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Joyce Appleby

Joyce Appleby

Posted: January 1, 2011 01:24 PM

The Urgency of a Senate Rule Change

What's Your Reaction:

Pundits, public figures and the politically-oriented have awakened to the fact that a Senate procedural rule is undermining democracy in Congress.

Only those who spend too much time with Roberts Rules of Order can follow the tortured route through which a principled respect for free and full debate led to a situation in which it takes agreement from 60% of the Senators to bring a bill to the floor, which in effect means that it takes a supermajority to pass all legislation, originating in the House or Senate.

Because of the compromise which gave states two senators regardless of their population, the notion has arisen that the Founders intended the Senate to be undemocratic. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Alexander Hamilton and James Madison repeatedly reaffirmed the importance of majority vote in the Federalist Papers. The Constitution itself specifies the three instances in which a two-thirds vote is required.

The public weighed in to make the Senate more democratic when it passed the 17th amendment requiring the direct election of senators in 1913. This replaced the earlier provision that the state legislatures would name them.

With great gusto, the Republicans have used the so-called "invisible filibuster" 84 times since Obama was elected president, more than the total of all filibusters in the Congresses of the 1950s and 1960s.

This abuse has aroused those paying attention, but changing Rule 22 which introduced the painless filibuster will be like pulling an elephant out of hat. Too many senators on both sides of the aisle consider Senate traditions as holy writ, even though they've changed this rule three times. Much is made of the bad legislation super majorities have blocked without considering the many good laws that never get passed -- or how the difficulty of law-making in America feeds into voters' frustration and alienation.

Still the opening of the 112th Congress presents an opportunity for course correction, and some Senators are actually talking up reform proposals.

More than 300 historians, political scientists, and law profs from colleges and universities throughout the country have signed a petition calling upon their Senators "to restore majority rule to the United States Senate by revising the rules that now require the concurrence of 60 members before legislation can be brought to the floor."

Stay tuned. We'll know on January 5th whether the reformers can bring enough colleagues along to redeem democratic rule in the United States.

****

Dear colleague,


The sorry spectacle of one bill after another being defeated in the Senate despite having a majority of senators voting for it impels us to circulate this petition. We are asking our senators to change the rules that have empowered a minority of 41 senators and undermined the democratic principle of majority vote. An email message returned to appleby@history.ucla.edu will affirm your support, and your name, with affiliation, will be added to the petition which we intend to present to a group of senators when the new congress convenes in January.

Joyce Appleby, History, UCLA, retired
Katy Harriger, Political Science, Wake Forest University
Senator Gary Hart, University of Colorado, Denver
Sanford Levinson, University of Texas Law School
Lawrence Lessig, Harvard Law School
Peter Onuf, History, University of Virginia
Jack Rakove, History, Stanford University
David RePass, Political Science, University of Connecticut, retired
John K. White, Political Science, Catholic University

The Petition

We, the undersigned, American historians, political scientists, and legal scholars, call upon our senators to restore majority rule to the United States Senate by revising the rules that now require the concurrence of 60 members before legislation can be brought to the floor for debate and restoring majority vote for the passage of bills.

 
 
 
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04:57 PM on 01/04/2011
I agree; do away with the filibuster for good.

Thoughout the past 24 months we heard a neverending chorus of complaining and hand-wringing over the issue of the fillibuster. The liberal media and the Democrats provided no shortage of complaints about the process and some even called for it's legal discontinuation. The GOP - aka, "The Party Of NO" as they were called - continually used the filibuster and other tactics to delay if not defeat Democratic plans. President Obama even suggested at one point the fillibuster should be dropped in upcoming discussions on climate change, asking the GOP to "keep an open mind".

Then the unthinkable happened: the Democrats ignored the filibuster entirely on Healthcare and passed it via the process of reconciliation. As White House communications Director Dan Pfeiffer explained it: “The President expects and believes the American people deserve an up or down vote on health reform".

Having established the clear pattern of filibustering by the GOP, the Democrats must now ask themselves: Was it successful? The answer is an emphatic: yes, it was. The House is now in Republican hand's, with a weakened Senate, while the Tea Party movement gained strength and momentum.

All we need now to complete the rout is to get rid of that pesky XXII rule, and in 2012 when the Republicans regains the Senate, they will be able to cram through their own tea flavored tyranny with fortitude and dispatch.

ex animo
davidfarrar
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Tom Dee
just me
09:36 PM on 01/03/2011
The real problem with the senate and the congress is the fact that the longer someone stays in office the more important the individual become with better assignments and committee choices. The country would be better off to have an individual become less important when they stay too long. If we can marginalize someone if they refuse to leave then we would be much better off. Actually it would make it more difficult fot the individual to get reelected so he/she would not spend all the time looking for money to get reelected. We need to go to something like a jury system to pick a group to be congressmen and senator then their name is not put back into the pool for a few years. I actually wonder if we should stop paying them altogether so they do not get to comfortable being on the job. The Army system with barracks and house allowance sound pretty good to me. I sure would not allow them a staff. It sure would cut down on our expenses as thousands of congressmen and their staff stop flying to the next cute place to get photographs to get reelected.
05:40 PM on 01/03/2011
"Pundits, public figures and the politically-oriented have awakened to the fact that a Senate procedural rule is undermining democracy in Congress."

Substitute the United States of America for congress.
03:10 PM on 01/03/2011
Changes need to be made.
01:59 PM on 01/03/2011
Its interesting how liberals all of a sudden want to end the filibuster at this time. Very self serving.

The structure of our government and the rules by which they operate have served us well for over 200 years and we should take a long hard look at any fundamental changes before making them.

Leave this one alone.
03:37 PM on 01/03/2011
The filibuster didn't exist 200 years ago. And it has been modified MANY times since its inception.

I've wanted to change the filibuster for a long time, and I'm mad at every politician who hasn't committed to doing so.

Don't presume what all liberals want or think. You obviously are lacking in facts.
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bd7769
I am so often right, that I am a progressive
12:13 PM on 01/04/2011
So are you, The senate always had rules on closure and were first used 1789, In 1806 the first formal rule closure was first introduced. Rule 22 was later created and made to stand at 2/3 of senate over 100 years ago. The only recent mods to the rule were to exempt budgets etc.
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letsgetitdone
08:47 PM on 01/03/2011
Are you serious? If these folks had been self-serving, they would have gotten rid of the filibuster in January of 2009. Had they done so, and then passed a real stimulus bill, a Medicare for All taking effect by the spring of 2010, real credit card reform, and a real Finreg Bill, there would have been a Democratic landslide last November.
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TeeLolly
12:51 PM on 01/03/2011
A change is Senate rules was urgent two years ago! Now that the Republicans have the House (which might not be the case had the Dems put themselves in a position to actually accomplish real change instead of merely notching Obama's belt with timid legislation that doesn't affect the real power brokers on Wall Street or corporate board rooms, and doesn't significantly benefit more than a small group of people), Dems can blame the Republicans in the House instead of making everyone listen to Harry Reid's constant whine about not having sixty votes ...
 
When will the Dems enable themselves to wield the power they have instead of blaming someone or something else for their failure to effect real change?
Mark from atlanta
Unity through Diversity.
12:50 PM on 01/03/2011
No. With the number of Dems up for re-election in 2012 and the effects of Citizens United the fillibuster will be the last defense against rightwing tyranny.
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alexis d
06:55 PM on 01/03/2011
We, the voting public, must be the last defense against right wing tyranny. If the filibuster continues to be abused as it is, we will have right wing tyranny by default anyway.

So let's roll up our sleeves and be the firewall.
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fairwitness
Avid Ignoramian
08:55 PM on 01/03/2011
I hate like hell to say it, but now it's far too late to be talking about this, the damage is done, and, unfortunately, you are right--the Republicans will run roughshod over the Dems when they get the Senate in 2012, laughing all the way if the Dems can't fillibuster to--maybe, just maybe--avoid total legislative disaster.

Just one more way the Dems have blown their one chance.

The Dems have been so weak and inept, they would scew up ANYTHING they now try to do, even well--meaning efforts at actual democratic reform.
09:57 AM on 01/03/2011
This is a rebuttal of those who claim we are not a democracy.

Yes we are.

And we fought WWI, WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq and Afghanistan wars in the name of democracy.

---------------------------------

Democracy is a political form of government in which governing power is derived from the people, by consensus (consensus democracy), by direct referendum (direct democracy), or by means of elected representatives of the people (representative democracy).[1] The term comes from the Greek: δημοκρατία – (dēmokratía) "rule of the people",[2] which was coined from δῆμος (dêmos) "people" and κράτος (Kratos) "power", in the middle of the 5th-4th century BC to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC.[3] Even though there is no specific, universally accepted definition of 'democracy',[4] equality and freedom have been identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times.[5] These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to power. For example, in a representative democracy, every vote has equal weight, no restrictions can apply to anyone wanting to become a representative, and the freedom of its citizens is secured by legitimized rights and liberties which are generally protected by a constitution.[6][7]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy
11:46 AM on 01/03/2011
The fact that you have learned Greek and can derive the term δημοκρατία doesn't prove anything. Fact is, there is no democracy in America where a majority vote establishes a law. The possibility for tricksters cannot be whisked away with a little semantics.

By the way, in old Athens only the rich where allowed to vote - more or less the situation you find in America, where corporations can buy votes.
01:20 PM on 01/03/2011
"The "majority rule" is often described as a characteristic feature of democracy"

"Popular sovereignty is common but not a universal motivating subject for establishing a democracy."

"In some countries, democracy is based on the philosophical principle of equal rights"

"In the United States, separation of powers is often cited as a supporting attribute"

"Many people use the term "democracy" as shorthand for liberal democracy, which may include additional elements such as political pluralism; equality before the law; the right to petition elected officials for redress of grievances; due process; civil liberties; human rights; and elements of civil society outside the government."

Also,

And we fought WWI, WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq and Afghanista­n wars in the name of democracy.

Care to rebut any or all of these?

Or are you just stuck on the word?
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NebDem78
Basai Master
11:53 PM on 01/03/2011
"By the way, in old Athens only the rich where allowed to vote - more or less the situation you find in America, where corporatio­ns can buy votes."

That is an absurd insight. Flaw riddled insight.
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09:29 AM on 01/03/2011
Don't expect anything to change both sides are invested in things remaining as they are. The only way things will change is when a viable third or fourth party arrives. With things split evenly there is no reason to compromise. If thirds or fourths then coalitions will be needed forcing the sides to at least talk. Also with three or four parties it will cost more for corporations to buy votes forcing more compromise.
09:02 AM on 01/03/2011
I'VE GOT A REAL GOOD IDEA, REPEAL THE 17TH AMENDMENT! Turn back to states the appointment of two sate senators as intended by the founding fathers. This makes them accountable to their state and not some federal government!
10:09 AM on 01/03/2011
Your argument for a failure of the democratic process is to make it less democratic.
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NebDem78
Basai Master
12:44 AM on 01/04/2011
"...liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty as well as by the abuses of power..." Federalist Paper 63
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NebDem78
Basai Master
12:46 PM on 01/03/2011
I think it's a good idea.
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bd7769
I am so often right, that I am a progressive
08:30 AM on 01/03/2011
So what is the “invisible filibuster” the appearance of saying you will use the filibuster and the majority not willing to challenge the claim?
I am not sure that making the senate more democratic is a good thing; one must remember that we are not a democracy but rather a constitutional republic. Why don’t we start with some term limits to stop the professionalization of the congress?
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calickizzle
04:04 PM on 01/03/2011
Because with term limits, you lose institutional memory and experience, and swap that out for "noobs" who are inexperienced with the institutions of government and make them even more susceptible to corporate lobbyists and special interests....
12:45 AM on 01/04/2011
I don't believe that terms limits are the answer, but it gives me pause that someone like the late Robert Byrd (D, WVA), even though he knew more about the Senate's rules than the parlimentarian, revealed ever-failing mental capacities each year. Of couse, West Virginians would keep electing him -- he brought much pork to the state -- and the Republicans never fielded a viable candidate.
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bd7769
I am so often right, that I am a progressive
11:58 AM on 01/04/2011
I guess your right, what you said happened with the office of president two years ago and we still have the corporate lobbyists running the agenda.
06:42 AM on 01/03/2011
Most of the filibuster reforms being proposed merely tinker at the edges of this pernicious practice. Any reform at all might be better than none in this case, but sometimes halfway gestures posing as reform preempt real reform. That is what happened to much of Obama’s legislative program BECAUSE of the filibuster. It will be more than unfortunate if filibuster reform meets the same fate.
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Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
01:32 AM on 01/03/2011
It would be nice...we'll see what happens.
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NebDem78
Basai Master
08:57 PM on 01/02/2011
Would it be a bad thing to take away the direct election of a Senator, and return it to indirect? Campaigns can add additional problems for the role of the Senate. The influence of lobbyists may change from a result of an indirect election to the Senate, though, lobbyists will still be able to function, but wouldn't it be better to feed only one head, than two? Maybe, the Senate has too much on their plate. Changing the Senate back to indirect, may cause more problems within the state legislatures, it may mean that more partisanship is employed in efforts to control whom is more suitable to either parties interest, but it may prevent some of the problems in the Senate as well. The expression of the voter's will is more profound at the local level, in my opinion. By holding that local level in check, it should allow the Senator to be freed from the extracurricular activities that are associated with running a term long campaign for financing their next election. There is a saying to the effect: 'once, having been elected, the first order of business is to get re-elected.' Why not remove that whole equation from the Senate. This view-point will surely draw ire, from some, but it would be interesting to study, and no I'm not Zell Miller.
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kemstone
Just another opinionated nobody.
02:27 AM on 01/03/2011
Interesting and unusual proposal, but I hesitate to take any voting power away from citizens. The problems associated with perpetual re-election campaigning would be better solved, in my opinion, with mandatory term-limits for both Senators and Congressmen.
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bd7769
I am so often right, that I am a progressive
08:32 AM on 01/03/2011
Term limits would be good as well
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calickizzle
04:07 PM on 01/03/2011
Why term limits? If a representative is good and effective in representing their constituents, why should they be forced out of office after 2 or 3 terms? Its interesting that the U.S. is viewed as a democracy and yet I'm hearing arguments to take votes AWAY from citizens. How odd.

I mean, seriously- you'd really prefer to have no say who represents you in the Senate?
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Shaun Hensley
The American Experiment has failed
05:35 AM on 01/03/2011
I'd rather dissolve the Senate.
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NebDem78
Basai Master
12:53 PM on 01/03/2011
The Senate has a structural importance. By getting rid of the Senate, it would eventually lead towards a monarchical form of government.
11:02 AM on 01/02/2011
There was additional support for our side with the endorsement of filibuster reform by Walter Mondale.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/02/opinion/02mondale.html?hp=&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1293984067-+j4BxsiI73oJTdW9DTnhJQ