as much or more than comparable private sector jobs. Greater pay means the best and brightest might actually consider teaching as an option--lord knows they have school loans to pay off and a teacher's salary as it currently stands won't allow for that.

Pay now with salary, or pay later with pensions/retirement funds. Either way, reform won't come cheaply.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Andy Clark
unappreciated servant to society (teacher)
02:24 PM on 12/27/2010
fanned and faved.
06:07 AM on 12/26/2010
Perhaps teacher would eaxchange job security for all of the following:

1. 50% Increase in salary.
2. Union negotiated labor contracts covering all of teaching personnel in the district, including charter.
3. The right to fire incompetent teachers in exchange for right of teachers to fire incompetent administrators ( principals, vice-principals,secretaries, custodians).

4, Stripping all School District administrators from civil job security and converting the district employees to year-to year contracts.

5. All School District Boards must have at least one VOTING teacher union representative.

6. All District salaries ( not just teachers) ties to student performance.

This would a good start.
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GlennWatson
Two million fans
07:36 AM on 12/26/2010
I would be willing to give up tenure and #1 just to get the rest of your list.
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Andy Clark
unappreciated servant to society (teacher)
02:25 PM on 12/27/2010
you've made the most sense i've seen all month. F&F
02:46 AM on 12/26/2010
Get rid of tenure. What matters is how well you are doing your job right now, not how long you've been doing it or how well you did it five years ago. If it takes 3-5 years in the classroom to become a competent teacher, then the first 3-5 years should be "probationary." Think of it as a residency, after which you apply for a real job.

On the other hand, if teacher quality is the issue, then going after tenure is too late in the process. It reminds me of old-fashioned quality control in software development, where you have a group of testers who put the finished product through its paces and find all of the bugs that need to be fixed. It's an expensive and time-consuming way to achieve quality. Better to tackle quality up-stream, i.e., by screening applicants and training them adequately (improve teacher education programs), and then by intensive evaluation and coaching in the first couple of years, where it will matter. All teachers should be observed constantly (I'm for video recording all classrooms), and provided with feedback that will encourage and enable improvement.
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huffponewbie
09:57 PM on 12/26/2010
I am so going to 4 years of college and 3-5 years of residency for a $30,000/year job. No thanks I'll take me and my education and passion elsewhere.
12:24 AM on 12/28/2010
Good idea.
01:32 AM on 12/27/2010
Have you really thought through being "for video recording in classrooms"? Are you a teacher?
12:28 AM on 12/28/2010
I've worked in several professions, and none were "unobserved" as teaching generally is. And yes, in some cases this involved video recording. Yes, it is uncomfortable. But getting feedback from people who actually observe you doing what you do day in and day out is one way you improve. Why would a teacher object to being video recorded? It's not like the teacher has an expectation of privacy in the classroom. In fact, wouldn't that expectation concern you?
01:27 AM on 12/26/2010
As a community college teacher, I work under a renewable one-year contract, which is problematic because it fosters insecurity and perpetually threatens instability. (In effect, cc teachers are really just glorified adjuncts, often paid less than public school teachers.) However, I have seen how the tenure process operates in both K-12 schools and in four-year-plus institutions of higher learning. Some deserve tenure--stress "some"--probably about half. For too many, it becomes 1) a game to win (universities make it so), 2) an unwarranted "achievement," and at worst, 3) a means to hold school systems hostage. Like other professions, teachers should probably work for two or three 3-5 year contracts before being awarded elite status, and even after that point, the review process should carry weight. There will have to be a quid pro quo. Our society will have to to view and treat teachers as professionals, which it currently does not. Reviews will need to be transparent, and they will need to be conducted by objective visiting panels of fellow educators and education experts--not peers (too much backstabbing), not primarily by administrators (too much system politics and nepotism), not by one-size-fits-all corporate/government assessments (too little attention paid to pedagogy), and not by politicians (too much ignorance and/or ideological whim). So, there will need to be an interrelated "education revolution" in schools and in society as a whole. Barring such, U.S. education will continue as it has.
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MiddleMolly
Working to better the USA!
12:38 AM on 12/26/2010
I taught in a private school system for several years. We did not have tenure; I believe that few private schools have tenure. We had an evaluation committee that visited teachers and determined who should be commended, who needed some kind of remedial attention, and who should be shown the door.

I'd like to say that the best teachers stayed and the worst ones were let go, but this really didn't happen. Many of the best teachers left the school or left teaching. Teacher evaluations became too political and often an influential parent with a few allies among the senior teachers could drum out a competent teacher.

At least we didn't rely on standardized tests to determine who was a good or a bad teacher. There is so much more to teaching, so much more to reaching kids.

As I look back, it is clear that a school system would need a very good, carefully thought out evaluation system which looks at many aspects of a teacher's performance before tenure is eliminated.

Public school educators and others who think that tenure should be eliminated should spend some time looking at and talking to teachers in private schools who teach without tenure. Find out what works and what doesn't.