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Judge H. Lee Sarokin

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Why Do Innocent People Plead Guilty?

Posted: 05/29/2012 4:33 pm

Prison is Hell for the guilty; it is difficult to envision what it must be like for the innocent. Brian Banks is yet another story of a person not only wrongfully imprisoned, but imprisoned based upon his own "voluntary" act. He was exonerated after serving five years for a rape he did not commit. How and why do innocent people confess or plead guilty to crimes that they did not commit? Roughly 20 percent of those that have been exonerated confessed to the crimes with which they were charged and convicted. Most of those involved persons who had actually gone to trial, but we have no way of knowing how many there are who merely entered guilty pleas through bargains and never appealed as a result. Although we hear and read about criminal trials, the reality is that only about 5 percent actually go to trial and the balance are resolved by plea agreements.

In this case Mr. Banks pleaded "no contest" or nolo contendere, a plea in which the defendant neither admits nor disputes the charges against him. In most instances, a defendant will be required to make a choice between a plea of guilty or not guilty. When pleading guilty a defendant is required to "allocate" before the judge -- admit the crime and furnish sufficient details to satisfy the court that he is indeed guilty. (One cannot help wonder how and by whom an innocent defendant is furnished with enough information about the crime to satisfy the court of his guilt.) That is not always the requirement in "no contest" pleas, and I do not know what transpired in the Banks case. If he had pled guilty he would have been required to admit the rape and testify to the details.

What apparently happened here (based upon his version) is all too typical of what happens in the criminal justice system. I call it the "Ins of Court" -- intimidation by the prosecution and incompetence by the defense. The defendant, frightened, most often poor, uneducated, a minority member is advised that a trial is likely to end with a conviction and a long sentence, whereas a plea will guarantee a much shorter sentence. Despite his protestations of innocence, the defendant seeks guidance frequently from an over-worked, underpaid defense lawyer who would much prefer a quick deal rather than a long drawn out trial. Of course, not all defense counsel fit that description. Many do not, but even the best and most devoted are required to put this draconian choice to their clients -- a guaranteed short sentence versus a potentially long one -- possibly life in prison.

The problem is further complicated by the fact that it is more difficult to set aside a guilty plea than a conviction after trial. Once a person has admitted guilt and spelled out the details of the crime sufficient for the court to accept the plea, the chances of reversing such convictions are very slight if not nil. Most do not try. Mr. Banks had the fortitude to continue his fight even after he had been paroled and was fortunate in eliciting a recantation from the complaining witness. Such instances are very rare. Thanks to the tenacity of the California Innocence Project it happened here.

The reality is that without plea bargains the entire criminal justice system would come to a halt. Charges would be tried ten years after they were made. The only solution is vigilance by all those involved. The prosecutor, defense counsel and the court must be satisfied of the defendant's guilt before urging or accepting a plea. I recognize that there is no avenue to absolute certainty because the knowledge of guilt or innocence lies with the defendant, but all involved must strive not to imprison the innocent -- even those who profess to be guilty.

 
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09:55 AM on 06/17/2012
I bet this happens far more often than we'll ever know. The prosecution is a huge machine; consisting of trial lawyers, the entire police force, department of corrections and the coroner's office. Typically you have a poor "suspect" undergoing a questionable interrogation process and an overwhelming attitude of "for the greater good" on the side of police and prosecutors to justify extracted confessions and innaccurate evidence presentation. Until this is admitted by more than just Alan Dershowitz and a few others, justice will never be the goal of the "Justice System".
04:11 PM on 06/15/2012
I never had to confess to the details when my wife made up a story out of thin air about me getting drunk all day and beating on her. My defense attorney actually told me that "If the judge doesn't believe you (when you confess), you will have to go to trial, and you know how expensive that is." The judge just read the definition of Battery, and I said yes. Now, it's going to follow me around my whole life.
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2sleepy
09:52 AM on 06/02/2012
while working in law enforcement in California for decades, I watched the sentencing laws in that state change in such a bizarre way that taking a case to trial became an act of either bravery or stupidity. The system is so rigged against the defendant. The 'offer' from the DA in return for a guilty plea typically is low or mid term for the crime with no enhancements, but take the case to trial and with sentencing 'add-ons' such as doubling a sentence for a prior conviction, only getting 15% off your sentence for good time instead of 50%, and you could easily turn a 2 or 3 year prison term into a 20 year sentence. In my opinion, it's appalling that a system operates like that. Long prison terms should be reserved for the most dangerous offender, not handed out to a person who had the audacity to challenge the rigged system and go to trial.
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wcws1girl
05:34 PM on 05/31/2012
People plead guilty because the judicial system scare you into it. Once you are a suspect they have everything they need to frame you and unless you have a lot of money for a good lawyer, you don't have a chance.
08:23 PM on 05/30/2012
The author is naive: "When pleading guilty a defendant is required to "allocate" before the judge -- admit the crime and furnish sufficient details to satisfy the court that he is indeed guilty." Even this does not occur (at least in Idaho or Utah). It is typically replaced with the simple question 'why did you do it' the process continues regardless of whether the question is answered at all.
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:41 AM on 05/30/2012
http://www.paulstuckle.com/InformationCenter/ChildAbuse/TheEliminationofConstitutionalRights.aspx

In the Banks case, as a juvenile he was probably not allowed a jury trial, or threatened with adult charges as a juvenile if he did not comply.

In these cases you no longer have the right to confront your accuser, hear say evidence is admissible, syndrome evidence and specualtion is accepted as "real" proof, and you can be convicted without any physical evidence.

In an Aflord plea, you are allowed to maintain your innocence, but "agree" there is enough evidence to convict. If there IS enough evidence to convict, then WHY DONT' THEY?

Because they don't - all they have to do is threaten you, truthfully, with sure conviction and a much longer prison term.

After accepting the plea, YOU are held to the "bargain", YOU are no considered guilty,while the court can invoke an "manifest injustice" and change the terms if they choose.

The case I was knew, the accused was offered a plea for no jail time after passing multiple polygraphs and the lack of physical evidence (the accuser was virginally intact after claiming over a dozen attacks).

He was jailed anyway after passing another polygraph during the pre sentencing investigation. He was now "in denial" since he "took a guilty plea" even though it was a "I'm innocent but pleading guilty anyway" plea.

It's just a big evil chess game, heads they win, tails you lose.
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:19 AM on 05/30/2012
Gee, Judge. Are you telling us you don't know how the system really works?

Innocent people never willingly accept plea bargains. Why would you insult our intelligence?

The System runs on pleas - you over charge the accused, you terrify them - rightly - by pointing out all the innocent people still in prison or bankrupted who refused to "cooperate" by accepting guilty pleas. Not even a terrified 16 year old black kid is blind to the fact that taking your case to trial will most likely get you convicted(over 90% of the time) and MUCH harsher punishment meted out.

Throw in a few "prison bitch" comments and voila: an innocent person "willingly" accepts a plea.

It's a dirty deal, sir, and you know it.
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jmdziuban1
Aspiring ne'er do not-so-well
02:12 AM on 05/30/2012
I took a few minutes to get some info on the case, and it comes down to a recanted false accusation. Why the alleged victim made the false accusation is unknown, but given the circumstances Mr. banks likely felt he had little choice. That pleading WAS better than a trial conviction, which was practically a certainty unless the accuser recanted during testimony, which is a mighty big risk to take.

The whole situation is wrong, the false accusation and the pleading to a crime never committed, but the false accusation comes first and sets the whole misfortunate episode in motion. What is the psychology of falsely accusing another of a horrible wrong?

http://www.californiainnocenceproject.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75:puracal&catid=8:news&Itemid=23
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Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
12:06 PM on 05/30/2012
jmdziuban1 - I agree. Banks had a terrible choice to make and many probably would have done what he did. As for the accuser---how could anybody be so cruel! And she never came forward voluntarily because she didn't want to lose the money she was not entitled to.
08:18 AM on 05/31/2012
I think the key in this regarding the accuser is that she reported multiple attacks but there was so physical evidence she had ever engaged in sexual intercourse. There is a high probability that she is mentally ill and actually believes she was attacked.
10:45 PM on 05/29/2012
Extensive plea bargaining is said to be needed because the courts are crowded. Why are the courts crowded? Maybe, the war on drugs.

The war on drugs has been worse than the drugs: in money, personal tragedy, erosion of civil liberties, official corruption, militarization of policing, wrongful convictions, theft by forfeiture , and prosecutorial misconduct and abuse. And governments, judges and bar associations have been very negligent about disciplining the latter.
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dvmweb1984
Thinking, ..thinking.
10:30 PM on 05/29/2012
Ha, ha, ha. Note the cynicism. The justice system is a social system and has little to do with the truth or good sense. It is all about who has the money for a good defense. Especially if the sytem is after an innocent person. From the police, to the prosecutor, and the judge. Though it may fail a few percent of the time, it is wrong in important cases enough to question it's power.
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:21 AM on 05/30/2012
Rape cases are politically advantageous to win convictions. The accusers is automaticall presumed to be "The Victim".

Google " Elimination of Constituitional Rights" by attorney Paul Stuckle.
08:22 AM on 05/31/2012
Where as in the not to distant past, the victims of rape were seen as being at fault or lying. The main exception to this case was when a white woman accused a man from a racial minority. Then the man was guilty regardless of the evidence.
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PCMartin
Bullish on cat food and refrigerator boxes
09:33 PM on 05/29/2012
Typo alert! "Allocate" should read "allocute."

I enjoyed the "Ins of Court" pun; Horace Rumpole would probably have approved.

As for the substance, given the extreme pressure innocent defendants are under to cop a plea, guilty and no-contest pleas should probably be given no more weight than contested convictions when subsequently challenged.
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Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
01:38 AM on 05/30/2012
PC - Thanks for the correction. I, of course, meant "allocute".
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larry cifuentes
08:09 PM on 05/29/2012
Unless each man learn the way to live for the divine cause, is doomed in a worst than animal existence.
08:37 PM on 05/29/2012
Is that a religious threat? Because I don't believe in God and my life is going great!:)
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larry cifuentes
11:20 PM on 05/29/2012
The divine is like bread and salt that, in some parts of the world is still under monopoly control.

As bread and salt in US isn't under monopoly, likewise  the divine is no any religion's monopoly either.

BTW  the divine cause, is people's truth; to honor the truth in people, in the long run, creates the best society ever.
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:22 AM on 05/30/2012
I do believe in God and my life is going great also. :)
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edgarcaycedoc
08:06 PM on 05/29/2012
Many innocent suspects are harassed during their questioning by the police. Some are told that if they would just admit their crime, that we can all "just go home." Unfortunately a confession--whether coerced or not--stands as evidence that the suspect is "guilty." Most defendants I know never stood a chance, because they did not know how to go through the steps to plead innocent--they simply responded to police questioning in a manner that "proves" their guilt to jurors. And most jurors, in my opinion, really want to do the "right thing." But what are they supposed to do when the defendant has already made his/her admission of guilt??
spiffy nid
For the Emperor.
10:35 PM on 05/29/2012
Police are notorious for recording interrogations, then replaying phrases out of context to a jury.

If taken in for questioning the most effective thing to do is shut up and demand a lawyer.
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:24 AM on 05/30/2012
Lawyers don't do anything without the big bucks. It's not worth their while.

It's a chess game to them - you aren't important, and the Truth never has anything to do with it in the first palce.
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edgarcaycedoc
05:14 PM on 05/30/2012
Your advice is the best. I told my children that if they were ever arrested, that they were to refuse to answer any questions beyond their name, their parent's name(s), their address, and their telephone number. Then shut up until they have secured a lawyer, and if still a minor to insist their parents be present for all interrogation. So in my opinion you are absolutely correct.
08:01 PM on 05/29/2012
You are most correct in pointing out how many innocent people face taking a risk with a legal system that pits the power of government against you-with no accountability for lies by police or investigators, prosecutors coaching witnesses or fabricating evidence. If the defendant is not poverty-stricken, legal fees for an effective defense can destroy him/her. So more folks than you could ever imagine plea out-often with the realization of not only lighter punishment, but quite often felonies rolling over to misdemeanors on a permanent record.
What no one wants to talk about is this-if you add up the day-to-day instances of criminal misconduct by law enforcement and prosecutors, -you could make the argument that criminal misconduct by those within the criminal justice system constitutes one of the largest crime waves in the country-there is just no accountability for these crimes-only cases thrown out. Add to that jurors who are brainwashed into believing that being on trial equals guilt and that police don't lie, and the fact that almost all criminal court judges are ex-prosecutors and bring that mind-set with them. I was brought up to believe that when those in authority 'cross the line' that they should be dealt with harshly. Instead we have a steady stream of folks ground through the largest criminal justice system on the planet-guilty or not, while criminals within the system just keep on going..
spiffy nid
For the Emperor.
10:36 PM on 05/29/2012
I agree, how about if an officer knowingly (or hell, negligently) puts an innocent man in prison, the officer serves the sentence. Let's get some accountability going!
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:25 AM on 05/30/2012
It's the prosecutors more than the cops, usually.

Sometimes the cops aren't even involved.

Google "Nifong".
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swlewis57
Working class, and proud of it.
05:31 PM on 05/29/2012
You are delibrately kept awake, you are not given any food or water, you are yelled at for hours, you are lied to, and all of this in a little room where you are not allowed to leave.

Are those good enough reasons why innocent men confess to a crime they did not commit?
08:39 PM on 05/29/2012
Because the guy wasn't confident that he was gonna win and it was either confess and get 5 years or I believe his other option was fight and if convicted get like 40 years. If I had presented those choices, depending on the case she had. I probably would have confessed too. 40 years or even 20 is horrible.
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Yellowcab
100 % Cotton
10:27 AM on 05/30/2012
In more cases than not, it's simply a matter of being told you have no chance of winning (which is true) you are facing a looooong prison sentence (prison rape sentence) then offered a milder sentence in exchange.

When faced with this reality ( it IS reality, no lies needed) yes, 90% of the time the accused will accept the plea offer.